Campaign military 3 SB

UNT TITLE GRAMMAR FUNöTI0NAL ENGLISH PR0NUNGIATI0N V0CABULARY free time activities military ranks __ officers and NCOs terms of service 2 Military past simple and continuous __ talkin

STUDENT’S BOOK @)

Ha

Simon Mellor-Clark

UNT TITLE GRAMMAR FUNöTI0NAL ENGLISH PR0NUNGIATI0N V0CABULARY

free time activities military ranks

officers and NCOs

terms of service

2 Military past simple and continuous talking about memorable -ed endings recruitment and enlistment

present perfect continuous military life

contrast and concession

3 = Humanitarian future forms with wil making telephone calls numbers natural disasters

and generalisation describing food civil-military cooperation

4 Boots on the real and unreal conditionals showing anxiety sounding firm and cheokpoints

ground reported speech reacting to news sounding angry interpreters

5 Leaders and past perfect and past describing people linking leadership qualities

leadership simple telling stories tactical tasks (1)

6 Exercise reported questions asking for information emphasis air force missions (2)

opening a conversation finding things in common discussing problems

GRAMMAR FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION V0CABULARY

ae defining and non-defining - describing and defining active listening buildings and facilities

describing military units engineer tasks

engineer equipment assigned and attached types of uniform army traditions

8 Media to infinitive / -ing forms praising sentence stress with underfire

by that

9 Desert Storm past habits asking and answering questions in used to operation orders

camp conditions rest and relaxation

opening remarks in meetings hospitality

thanking people for their hospitality

T——m

military doctrine

Listening scripts

1 his / her rank, name and service 2 what his / her job is

3 where he / she is deployed 4 how long he / she is there for

Reading Task2 Read the first part of the orders and answer the questions

1 What is Joaquim Ribeiro’s rank? 3 Where is his permanent base?

2 Which service does he belong to? 4 Whatis the name of his unit?

NAME: Joaquim Ribeiro

2 Mission Purpose: Six month rotation to provide airlift support to forces

in the Middle East with a base of operations located at Incirlik Air Base

3 Mission Team: Mission includes standard air crew of five: two pilots,

one flight engineer, one navigator and load master

a Primary Mission:

Execute tactical air transport operations

b Secondary Air Missions:

(1) Execute search and rescue operations

(2) Execute general air transport operations

(3) Execute medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) operations

| Deployed Chain of Command: Aircraft captain and aircrew will report to the Commander 728th Airlift Support Squadron, 39th Operations Group, 39th Wing, Incirlik AB, Turkey for command and control of missions

during the rotation

Arrival Procedures Upon arrival, clear Turkish customs and report to the 39th Operations Group administrative support staff They will

Now read the rest of the orders and answer the questions

When will he travel?

Where is Joaquim Ribeiro’s new assignment?

How long is the temporary duty assignment?

What are his duties there?

Who will he report to when he arrives at his new duty station?

Task 3 Work in pairs Answer the questions

1 Who decides on new postings in your country’s armed forces?

2 How do you find out about new postings?

3 Do you have any choice over your postings?

Task 4 Label the pictures Use these words

flight engineer loadmaster navigator pilot Now match the jobs with the descriptions

Lieutenant Joaquim Ribeiro, (1) flight engineer Performs aircraft inspections and emergency maintenance Maintains the aircraft records Operates the engine controls and monitors the aircraft systems

Captain Marco Barciela (aircraft commander), (2)

Plans and prepares the mission Files a flight plan and briefs the crew Ensures that pre-flight and post-flight checks are carried out Pilots the aircraft and commands the

crew

Technical Sergeant Barbara Duarte, (3)

Reviews the cargo manifest Supervises aircraft loading, off loading and airdrops

Checks cargo, passengers and troops against the manifest

Second Lieutenant Hugo Moura, (4)

Reviews the mission, intelligence and weathes information Assists the pilot in

preparing the flight plan and briefing the crew Navigates the aircraft

Task 5 Read the text again and find a word that means

1 adocument that includes all the details of a flight

2 aninspection that is carried out before an aircraft takes off

3 an inspection that is carried out after an aircraft lands

4 adocument with all the details of passengers and cargo carried on board an aircraft

5 supplies, vehicles and equipment transported on board an aircraft

Language tactics Collocations — job tasks Task 6 Complete the table Use these words

verbs nouns adjectives

Performs aircraft inspections and emergency maintenance

Checks cargo, passengers and troops against the manifest

They will provide a permanent gate pass

combinations of nouns command and control; search and rescue Now read the text in task 4 again and find the nouns that go together with

2_ maintain 5_ monitor 8_ perform

Task 7 Describe your responsibilities at work

5 Assignment abroad

0rientation briefing Task 1 Work in pairs Say what you try to find out before you report to a new duty station

Listening

tt Task 2 Listen to a briefing and order the topics

1 Exercise Gallant Eagle %

2 The mission of the air base wing at Incirlik

3 Appropriate dress and behaviour off-base

4 Personnel stationed at the air base

5 Facilities for aircraft

t1 Now listen again and complete the notes

Orientation briefing by (1)

Appointment: (2)

Incirlik Air Base

- Home to the (3) - Air Base Wing

Mission

+ To help protect (4) om interests in the Southern Region — -

~ To provide a staging and operational air base for wartime — operations and (5) including peace support operations

- Length of main runway (7)

(2}@ Task 3 Listen and count the syllables in the underlined words

there aren’t any permanently assigned aircraft here at Incirlik tight fitting clothes are not recommended for wear off-base We're currently preparing for Exercise Gallant Eagle

Failure is not an option

(21@ Now listen again and practise saying the full forms for emphasis

Assignment abroad 6

1 thelocation of the base

2 major units stationed at the base

3 the number of personnel who work there UK LS

4 facilities available on base RAF stati Air bast

Review of present tenses

Task 5 Study the examples

we provide a staging and operational air base to project airpower

We use the present simple tense to talk about facts, habits and regular actions,

states and opinions When we talk about regular actions, we often use adverbs of

frequency and time expressions like on Fridays, every month and twice a year

the wing is currently working hard to ensure the success of the mission

We use the present continuous to talk about actions that are currently in progress

We often use time expressions like at this moment, currently and right now

the strategic importance of Incirlik is constantly growing

We also use the present continuous to talk about change and development

Dynamic and stative verbs

Task 6 Study the examples

I know you are interested in collecting your travel pay

I now want to introduce you to your next briefer

Verbs that describe an action are called dynamic verbs Verbs that describe a state

are called stative verbs We do not usually use stative verbs with continuous tenses

Common stative verbs include be, belong, consist of, include, know, like, see,

understand, want, wish

Task 7 Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences

This morning, (1) I want | am wanting to brief you on our medical services here at

Incirlik These (2) consist | are consisting of routine medical treatment, a dental clinic

and a Health and Wellness Center The clinic (3) serves | is serving military personnel

stationed at Incirlik and their family members We (4) currently expand | are currently

expanding the services we offer however, for some services we refer patients to the

local Turkish hospitals

Both the hospital and dental clinic (5) operate | are operating by appointment

Emergency room services are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week In the

Health and Wellness Center, we (6) currently plan | are currently planning

programmes in fitness orientation, healthy cooking and weight loss If you are

interested in any of these programs, (7) I have | am having Master Sergeant Candice

Parks with me this morning Candice (8) sits | is sitting at the back of the room and I

know she'll be delighted to give you more information

1(9) hope | am hoping my part of this morning’s briefing has helped you to

understand what we can do for you during your stay here at Incirlik

This (10) concludes | is concluding my briefing Are there any questions?

{3}@ Now listen and check your answers

Task 8 Write about a recreation or health facility at your base Write about

1 the purpose of the facility 2 who can use it

3 the services provided 4 hours of operation

(4)@ Task 2 Listen to the first part of a conversation and write

1 where the conversation takes place

2 where the man is stationed

3 why the man was absent from his duty station

4 why he is returning to his duty station now

(5]@ Now listen to the rest of the conversation and answer true or false

The woman has never been to Turkey before

The best place to buy souvenirs is on base

Most shops accept only Turkish Lira

The best place to change money is on base

The market stalls accept credit cards

The dining facilities on base serve American food

Is this your first time in Incirlik?

What's Incirlik like?

What's the nearest town to the base?

Do you know where I can buy some souvenirs?

What currency is used?

Where's the best place to change money?

Is English spoken much there?

What kind of food do they serve there

Now match the questions with the answers

Do you mean the base or the local area?

Incirlik village — that’s just outside the base

Probably at the finance office on the base

Sure, most TDY folks go to shop on the local economy in Incirlik

The local currency in Turkey is the Turkish Lira but most shops accept dollars or

euros

6 Yes itis In fact, it’s my first time in Turkey

7 You can get by in English with no problem

8 You mean, at the base or in the local restaurants?

(5]@ Task 4 Listen again to track 5 and check your answers

Task 5 Work in pairs Write a similar conversation between you and a visitor to your

country

Now practise the conversation

Task 6 Work in pairs Say what you like to do when you visit a place

relax goshopping visit historical buildings and museums

&

Reading Task7 Read the text and complete the chart Use these words

American food beaches castle fishing hiking shopping mountain climbing water sports movies in English museum nightlife souvenir shopping

IF YOU ARE LOOKING to get away for a day, a popular place to start is Yilankale or Snake Castle

About a 20-minute drive from the base, Yilankale was built during the crusades and is an excellent example of military architecture Another interesting place to visit is the seaside town of Kizkalesi,

about 75 km east of Mersin The town is named after a castle 150 meters offshore

If you want sun, sea and relaxation, head for the beautiful beaches on the Mediterranean coast

The closest beach resorts are Karatas (50 km) and Yamurtalik (84 km), the latter is especially interesting for the ancient harbor castle and the nearby nature reserve Mersin is a city that offers modern shopping, popular American-style restaurants and great nightlife

If beaches are not your thing, check out the city of Adana With a population of over one million, Adana is the fourth largest city in Turkey In Old Adana you can find fruit and fish markets, carpet and brass stores, a gold market and a covered bazaar New Adana is quite different and offers nightlife, modern shopping malls, American pizza and hamburger restaurants, and movie theaters that show films in English For a romantic view of Adana, check out the tea houses and restaurants alongside the Seyhan Dam Lake Adana is also a great place for historical buildings

Especially worth seeing is the 16th century Great Mosque (Ulu Camii), the clock-tower and the stone bridge Also check out the Archaeological Museum The museum building itself is interesting since it was built as a church by the crusaders

Sports enthusiasts will find plenty of activities in the area around Incirlik Water sports are popular on the coastline around Karatas and Yamurtalik and include yachting, rowing, water-skiing, snorkelling and swimming There are a number of good mountain climbing routes near Yilankale and check out the beautiful Toros Mountains around Pozanti for hiking For fishing try Gamlik

National Park 30 km southwest of Adana

Now say where you would go for a weekend

Language tactics — Learning words in groups

Task 8 When you learn new words, organise the words in groups and by topic

Complete the table Use these words

bazaar church clock tower mall market mosque rowing snorkelling store water-skiing yachting

places t0 g0 sh0pping religious and historical buildings — watersports

Writing Task 9 Write a list of suggestions for things to do or places to visit for a group of

foreign military personnel visiting your base for two days

Now work in pairs Compare your suggestions and plan a route for an afternoon trip

ort)

delta

Officers and Non-coms

Task 1 Put the ranks in order

US Army Captain

US Army PFC

US Air Force Chief Master Sergeant

US Air Force Lieutenant General

US Air Force Lieutenant Colonel

US Army Brigadier General

All NCOs first serve as junior enlisted personnel

Promotion to a higher rank depends on merit

All officers first serve as enlisted soldiers, sailors or airmen

Commissioned officers have complete authority over NCOs

Junior enlisted personnel salute NCOs

Marriage between officers and enlisted personnel i is prohibited

Task 2 Answer true or false for your country’s armed forces

Now read the text and answer true or false for the United States military

Working with the

United States Air Forcé

Staff Sergeant and promotion to this rank, as well as further promotion, is based on a recommendation from an airman’s commander plus points awarded

for time in service, time in grade, performance

reports, decorations and the results of examinations

Commissioned officers provide management and

leadership in their area of responsibility Officers hold the highest ranks in the military and they

receive their commission from the President Every

year, the Air Force selects a number of enlisted

members for officer training but most officers come

from the Air Force Academy or from a civilian

university In a similar way to NCOs, the promotion

of officers depends on merit

Commissioned officers outrank all enlisted personnel and even a recently commissioned second lieutenant officially outranks the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force However, in practise junior officers normally only exercise authority over

direct subordinates in their chain of command For

by a polite greeting The officer returns the salute

and will generally offer a similar greeting Enlisted

personnel do not normally salute each other

The Air Force has strict rules about the conduct of

officers and enlisted members Close personal

relationships and business relationships between officers and enlisted members are prohibited These

relations are known as fraternization and the penalties for officers can be severe, including court martial and separation from the service

Task 3 Find words in the text that mean

1 the number of years or months that an airman, NCO or officer has served in the

air force

the amount of time that an airman, NCO or officer has held a particular rank

to hold a higher rank than another service member

prohibited relationships between officers and enlisted members

a military court that tries people accused of breaking military law

voluntary or involuntary discharge from the armed forces

Simple and compound sentences

Task 5 Study the examples

Commissioned officers provide management and leadership in their area of responsibility

| v JL v v v

noun group verbgroup noungroup complement

A simple sentence has one independent clause An independent clause has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete idea

Officers hold the highest ranks in the military and they receive their commission from the President

independent clause coordinating conjunction independent clause

A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction like and or but

Now join the sentences with and or but

1 a _ The promotion of NCOs depends on merit

b_ The promotion of officers depends on merit

2 a Officers do not have to serve as enlisted members

b Officers do have to have a university degree

3 a Officers have a university degree

b Officers receive a commission from the President of the United States

4 a Enlisted ranks have to salute officers

b_ Enlisted ranks don’t have to salute NCOs

5 a_ Enlisted members do not have to go to university

b Officers have to go to university

Task 6 Write a short paragraph explaining the rank structure in your armed forces

Report for duty Task 1 Work in pairs Put the security classifications in order

CONFIDENTIAL RESTRICTED SECRET TOP SECRET

Reading Task2 Read the first part of the text and find

the security classification

what date the message was sent

what organisation the message is sent to

who the message is for

what fax number the document was sent to

where the message is sent from

who sent the message

the fax number of the sender

the subject of the message

The total number of pages transmitted

FAX NO: + 925 521 2665 FAX NO: +48 (21) 487 978

a Colonel Saber, Deputy Chief of Staff Group 1

b Major Bassir, Public Information Officer Group 2

2 These people will participate in the United Nations Mission in CAPE BOAR (UNMCB) The mission is expected to begin on 25 June 2005 All personnel will deploy unaccompanied for a period of six months

3 Group 1 personnel (Planning) are to report for duty no later than 10 June to Headquarters MNPKB These people will assist in the development of the military plan of operations before deploying into the mission area On arrival at HQ MNPKB, hotel accommodation will be arranged by this office Please note that staff are responsible for paying their

own accommodation costs

4 Group 2 personnel (Headquarters Establishment) are to report on 16 June for duty in the mission area, UNMCB, Cape Boar International Airport These people will assist in the establishment of the mission HQ in preparation for the arrival of national contingents

Air tickets have been ordered and can be picked up from local British Airways offices

0n arrival at HQ MNPKB / the mission area, staff will start to receive daily subsistence allowance

All administrative details are in accordance with contingency establishment joining instructions The HQ MNPKB point of contact is: G1 (Personnel) / Military Personnel

Tel.: +48 (21) 487 238; Fax: +48 (21) 487 978; E-mail: milper@hqmnpkb

Who will participate in the United Nations Mission in Cape Boar?

When will Colonel Saber report for duty?

Where will he report?

What are his duties?

When will Corporal Hadda report for duty?

Where will he report?

What are his duties?

How will the augmentees travel?

Task 3 Read the text again and find a word that means

orders to report for active duty

the personnel and equipment in a unit at full strength

a person temporarily attached to a headquarters during exercises and operations

and other emergencies

a tour of duty where family members are not authorised to travel with a service member

money paid to cover the cost of meals and other everyday expenses

Task 4 Write a note to Colonel Saber informing him of the deployment

Task 5 Work in pairs Decide which postings you would apply for

1

mission is likely to be dangerous but the operational experience will be good for your career Also, you will receive extra money while you are deployed

A two-year accompanied tour with your country’s embassy in London You will

be assigned to the military attaché’s office You can travel with your family and the embassy will pay for your children to attend a school in London

A one-year unaccompanied professional development course in the United States

The course will help your career but you will not be able to travel with your family

A tour of duty as an instructor at an international peacekeeping school The school

is located in the capital city of a country that has recently emerged from ten years

of civil war Your accommodation is in an international compound that is protected by guards and surrounded by barbed wire You have the option of

taking your family with you

Aone-year assi t to an international headquarters in Northern Ei

POS CEL)

Military service

Joining up Task 1 Work in pairs Look at the posters and answer the questions

1 Which poster would convince you to join the military? Why? 2 Which poster would work best for recruitment in your country? Why?

For excitement and adventure

To get extra money for school or university

For opportunities to travel abroad

Because they do not know what else to do

To protect and serve their country

(6}@ Listening Task3 Listen to a conversation and tick why each speaker joined the army

Now work in pairs For each speaker, say

1 what you think about their reasons for joining the military

2 if they will stay in the military

tr ® Task 4 Listen to the rest of the conversation and say who

1 is going to make a career in the military Why?

2 is making plans to leave the military Why?

So, the next morning I went down to the recruiting office

Both my father and my grandfather were in the navy

You probably watched too many war films when you were young

We use the past simple to talk about things that happened at a definite time in the

past, over a period of time in the past and regular actions or habits in the past We

often use words and phrases like last week or yesterday to say when something, happened

They were travelling to different places, like Cyprus and Germany

I was working in the local factory in town

We use the past continuous to talk about actions and events happening around a particular time in the past and to give background information

one day I was shopping with my girlfriend when I met some friends from school

We often use the past simple and past continuous tense together We use as, when

and while to link the past simple with the past continuous

Now complete the text with the verbs in brackets More than one tense is possible for some answers

It was 1995 and I (1) (do) my military service in an infantry regiment in

Madrid One day, I (2) (talk) to my company commander and I (3) (tell) him that I was a judo instructor — that’s what I (4) (do) before I joined the army

So, he (5) (assign) me to teach self-defence to the military police unit My military service (6) (be) fantastic I (7) (practise) judo every day and I

(not + have) guard duty or anything like that Anyway, when my military

(finish), I (10) (decide) to join as a regular soldier and I went

Regular -ed endings and past participles

Task 6 Count the number of syllables in the words

(8 ® Now listen and check

Task 7 Complete the rules

If the last sound of a regular verb is / /, we add /1d/ With verbs that do not end with a /d/ ora /t/ sound, the ending is pronounced / / when

the verb ends in a voiced sound or / / when the verb ends in a voiceless sound

Task 8 Work in pairs Ask your partner

1 why they decided to join the military

2 what they were doing when they took the decision

3 why they chose their service and specialisation

15

172av0

A military career

Task 1 Work in pairs Answer the questions

1 At what age can young men and women join the military in your country?

2 At what age can they go on operational deployments?

3 When someone joins as a volunteer, how long is his / her contract with the

military?

4 Can service personnel leave the military when they want?

5 Do personnel stay in the same unit for all their military career?

(9}@ Listening Task 2 Listen to a conversation Answer the

questions in task 1 for the British Army

{91 @ Now listen again and answer true or false

1 Private Barley was 16 when he joined up

2 He has been in the army for eight years

3 He does not intend to stay in the army

4 He will get his promotion to lance corporal

when the battalion returns to Germany

5 He has never been posted away from his

battalion

Language tactics Phrasal verbs

Task 3 We generally use phrasal verbs in less formal speaking and writing Replace the underlined words with these phrasal verbs

getout joinup putinfor signon stay on

Lt Lars: How long have you been in the military?

Pt Barley: I (1) enlisted six years ago

Lt Lars: Six years And are you going to (2) continue and make the army your career?

Pt Barley: Yes, sir I’ve (3) signed a contract for the full 22 years

Lt Lars: 22 years Does that mean you can’t leave until you’ve completed 22 years?

Pt Barley: No, sir You sign on for 22 years but you can (4) leave after four years if you

don’t like it

Lt Lars: And when will you get promotion?

Pt Barley: Well, I’ve (5) applied for the next lance corporal’s course

Speaking Task 4 Work in pairs Complete the sentences

1 What I found most surprising about the British Army was

2 Another really interesting thing was

3 I didn’t know that in the British Army

4 Abig difference in our country is that

(10}@ Listening Task 5 Listen to the conversation and answer the questions

1 How long has the battalion been in theatre?

2 What have the troops been doing since they arrived?

3 Has all their equipment arrived? What's missing?

4 Has Private Barley been out on patrol yet?

a «

Grammar _ Present perfect and present perfect continuous

Task 6 Study the examples

How long have you been here?

We use the present perfect to talk about an action or event that started in the past

and continues up to the present We often use for and since

Have you ever been posted away?

WORLD ENGLISH We use the present perfect to talk about actions and experiences in the past without P P Pp P

we jU5f got Lai I’ve just got back from my first patrol

We use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the past (often the very recent past) that has an impact on the present We often use already, yet and just

U§

† guí hack ír0Ii:

And what have you been doing since you got here?

We'll, we’ve been sorting out our stores

We use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action or event that started

in the past and continues in the present The present perfect continuous emphasises that an activity or event is still in progress

Private Tom Barley (1) was (be) born in Manchester in the north of England in

1975 He (2) (join) the army straight out of school at 16 Private

Barley (3) (be) in theatre since last December Before deploying here,

his regiment (4) (train) for two months and preparing their vehicles

and equipment ‘We (5 (work) very hard’ he said ‘but the preparation

(6) (really + pay of)” he said

Private Barley only arrived in theatre two months ago, but (7) he

(already + learn) enough of the local language to get by ‘I work in an office

with local nationals and (8) l (practise) every day’ he explained

Tom has been here for less than two weeks, but his unit has already been out on patrol

Writing Task 7 Write a short paragraph describing your career in the military

Include

when you joined the military

your reasons for joining up and for choosing your specialisation

basic training

any special courses you have taken

any operational deployments and exercises abroad

Hurry up and wait

Task 1 Say what you like best about life in the military

ae F

aS

(11]@ Task 2 Listen to the first part of a conversation and answer the questions Where has the man been?

What time was his appointment?

How long was he waiting?

What did the doctor tell him to do?

Why is he angry?

URONF

(12)@ Task 3 Listen to the second part of the conversation and write

1 what the speakers complain about

2 what they like about the army

(12]@ Now listen again and write the examples they give

Expressing strong likes and dislikes

Task 4 Study the examples

It’s what I like best about the army

You know, for me, the best thing about the army is the friendships you make

It’s one of the things that really annoys me about the military

It’s the one thing I can’t stand

The other thing that really annoys me is the paperwork

What I hate is all the time I spend in meetings and briefings

Sentence stress

(13]@ Task 5 Listen and notice how we say the sentences in task 4

{13} @ Now listen again and practise

Task 6 Work in pairs Talk about these topics and say what you like best and least about military life

accommodation food lifestyle orders and discipline

Task 7 Describe the most memorable experience you have had in the military

Task 8 Listen to a conversation Say who talks about

1 a frightening experience

2 a funny experience

Now listen again For each story write

when and where the events took place

who was present

what happened

what happened in the end

how the speaker felt at the time

Talking about memorable experiences

Task 9 Study the examples

introduction: You know, talking about helicopters I think my worst experience ever was in a

helicopter

background: where? when? It was in Sierra Leone a couple of years ago

who? We were ten blokes in this army helicopter flying along at about 100 miles an hour

event: what? Then suddenly, there was this loud crash and the windshield shattered

outcome: Well, we lost about 500 feet and then the co-pilot managed to pull the pilot off

the controls and take over

comment: It was probably the most frightening experience of my life The amazing thing

was, it was just like people say: I saw my life flash before my eyes

Task 10 Order the paragraphs

The training officer at the camp said it was incredible that we made it back

Anyway, Dave got an immediate promotion to Lance Corporal

This soldier called Dave just took over He used our sleeping bags to make a sledge to pull the officer, got the lieutenant’s map and compass and just said Follow

me! After about six hours march, we arrived at our base camp Quite a few of the soldiers had frostbite, but we all made it — including the officer

I think one of the worst experiences I’ve ever had was in Norway last year

We were doing an adventure training exercise There were nine of us; eight

soldiers and an officer — a young second lieutenant

Anyway, we were marching through the snow and suddenly the officer just disappeared I mean, really disappeared He fell down a hole in the ice We managed

to pull the officer out but he was unconscious It was freezing cold and our radio and supplies had also fallen through the ice

(15]@ Now listen to the story and check your answers

Task 11 Answer the questions and make notes about a memorable experience

1 When and where did the events take place? 4 What happened in the end?

2 Who was with you? 5 How did you feel at the time?

Now work in pairs Tell your partner about the experience

Speaking Task5 Work in pairs Discuss the questions

1 Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of unit rotation?

2 Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of individual rotation?

Grammar —_ Contrast and concession

Task 6 Study the examples

Regular armies area | This solution, however, in is not always ideal

Conscripts are always although, but, however, regulars need longer leave

soldiers to re-enlist

soldiers to re-enlist

Now complete the text Use these words

although despite however inspite of while

Managing a professional army is complicated (1) experience with a conscript-based system, a country’s

Ề military and political leadership may not have the experience to manage a regular force One solution is to have

conscript soldiers and regular NCOs (2) this option is also complicated for countries that do not have a strong tradition of mid-level supervisors

(3) the problems of changing to a regular force, many countries are moving in this direction (4)

national defence remains the military's principle function, more and more troops are deploying on conting operations that require soldiers with a range of skills (5) conscripts can be very good if they are well trained,

in peace operations they are probably not as flexible as regulars

Writing Task 7 Work in pairs Write a short report explaining the advantages and

disadvantages of professional and conscript forces for your country

Conscript or professional?

Task 1 Say who are regulars and who are conscripts in your country’s armed forces officers NCOs junior enlisted ranks

Reading Task 2 Work in groups Complete the chart

professional armed forces

When political and military leaders ask What sort of an army will

we need for the 21st Century?, the most common answer is A fully professional army Regular armies may be a good solution for large rich countries However, this solution is not always the best for smaller nations, especially countries with a developing economy The first problem is cultural and social Although a number of countries have a long tradition of voluntary service, in some societies the idea of a professional mercenary army is not widely accepted A second problem is cost Although there may be a high social cost of taking a young man out of education or work, conscript soldiers are quite cheap The

conscript accepts a lower standard of living, he is unaccompanied by his family and he needs little support The regular

soldier, by comparison, is expensive He must be paid at rates similar to the commercial world and be provided with housing and other social support Although, a country might be capable of supporting a very large conscription-based

army, it might only be able to afford a very small regular force For many countries, this will have important

consequences for their national defence

A further problem has to do with readiness and small unit cohesion Since they get little leave, conscripts are always

available for service Regular soldiers, however, require longer leave periods and will frequently be away, either on leave

or on training courses In addition, many conscript-based militaries use unit rotation and replacement which results in high readiness and unit cohesion once units are formed and fully trained Many regular professional militaries, on the other hand, employ individual rotation and replacement This system means a continuous movement of personnel into and out of units and can reduce small unit cohesion and affect readiness In addition, many professional forces have problems in getting soldiers to stay on For example, the British Army, despite paying high salaries to regular soldiers, has many problems getting them to re-enlist after five years of service

Task 3 Read the text again and find a word or phrase that means

1 asystem where an entire unit moves to a theatre, completes its tour of duty and

imêntal system 1 why do some societies reject the idea of professional armed forces?

unit rotation cohesion?

4 whatis the negative effect of individual rotation in professional armies?

Task 4 Answer the questions

Exercise Cold Winter

Task 1 Complete the map key Use these words

| glacier ice cliff refuge rock cliff scree

Now find these features on the map

[draw / re-entrant hill knoll ridge saddle spur steep slo

Task 2 Read the first paragraph and answer the questions

1 Whatis Exercise Cold Winter? 2 What is your role in the exercise?

Now answer the questions

How can you travel to and from the island?

What transport do the lighthouse crew members have?

How long does it normally take the lighthouse crew when they travel to Whale Bay? According to the lighthouse crew, when is it dangerous to travel?

Where you will be able to use your radio to contact the lighthouse crew?

Task 3 Work in pairs Complete the route card

1 lighthouse |Camp1 |0730hrs |14km NNE [4km/h |esy Œ)- he

@) |Campl |Camp2 |030hm |@) km [NW 4km/h |easy 1130 hrs

6 Camp2 |@) 0730hrs |273km |SSE 4km/h [moderate |(G) hrs |

camp1 camp2 daylroute day5route day 6 route

Reading Task 4 Read the text and answer the questions

1 What is your approximate current position?

2 Who has had an accident?

3 Whatis the casualty’s condition?

It is 0800 hrs on March 18, day six of Exercise Cold Winter You left Camp 2 at 0730 hrs this morning and you are

returning to the lighthouse along Razor Ridge Visibility is good but you can see low-lying clouds to the north and you

have given instructions to move faster

You have not been able to contact the lighthouse since you left Camp 1, two days ago but suddenly you hear a faint

sound from the radio The signal is weak but you hear MAYDAY MAYDAY — the international signal for distress The

call is from one of the scientists at Whale Bay The man is very nervous and you have to ask him several times what has

happened He tells you that two days ago, one of the scientists had an accident on a snow vehicle The woman is

seriously injured with a broken leg, a head injury and several broken ribs The snow vehicle — the scientists’ only form

of transport — is damaged and cannot be repaired You promise that you will do everything you can to help and you tell

him to wait for your instructions You look at your watch It is 0805 hrs

|

|

First light:

Last light:

Maximum daytime temperature:

Maximum night time temperature:

Maximum speed on foot:

Shortest crossing of Middle Glacier:

Ỉ |

|

| }

| |

|

Speaking Task 5 Work in groups Decide on your objectives

Now put your objectives in order of importance

Task 6 List all the facts that can affect your plan Use these headings

mission time terrain weather troops logistics and signals

Now say what conclusions you can reach

Task 7 Work in groups Decide on a course of action

Now explain your group’s plan to the rest of the class Use the format

Humanitarian assistance

id

1 How long do you spend on the phone each day at work / at home?

2 Do you make telephone calls in English or in another foreign language? Say who

you speak to and what you speak about

(16}@ Listening Task 2 Listen to a telephone conversation and answer the questions

Who answers the telephone?

Who is calling?

Who does the caller ask to speak to?

Why doesn’t the Executive Officer transfer the call immediately?

What is the purpose of the call?

What does General Crocker instruct his Executive Officer to do?

Functional English © Making telephone calls

(16) @ Task 3 Listen again and complete the conversation

B: Good afternoon Laura This is Colonel Li, the Medical Group Commander

Can you (1) to the General, please?

A: I’m sorry sir, but the Vice Commander (2) Tight now

Bz (3) wuss ? I've got some very important news

A: I'llsee if he can take your call, sir (4) ?

B: 6) , sir and I'll buzz him on the intercom

C: General Crocker speaking

A: Sir, Colonel Li, the Med Group Commander is on line two, he has something urgent

to discuss with you (6) or do you want me to ask him to call back later?

G::0) , we're finishing our meeting Did he say what his news was?

A: Yes sir He said that he needs airlift for his mobile hospital and a medical team but

he didn’t give me any details (8) to you now, sir?

Now underline the phrases the speakers use to

say that someone is busy 5 ask the purpose of a call

ask to speak to someone 6 ask if someone can take a call

offer to transfer a call 7 _ say that he / she will accept a call

ask someone to hold 8 ask to interrupt someone in a meeting

Humanitarian assistance 24

Speaking Task 4 Work in groups Practise the conversation in task 3

Task 5 Label pictures A — D Choose from these words

earthquake famine flood hurricane landslide tsunami

Task 6 Work in pairs Say what natural disasters happen in your country or region

Now say what kind of damage can be caused

(17}@ Listening Task 7 Listen to a conversation and answer the questions

1 What happened in Bam late last night?

2 What orders has Colonel Li received from headquarters?

3 What does Colonel Li request?

4 When will the medical team and equipment be ready?

(171@ Now listen again and answer the questions

1 What is the casualty estimate?

2 What type of aircraft does Colonel Li request?

3 According to General Crocker, what will be the difficult

part of the mission?

4 At the end of the conversation, what does General Crocker tell the colonel to do?

Task 8 Complete the sentences Use these words

heads up what’sup inshortorder good to go hit the ground hit the ground running hot

3 When we ask ., We ask about recent events

4 When we give someone a , We give them a warning or important

information

5 If we say that information i:

6 When we do something

, We're ready to

, that person or equipment is ready

Language tactics Idioms and metaphor

Task 9 An idiom is a phrase with a specific, often metaphorical meaning Decide

whether the underlined words are literal or metaphorical

iL The parachutist hit the ground hard He was lucky that he wasn’t injured

The tough part will be when they hit the ground

This one is hot, sir I just got off the phone with Headquarters

Bam is hot in the summer Temperatures can reach 40° centigrade

The sergeant told the recruits to keep their heads up during drill practice

Thanks for the heads up

2

3

Speaking Task 10 Work in pairs Answer the questions

1 Whatassistance are military forces able to provide during natural disasters?

2 Who are better prepared to respond to natural disasters: humanitarian

organisations or the military?

”

The Ops Commander’s briefing

ceiling length maximum speed payload range wingspan

(18)@ Listening Task 2 Listen to the introduction to a briefing and say

1 whois the briefer

2 the purpose of the briefing

(19]@ Now listen to the first part of the briefing and answer the questions

1 When did the earthquake happen?

2 What was the strength of the earthquake?

3 Whatare the current estimates of the a) dead b) seriously injured c) walking wounded?

What percentage of buildings in Bam have been destroyed?

What is the aircrew’s mission?

Why is the headquarters providing airlift for an NGO medical team?

Why is a C-130 H30 model chosen for the mission?

"0/0 002) D800

ZULU TIME

Zulu time = Greenwich

Mean Time / Universal

Time

Nagase

(z0 ® Task 3 Listen to the second part of the briefing and answer the questions

1 What flight preparations have already been made?

2 Whataction does the briefer instruct the aircrew to take when they enter Iranian airspace?

Why does the briefer instruct the aircrew to stay below 22,000 feet?

Why will the aircrew be flying on visual?

Where will the aircraft refuel for the return flight?

What time will the aircraft be launching?

Ki ion Rapid Hope

"Load: portable field hospital, medical team of (1)

PAX from NGO Ground Control: (7)

(20) Now listen again and complete the notes

PAX (passengers) Frequencies

| Range: (4) nautioal mile Departure: 244.42

Œruieing speed: mach 49 / (5) mph Tehran frequency: (8)

military time: 1930 Zulu; 2330 hrs decimals: 6.3; 6.8

percentages: 85%; 70%

distance: 1,758 nautical miles temperatures: 0°; -10°

radio frequencies: 292.45; 122.1 vehicles, aircraft and equipment: C-130; KC-135

(211}@ Now listen again and practise

Future forms with will Task 5 Study the examples

There will be no ground services, nor any refuelling available on the ground

All flights will avoid the runway and use the taxiways for takeoff and landings

Weather information suggests that daytime temperatures in Bam will probably be zero degrees

We use will to give facts, to give instructions and to talk about scheduled events

We also use will to make predictions, often with an adverb of probability to say

how sure we are of the prediction

You will be launching at zero four hundred Zulu tomorrow morning, July twenty-third will + be + verb + -ing

We use the future continuous to talk about an action that starts at a certain time in the future and continues over a period of time

Now complete the text with the verbs in brackets More than one tense is possible for some answers

Ladies and gentlemen, a lot of press (1) (teport) what you do tonight and the

whole world (2) (watch) you As the lead plane for Operation Provide Hope,

you (3) (be) the first foreign military flight in Iranian airspace, and more significantly, in this flight you (4) (transport) the first international medical

relief in country There (5) (be) a lot of safety hazards involved and so you

(6) (do) this one by the book!

(221@ Task 6 Listen to the briefing and check your answers

Task 7 Student A, look at File 1 Use the notes to write a briefing Student B, look at

File 1 and make questions to ask at the end of the briefing Now Student A, read out your briefing Student B, take notes on the briefing and ask questions

=

The dining facility

Task 1 Work in pairs Answer the questions

1 Where can you eat at your place of work?

2 What kind of food is served?

Task 2 Listen to a conversation and

complete the chart Use these words

Command Chief Master Sergeant Doctors Without Frontiers

Red Crescent Vice Commander

Robert Karpinski 2 Sureyya Bilgin (24) @ Task 3 Listen to the rest of the conversation and answer the questions

1 What does CMSgt Burnell propose?

2 Who accepts the invitation?

3 Who declines the invitation?

4 What do Sureyya and Tom agree to do?

Making, accepting and declining invitations

Task 4 Study the examples

Would you care to join us, sir? Thanks, I’d love to

thanks + accept the invitation

That's very kind, Tom but I’m afraid I really should get back to the office

thanks + decline the invitation and give a reason

Now work in pairs Read track 24 and underline expressions to make, accept and decline invitations

Task 5 Decide which expressions are formal, less formal and neutral

Positive and negative answers

Task 6 We often say Thank you in replies even when the answer is negative Match

the questions with the answers

1 I’mgoing to ask Command Chief Master Sergeant Burnell to look after you

2 Would you like to have something to eat?

3 Would you mind looking after these ladies until then?

a Thank you, but I’m not very hungry

b_ Notatall sỉr

c_ Thank you, but thafs really not necessary

Now say which answers are positive and which are negative.

2 have a coffee in the cafeteria

3 play billiards in the recreation center

4 watch a movie at the base theater

Student B, accept or decline the invitations

Task 8 Work in pairs Answer the questions

1 At your base, do soldiers, NCOs and officers eat in the same mess?

2 How many meals are served each day?

3 Is there a choice of meals?

4 What is your favourite meal?

Task 9 Listen to the conversation and answer true or false

The dining facility only serves lunch They serve typical American food in the dining facility

Hash brown is another word for French fried potatoes

The dining facility is self-service

The dining facility is only for enlisted ranks

You can choose from a full meal, the soup and salad bar or fast food

1 It’sakind / sort / type of bread / cake / casserole / fish / fruit / meat / stew / pasta /

vegetable

It's made with / ‘from cheese / eggs Í fruit / meat | mushrooms / rice / vegetables

It’s baked / boiled / fried / grilled | roasted / steamed / stewed

It’s bitter / bland / hot / salty / savoury / sour / spicy / sweet

It’s served as a / It’s usually a dessert / main course | side dish / starter It’s typical in my country / this region / Air Force dining facilities

DAARWN

Now match the examples with the words

class cooking techniques course flavour ingredients origin

Task 12 Write a description of a dish that is often served in your mess

Now work in pairs Student A, describe your dish Student B, guess what the dish is

29

NGOs and the military

Task 1 Describe your experience working with humanitarian aid workers Talk about

1 the mission / emergency

2 who you worked with

3 your impressions of the people you worked with

Task 2 Complete the sentences Write aid workers or military personnel

typically deploy for a limited period of time

generally work regular hours, often 9.00 a.m to 5.00 p.m

believe that aid should be given to anyone in need

will often distribute aid to achieve political and military objectives

may be seen as combatants and targeted by warring factions or insurgents work neutrally and impartially in the local community

Now read the text and check your answers

is today’s and almost certainly tomorrow’s reality and that military and humanitarian aid workers simply have to learn to

get along

On operations, it is not uncommon to hear words like unprofessional, disorganised and irresponsible when the military talk about relief workers And on the other side, I've heard words such as authoritarian, inflexible and arrogant to describe the military In some cases, these stereotypes do reflect genuine differences but in my opinion they are often based on misunderstanding For example, when the military criticise aid workers for going home at five o’clock while they

are on duty 24-hours a day, they forget that their deployment

is only for a limited period but aid workers will generally spend up to three years in the same place As a rule, the theatre will be home base for aid workers and they will naturally work home base hours

While there are certainly misunderstandings and unfair

stereotypes on both sides, it is also true that there are real

differences that lead to tensions In the first place, relief workers generally believe that aid should be distributed

impartially and to the people who most need it, without

considering ethnic group, gender or faction Military

commanders, on the other hand, typically see aid as a means

to achieve their objectives For example, the military will often use aid as part of a hearts and minds campaign to win local support, in exchange for intelligence or to force belligerents to stop fighting and negotiate — from their point

of view, aid is a military tool to achieve military ends

Another source of tension clearly has to do with the increased dangers for relief workers ‘There's an implicit deal when we go out and do our work’, explains an aid worker for Doctors Without Frontiers in Afghanistan ‘Humanitarian | action remains neutral and impartial and independent And in return, belligerents do not consider us targets of war.’ According to many, this implicit deal breaks down when the military gets involved in aid distribution or when the military and aid workers are seen working together The distinction

between military forces and humanitarian organisations becomes unclear and the result, claim aid workers, has been

a significant increase in the number of personnel killed or kidnapped in recent missions — especially in places like |

Sudan and Afghanistan |

Task 3 Work in pairs Read the text again and answer true or false

The writer believes that

1 the military and aid workers get on well when they work together in providing humanitarian aid

2 civil-military cooperation will beeome more and more important in the future

3 problems between the military and aid workers often reflect a lack of

Task 4 Find words and phrases in the text that mean

1 organisations which work in more than one country and are set up by agreements between governments

2 voluntary organisations that are generally independent of government and

negative meaning Underline the words with negative prefixes in the text

Task 6 Give advice to a colleague who is going to work with aid workers

Comment, example and generalisation

Task 7 Study the examples

example: For example, the military will often use aid as part of a hearts and minds campaign

generalisation: aid workers will generally spend up to three years in the same place

comment: it is also true that there are real differences that lead to tensions

We use words and phrases like for example and generally to express our ideas in a

text

Now underline other words and expressions in the text that make personal

comments, give examples and make generalisations

Task 8 Choose one of these topics for a short article for a professional journal

1 In practice, it is not possible for humanitarian workers to remain neutral in a conflict

2 The role of the military is national defence, not to give out food or to walk children

to school

3 Aid is a military tool to achieve military ends

Task 9 Make a plan for the article Follow these steps

1 Decide whether you generally agree or disagree with the statement

2 Brainstorm a list of arguments that support your position

3 Choose the most important arguments that support your position

4 Find examples to support these arguments

31 Military observer

Task 3 Work in pairs Read the text again and answer true or false

The writer believes that

1 the military and aid workers get on well when they work together in providing humanitarian aid

2 civil-military cooperation will become more and more important in the future

Task 4 Find words and phrases in the text that mean

1 organisations which work in more than one country and are set up by agreements between governments

2 voluntary organisations that are generally independent of government and commercial interests

3 support provided to civilian agencies by a military force whose principle mission

is not humanitarian

4 coordination and cooperation between the military and civilian agencies

Negative prefixes Task 5 Words with prefixes, like anti-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis- and un-, have a

negative meaning Underline the words with negative prefixes in the text

Task 6 Give advice to a colleague who is going to work with aid workers

Comment, example and generalisation

Task7 Study the examples

example: For example, the military will often use aid as part of a hearts and minds campaign

generalisation: aid workers will generally spend up to three years in the same place

comment: it is also true that there are real differences that lead to tensions

We use words and phrases like for example and generally to express our ideas in a text

Now underline other words and expressions in the text that make personal comments, give examples and make generalisations

Task 8 Choose one of these topics for a short article for a professional journal

1 In practice, it is not possible for humanitarian workers to remain neutral in a conflict

2 The role of the military is national defence, not to give out food or to walk children

to school

3 Aid is a military tool to achieve military ends

Task 9 Make a plan for the article Follow these steps

1 Decide whether you generally agree or disagree with the statement

2 Brainstorm a list of arguments that support your position

3 Choose the most important arguments that support your position

4 Find examples to support these arguments

31

services

Even before the earthquake, the humanitarian situation

emergency medical assistance emergency provision of food, water and shelter

Disaster in Temblor

Task 1 Work in pairs Match the disasters with the tasks

droughts earthquakes tsunamis volcanic eruptions

repair and reconstruction

search and rescue

warning and evacuation disposal of dead bodies

Task 2 Read the text and answer the questions

What natural disaster has struck the city of Temblor?

What are the casualty estimates?

What damage has been caused in the city?

Why is Temblor on the edge of a major humanitarian disaster?

in Temblor was critical After four years of civil war, the region’s infrastructure and economy were in ruins Limited agriculture provided just enough food for the local population and 290,000 displaced people, living in tent cities around Temblor, were completely dependent on food aid brought in by trucks The earthquake has severely damaged the region’s infrastructure, including the bridges leading into Temblor, and no food aid is getting into the city Temblor is on the edge of a major humanitarian disaster

Task 3 Work in pairs Decide on the priorities for disaster relief and humanitarian

assistance

Now read the text and compare your answers

Twenty-four hours after the earthquake, air force C-130s began the first airdrops of emergency food and medical supplies and the priority moved to putting search and rescue and medical teams on the ground Satellite photographs showed the runway at Temblor Airport was severely damaged so transport aircraft cannot land until the runway can be repaired The idea of using helicopters has also been rejected The distance to Temblor, local weather conditions including storms and the threat of further tremors make helicopter operations both difficult and dangerous This situation is further complicated by a lack of security on the ground Local warlords have not been active since disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programmes began 14 months ago However, civilian relief workers have reported armed gangs in the streets and wide scale looting They have also reported that local security

forces are not able to deal with the violence

It has been decided that the best option for getting aid

into Temblor is by road convoy The convoy will consist of trucks with food, tents, blankets and medical supplies as well as medical personnel and search and rescue teams The military component will comprise a motorised infantry battalion with an attached cavalry troop mounted in cavalry reconnaissance vehicles (CVRs) together with an engineer squadron tasked to repair both the damaged bridge outside the city and the runway at the airport

The convoy commander has received the following orders: You will proceed to Temblor Airport, occupy and secure the airport and immediately start repairs on the runway At the same time, you will provide security for search and rescue teams, medical teams and food distribution points in Temblor When you reach the city, Tesponsibility for humanitarian actions will pass to the senior UN refugee agency officer You will retain overall responsibility for security.

Task 4 Read the text again and answer the questions

What aid has already reached Temblor?

Why has the use of transport aircraft and helicopters been rejected?

What is the composition of the convoy that is being sent to Temblor?

Why are military engineers attached to the convoy?

Who has command of the mission?

Speaking Task 5 Work in pairs Read the text again and answer the questions

DISASTER RELIEF PLANNING CHECKLIST

1 Situation a What is the humanitarian emergency?

b What information is available about the situation?

c Is the information complete? If not, what information is missing?

d How is the civilian administration coping with the situation?

2 Mission a What is the mission?

b When have you completed your mission?

3 Disaster environment a Are there any immediate environmental dangers in the disaster area?

b Are there any obstacles to movement to or within the disaster area?

c What are the effects of weather and climate on the disaster situation?

4 Factors affecting planning What is the situation of

a the local population d law and order

b public health e housing and shelter

¢ water and sanitation f food

5 Force Protection

a What are the potential dangers and health risks to deploying forces?

b What Rules of Engagement are appropriate?

Boots on the ground

Trouble at Checkpoint Bravo

Task 1 Describe a situation in which you had to negotiate

Task 2 Work in pairs Write do or don’t

When negotiating,

respect local customs and address the person you are dealing with by rank take your time and be patient

interrupt the person you are negotiating with

lose your temper Be firm but also tactful and polite

cause the person you are negotiating with to lose the respect of their colleagues try to understand the interests of the person you are negotiating with

G@ Ơi

Now add more ideas to the list

Listening © Task3 Describe the picture

27,28] @ Task 4 Listen to two conversations For each conversation, say

1 where the conversation takes place 3 how the situation ends

2 what the problem is

27,28) @ Task 5 Listen again and answer the questions

conversation 1

1 Why does the soldier refuse to let the convoy through the checkpoint?

2 What does the soldier want in exchange for letting the convoy through?

3 What does the escort commander say to the soldier to let him through?

4 Whatis the attitude of the escort commander?

conversation 2

1 Who does the escort commander want to talk to?

2 Why does the soldier refuse?

3 What does the soldier say he will do if the escort commander crosses the barrier?

4 Whatis the attitude of the escort commander?

Now say which negotiation is more successful and why

B0ots 0n the gr0und 34

Task 6 To sound more diplomatic, we use words like could, would and might and

phrases like I’m afraid or with respect We also generally avoid negative prefixes in

diplomatic language Decide which sentence is more diplomatic

b_ That's not possible

Sounding firm and sounding angry

(29]@ Task 7 Listen and describe how the speaker sounds

I’m sorry I couldn’t do that This food is for the refugee camp in San Marcos

We are a UN convoy and we have authorisation and you have to let us through

(291 @ Now listen again and complete the chart

4 The person speaks very slowly

Task 8 Work in pairs Turn to track 27, conversation 1 and practise the conversation

Real and unreal conditional sentences

Task 9 Study the examples

You can't go through this checkpoint unless you have a pass

present simple + unless + present simple

If you give us food from the trucks, I’Il let you through

if + present simple + will / can + verb

We use real conditional sentences to talk about real or possible situations

If my commander was here, you could talk to him

Tf you asked your command post, they’d tell you that UN convoys have freedom of

movement

if + past simple + could / would / might + verb

We use unreal conditionals to talk about unreal or unlikely situations We also use this structure to make a proposal diplomatically

Now work in pairs Turn to tracks 27 and 28 and underline the conditional

Task 1 Talk about a time when you worked with an interpreter

Task 2 Work in pairs Write do or don’t

When working with an interpreter,

find out what the interpreter knows about the military

use very technical vocabulary

assume that the person you are dealing with does not speak any English speak carefully and use short sentences

pause and give your interpreter time to translate your message

say things to your interpreter like Now don’t interpret this But

Now add more ideas to the list

Task 3 Listen to the start of a conversation and say

1 where the conversation takes place

2 whoare speaking

3 what is happening

(31) @ Now listen to the rest of the conversation and order the sentences

1 The escort commander issues orders to his platoon sergeant

2 The escort commander asks the guard to speak to his commanding officer

3 The escort commander suggests a solution to the problem

4 The guard says that the convoy cannot go through the checkpoint because the road is closed

5 The guard tells the escort commander that he can continue if he lets him inspect the vehicles

Speaking

Grammar

Writing

Task 4 Answer the questions

1 Why does the guard want to inspect the vehicles?

2 What does the guard want the soldiers in the armoured vehicles to do?

3 Why does the escort commander not do what the guard wants?

4 What solution does the escort commander give?

5 What orders does the escort commander give?

(31]}@ Now listen again and check

Task 5 Work in pairs Describe a difficult or dangerous situation where you were in

charge and say how you dealt with it

Reported speech

Task 6 Study the examples

reporting verb reported clause

He says you can’t go through the checkpoint today

The commander said you could go through the checkpoint but you have to let the

guard inspect the vehicles

He told me that the road is closed

He said that you’d probably be able to go through tomorrow

He said he'll be about five minutes

Now complete the rules Use these words

could simple past (x3) simple present (x3) will would

1 To report what someone is saying, we can put the reporting verb either in the

sonunee tense or in the tense

2 To report what someone said in the past, we usually put the reporting verb in the

tense

3 To report a statement about the past, we change the tense in the reported clause

and we change can to a

4 To report a statement about the present, we usually use the tense for the

verb in the reporting clause However, we can also use the tense to

emphasise that facts are still true

5 To report a statement about the future, we generally use

also use if the reported situation still exists

Task 7 Read the conversation and write a report for your commanding officer You

are the escort commander

guard: I’m sorry You can’t go through the checkpoint today

escort commander: I have a pass signed by the commander of your divisional

headquarters

guard: The road is closed You'll probably be able to go through

tomorrow

escort commander: But I have to be in San Marcos this afternoon

guard: That's not my problem

escort commander: Could you please contact your commanding officer?

guard: You'll have to wait here while I talk to him

37 B0ots 0n the ground

A call home

Task 1 Work in pairs Answer the questions

When you deploy abroad on operations,

1 are you able to contact your family regularly?

2 can you send letters or e-mails?

3 can you make telephone calls?

4 whatare the things that most worry your family?

(32)@ Listening Task2 Listen to the conversation and answer true or false

The news said that a number of British soldiers were injured in a bomb blast

Abomb exploded near the British base

The Royal Air Force said they had reports of British casualties

An Italian soldier was injured by a bomb blast 5

The man believes that television reports are accurate

Functional English Expressing feelings (1) showing anxiety

(33] @ Task 3 Listen again and complete the conversation

Jenny: Oh Rob, what a (1) you called [ was (2) +

Rob: Why?Is(3) ?

Jenny: We were (4) about you!

Rob: Jenny, what's (5 ? Just (6)

Jenny: Oh Rob

Rob: Is it the kids?

Jenny: No, love (7)

Rob: Just (9)

going (10)

and tell me what's happened

- The kids are fine I was (8) about you

and tell me what’s happened Whatever the problem is, it’s

NOW

Now say which expressions the speaker uses to

ask someone why they are afraid or worried

say that they are afraid or worried

tell someone to be quiet or calm

help someone feel less worried

show that they are happy because nothing has happened

Boots 0n the ground 38

Kia Prmuuet Ce

me An

Speaking Task4 Use the phrases in task 3 to write a similar conversation

(34)@ Listening Task5 Listen to the rest of the conversation and answer the questions

Why is Rob calling?

What is his good news?

What is Jenny's reaction?

What is Rob’s bad news?

What is Jenny’s reaction?

(35 ® Now listen to the end of the conversation and answer true or false

1 The battalion is being posted to Cyprus

2 The tour is for six monthe

3 It will be an accompanied tour and the man’s family will go with him

4 The woman is not happy about the new posting

Functional English Expressing feelings (2) reacting to news

Task 6 Study the examples

What do you think about that?

That's fantastic / That's great / wonderful news

Oh, I don't believe it They can't do that!

Come on! Cheer up!

I know just how you feel and I’m not very happy about this either

It’s not the end of the world

We were all really looking forward to having you around

The kids are going to be so excited about living in Cyprus

Now say which expressions the speaker uses to

react to bad news

react to good news

ask someone for their reaction to news

say they feel the same way

express excitement about future plans

persuade someone to look at the positive side of news

Pronunciation Sentence stress (2)

(36 @® Task 7 Listen and underline the stressed words

Oh, that’s wonderful news The kids are going to so happy

I don't believe it They can’t do that!

(36 @ Now listen again and practise

Speaking Task 8 Work in pairs Answer the questions

1 What problems do families experience when a service member is away on an operational tour?

2 What do you most look forward to when you come home after a time away?

39 on the ground