Sách Pre Intensive Writing Task 2-Version 2

Sách " Pre Intensive Writing Task 2-Version 2".

# FOCUS ACTIVITIES Estimated

Linking Words: Revision+ Practice 20 mins 10,11 or 12,13

Practice: Identify elements of a paragraph 30 mins 14, Key: 15

2

- Advantage and

Disadvantage Paragraph

- Languages to describe

advantages and dis

Introduction: A&D paragraph 10 mins N/A

A&D paragraph structure 10 mins 17

Useful language to describe A&D 10 mins 18 or 19

Logical order in a paragraph: Exercise 20 mins 20, Key: 21

Teacher’s feedback& model answer 20 mins 23

Organization of discussion-type essay 10 mins 28 or 29

Introductory phrases to argument-led essays 10 mins 30 or 31

Practice: Writing introduction paragraph 40 mins 32

Teacher’s feedback and model answer 20 mins 33,34,35

4

- Brainstorming and outlining

- Relevant and irrelevant

ideas

Return HW of lesson 2 with comments 25 mins Exercise: How to develop an idea 10 mins 39, Key:40

Exercise: Relevant & Irrelevant ideas 10 mins 41, Key:42

Introduction: Brainstorming and Outlining 10 mins N/A

Exercise: Brainstorming and Outline 30 mins 43

Teacher’s feedback and model answer 20 mins 44,45

5

- Writing conclusion

paragraph

- Discuss others’ opinions

Return HW of lesson 3 with comments 20 mins

Languages to write the conclusion 5 mins 47

Exercise: Discuss other’s opinion 10 mins 48, Key:49

Practice: Outlining and Brainstorming + Writing the conclusion paragraph

Practice: Brainstorming and outlining 15 mins Teacher’s feedback and decide one outline for

the whole class

LESSON CONTENT HOMEWORK

- Advantage and Disadvantage Paragraph

- Languages to describe advantages and disadvantages

Write an advantage/disadvantage paragraph

3

- Discursive essay questions

- Organization of argument-led essay

- Writing introduction paragraph

Write introduction paragraphs

4 - Brainstorming and outlining

- Relevant and irrelevant ideas

Make an outline for a discursive essay

Write introduction and body paragraphs

5 - Writing conclusion paragraph

- Discuss others’ opinions

Write conclusion paragraphs/ Write a discursive essay

6 - Practice: Writing the whole essay

Introduction to writing task 2

Types of question in writing task 2

Paragraph structure

Features of a paragraph

Practice: Identify elements of a paragraph (+Key)

Homework

SAMPLE IELTS WRITING TASK 2 QUESTIONS

TOPIC 1: ………

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

Happiness is considered very important in life

Why is it difficult to define?

What factors are important in achieving happiness?

Give reason for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience

Write at least 250 words

TOPIC 2: ………

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish There should be no government restrictions on what they do

Do you agree with this statement?

Give reason for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience

Write at least 250 words

TOPIC 3: ………

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Some people think that wealthy nations should be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing such things as food and education Others argue that it is responsibility of the governments of poorer nations to look after their citizens themselves

Discuss both views What is your opinion?

You should write at least 250 words

SAMPLE IELTS WRITING TASK 2 QUESTIONS

TOPIC 1: ACCOUNT QUESTION (Cause and Solution Question)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

Happiness is considered very important in life

Why is it difficult to define?

What factors are important in achieving happiness?

Give reason for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience

Write at least 250 words

TOPIC 2: ARGUMENTATIVE QUESTION

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish There should be no government restrictions on what they do

Do you agree with this statement?

Give reason for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience

Write at least 250 words

TOPIC 3: DISCURSIVE QUESTION

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic:

Some people think that wealthy nations should be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing such things as food and education Others argue that it is responsibility of the governments of poorer nations to look after their citizens themselves

Discuss both views What is your opinion?

You should write at least 250 words

.THREE TYPES OF IELTS WRITING TASK 2 QUESTIONS

1 The argumentative questions

This question asks directly for the writer's personal opinion It usually, though not always, has

an additional question after the statement, which may take one of the following forms

- To what extent do you agree or disagree?

- What do you think (of this statement)?

- What is your opinion about ?

- Is it good idea to ?

- To what extent is always good?

- Which of the views do you agree with?

- "Should" starting questions, e.g., Should children be educated at home by their own parents?

- Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the given statement

2 The discursive questions/ the for-and-against questions

This question asks for a discussion of both side of the issue raises It usually has an additional question after the statement, which may take one of the following forms:

- Discuss (this opinion) Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

- Discuss both of the views Which do you agree with?

- Present arguments for and against he above opinion Which one do you agree with?

N.B The second additional question is given to remind you that you are expected to take side after discussing both sides of the issue It doesn't mean that you have to write an argument essay, too

3 Cause and effect or cause and solution questions:

This question asks for an account as the answer It is, therefore, also called Wh question It may take one of the following forms:

- What do you think are some of the problems facing a modern city?

- What is your opinion can be done to help the poor improve their situation?

- Discuss the reason why people move to live in cities

Topic Sentence: ………

o ……… ………

o ……… ………

Supporting Sentence 1: ………

o Developing Sentence 1.1: o Developing Sentence 1.2: o Developing Sentence 1.3 Supporting Sentence 2: ………

o Developing Sentence 2.1 o Developing Sentence 2.2 o Developing Sentence 2.3 Supporting Sentence 3: ………

o Developing Sentence 3.1 o Developing Sentence 3.2 o Developing Sentence 3.3 Concluding Sentence: ………

Topic Sentence:1 Sentence that state the purpose of the paragraph, including 2 parts:

o Topic: What you want to write about

o Controlling Idea (Focus of the topic): The flow of ideas in the paragraph Supporting Sentence 1:The First Supporting idea for the Topic Sentence

o Summary: Paraphrase the topic sentence

o Open a new discussion

FEATURES OF A PARAGRAPH

Topic sentence

o Controls and guides the whole paragraph: when people read the topic sentence, they know what to expect in a paragraph

o Should not be too specific

o Should not be too general

Supporting sentences:

o Each supporting sentence gives ONE supporting idea for the topic sentence

o All supporting sentences are related to the topic sentences and its controlling idea

o Good supporting sentences give information that supports and explains the topic

Concluding sentence: This sentence brings the paragraph to a logical conclusion

There are several ways to conclude a paragraph, including:

o Restate the main idea: Rephrase the topic sentence or summarize the main points of the paragraph

o Offer a suggestion, give an opinion or make a prediction

Using coordination: Coordinating conjunctions are used to link two ………

……… Normally, two clauses are connected with a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction

Using Subordination: Subordinations are used to link ……… within one sentence

Coordination

conjunction

Example sentences

he was afraid of the dog

wind

home

Subordinate Clauses Type of clause Examples of subordinating

conjunctions

Example sentences

……… When, before, after, until, since, as

soon as

When he won the money, he decided to

buy a sports car

……… Because, as, since She got a parking ticket because she

have arrived in time for dinner

………

………

Although, even though Although she thought she was a good

drive r, she got a lot of tickets for speeding

Using transitions: Transitions are used to link ………

……… They can also be used to link ………

EXERCISE: Complete the paragraph with words from the box

even if likewise for example though consequently and although

The main drawback is, in my opinion, quite obvious Take 1………… people of all ages who are

traveling on trains nowadays 2………… they are reading, they are plugged into the radio,

talking on their mobiles, or listening to music on their MP3-players 3………, others are

playing games, watching a film, and working simultaneously, even 4………… they have friends

next to them to talk to 5……… this allows people greater freedom and flexibility 6…………

takes away the boredom of journeys, people are becoming more and more isolated in their own

worlds 7 …………., the art of communication is being lost

Transitions Purpose Transitional words and

phrases

Example sentences

………

In addition, furthermore, moreover, also

The city provides many cultural

opportunities Furthermore, it has a long

and interesting history

………

However, nevertheless, though,

in contrast, on the other hand,

on the contrary

The little boy collected stamps; however,

this hobby never helped him learn geography

……… Therefore, thus, consequently, as a result It rained heavily last night As a result, the

road was so slippery this morning

……… In fact, of course, indeed, certainly The little girl always hates spiders She

was, in fact, terrified of them

………

For example, for instance There are many interesting places to visit in

the city For example, the botanical garden

has numerous displays of plants

………

………

In general, overall, in short Overall, there are 4 types of sentences in a

paragraph: topic, supporting, developing and concluding

………

………

Meanwhile, first, second, then, next, later, finally

Using coordination: Coordinating conjunctions are used to link to two independent clauses within one sentence Normally, two clauses are connected with a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction

Using Subordination: Subordinations are used to linked one independent and one dependent clause within one sentence

Coordination

conjunction

Example sentences

he was afraid of the dog

wind

To show 2 opposing ideas But, Yet He did not study, yet he passed the exam

To show selections Or, Nor We can go to the concert, or we just stay at

home

Subordinate Clauses Type of clause Examples of subordinating

conjunctions

Example sentences

Time When, before, after, until, since,

as soon as

When he won the money, he decided to

buy a sports car

Reason/Cause Because, as, since She got a parking ticket because she

have arrived in time for dinner

Concession

(Unexpected result)

Although, even though Although she thought she was a good

drive r, she got a lot of tickets for speeding

Using transitions: Transitions are used to link two independent clauses within one sentence, separated by a semicolon They can also be used to link sentences

EXERCISE: Complete the paragraph with words from the box

even if likewise for example though consequently and although

The main drawback is, in my opinion, quite obvious Take 1………… people of all ages who are

traveling on trains nowadays 2………… they are reading, they are plugged into the radio,

talking on their mobiles, or listening to music on their MP3-players 3………, others are

playing games, watching a film, and working simultaneously, even 4………… they have friends

next to them to talk to 5……… this allows people greater freedom and flexibility 6…………

takes away the boredom of journeys, people are becoming more and more isolated in their own

worlds 7 …………., the art of communication is being lost

Transitions Purpose Transitional words and

phrases

Example sentences

To add an idea In addition, furthermore,

moreover, also

The city provides many cultural opportunities

Furthermore, it has a long and interesting history

To contrast However, nevertheless,

though, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary

The little boy collected stamps; however, this

hobby never helped him learn geography

To show result Therefore, thus, consequently,

as a result

It rained heavily last night As a result, the road

was so slippery this morning

For example, for instance There are many interesting places to visit in the city

For example, the botanical garden has numerous

displays of plants

To generalize or

summarize

In general, overall, in short Overall, there are 4 types of sentences in a

paragraph: topic, supporting, developing and concluding

To show time or

sequence

Meanwhile, first, second, then, next, later, finally

PRACTICE:

Read this paragraph:

To Shift or Not to Shift

There are many benefits to driving a car with a manual transmission First of all, a

car with a manual transmission uses less gas than a car with an automatic transmission A typical economy car can get up to 35 miles per gallon, but an automatic

car averages 28 In addition to better gas mileage, a manual transmission allows the

drive to start a car that has a low battery With a foot on the clutch, the driver just needs

to put the car in second gear and have someone push the car until it gains enough speed The driver then releases the clutch quickly, and the car should start This is

impossible with an automatic transmission Finally, people with manual transmissions

say that they have much more control of their vehicles For example, if the brakes

suddenly stop working on this type of car, the driver can shift to a lower gear to slow the car down In contrast, people who drive automatic transmission cars have to depend on the automatic system and if something malfunctions, drivers have no control of their vehicles While automatic cars are more convenient, manual transmission cars certainly offer many more advantages

Fill in the table the organization of the paragraph:

Topic sentence

Topic Controlling idea /Focus

Developing idea 3.1 Developing idea 3.2

KEY FOR TEACHERS

Read this paragraph:

To Shift or Not to Shift

There are many benefits to driving a car with a manual transmission First of all, a car with

a manual transmission uses less gas than a car with an automatic transmission A typical

economy car can get up to 35 miles per gallon, but an automatic car averages 28 In addition to

better gas mileage, a manual transmission allows the drive to start a car that has a low battery

With a foot on the clutch, the driver just needs to put the car in second gear and have someone push the car until it gains enough speed The driver then releases the clutch quickly, and the car

should start This is impossible with an automatic transmission Finally, people with manual

transmissions say that they have much more control of their vehicles For example, if the brakes

suddenly stop working on this type of car, the driver can shift to a lower gear to slow the car down In contrast, people who drive automatic transmission cars have to depend on the automatic systemandif something malfunctions, drivers have no control of their vehicles While automatic cars are more convenient, manual transmission cars certainly offer many more advantages

Fill in the table:

Topic sentence Topic Driving a car with a manual transmission

Controlling idea /Focus Benefits Supporting Idea 1:

Less gas

Developing Idea 1.1 Facts

Manual: 35 miles/ gallon Automatic: 28 miles/ gallon Supporting idea 2:

Start car with low

Structure of Advantage and Disadvantage paragraph

Language for advantages and disadvantages

Logical order in a paragraph

Homework

ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE

Topic Sentence:

o Topic: Subject of discussion

o Controlling Idea (Focus of the topic): Advantages OR Disadvantages Supporting Sentence 1:The First Advantage | The first Disadvantage

USEFUL LANGUAGES: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

To introduce the theme:

- There are a number of

Advantages Disadvantages Benefits Dangers Drawbacks

Of [topic]

Related to [topic]

- [Topic]

Contains Has Brings along

good point

disadvantage negative aspect drawback danger

Useful linking words

In the first place,

USEFUL LANGUAGES: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

To introduce the theme:

- There are a number of

Advantages Disadvantages Benefits Dangers Drawbacks

Of [topic]

Related to [topic]

- [Topic]

Contains Has Brings along

good point

disadvantage negative aspect drawback danger

Useful linking words

In the first place,

LOGICAL ORDER IN A PARAGRAPH

Exercise 1: Put the following sentences in the most logical order to create a good paragraph

 Emails are the most valuable tool

a They can exchange ideas and discuss things more often as they are working, and the result

may be a better end product

b This allows people to work together on the same project even if they are on opposite sides

of the world

c Emails have certainly had far-reaching effects on people's ability to communicate

d It is now possible for people to correspond cheaply and at length from anywhere as long as

they have a connection

 Ambition is a negative attribute of a person's character

a This is because, even when they realize an ambition, they are still not satisfied

b It is certainly true that ambitious people do not always create happiness for themselves or

others

c If we look at the businessman who wants to earn a six-figure salary, we see that in most

cases, when he reaches this position, he will still want more power or even a higher salary Exercise 2: Match each of the paragraphs in exercise 1 above with the correct structure:

a General statement- Explanation (reason why the statement is true)- example

b General statement- Explanation (reason why the statement is true)- Analysis (effect)-

Second analysis (second effect)

Exercise 3: Complete each sentence a-f with a word below:

What do you think are the main advantages and disadvantages of portable entertainment devices, such as MP3 or DVD players?

Help difficult interface benefits ideal enable

a These devices bring a number of …………

b The main one, in my opinion, is that they ……… people relax, for example, while they are studying or working in cafes or on trains

c Some people find it ………….to do so when it is completely quiet outside their homes

d So these devices ………… people to relax and create a familiar environment

e Sometimes, however, they do …….with others if the volume is too high, hence the quite zones in many trains

f Nevertheless, laptops, etc are…… , because they allow people to do things where they want to rather than being restricted to working at home

KEY- FOR TEACHERS ONLY

GROUP WRITING:

Write one paragraph to discuss the advantages of wearing the same uniform in schools (100-150 words)

MODEL ANSWER

Write one paragraph to discuss the advantages of wearing the same uniform in schools (100-150 words)

Wearing uniforms give all students equality, identity and pride Primarily, uniforms give

students equality All students do not have the same financial resources and not all of them can

afford expensive clothes Some rich kids might go to school in their designer outfits and despair others who wear normal or even old clothes That will never happen if all students are required

to dress the same Secondly, uniforms give identity Students feel a sense of belonging when

everyone has the same uniform If someone is not behaving well, others will know which school

that person is from according to the uniform Moreover, uniforms give pride If a sports team

does well, students can feel proud together of that accomplishment If a student is a good musician, others can feel proud that they are the student's classmates or schoolmates Hence, students can advertise their school just by wearing their uniforms and be proud of the school

they attend Overall, I think wearing uniform is a good thing, as it makes students feel equal to one another, have a sense of identity and feel proud of their schools

HOMEWORK (TOPIC 1)

Student's name .Class

Write one paragraph to discuss the disadvantages OR advantages of smoking cigarettes (100-150 words)

HOMEWORK (TOPIC 2)

Student's name .Class

In some countries, students are encouraged to work or travel for a year between

finishing high school and starting university studies

Write one paragraph to discuss the advantages OR disadvantages of taking a gap year (100-150 words)

Introduction to discursive essays

Structure of argument-led essays

Writing the introduction paragraph

Language: Introductory phrases to argument-led essays

DISCURSIVE ESSAY QUESTIONS

1 Some people argue that there is no point in persevering old buildings when land is so valuable in our cities Others believe that old buildings are important part of our heritage

and should be preserved

Discuss both of these view and state your opinion

2 In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between

finishing high school and starting university studies

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this

3 In many countries, children are engaged in some kind of paid work Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience,

important for learning and taking responsibility

Discuss both of these views What are your opinions on this?

4 Some people believe that the arts should receive subsidies or sponsorship from government and big companies Others feel such spending is a luxury and that it would

be better if it were invested in scientific projects

Discuss both views and give your own opinion

5 Some people prefer to work for a large company Others prefer to work for a small company

Discuss both choices Which one would you prefer?

ORGANISATION OF A DISCUSSION-TYPE ESSAY

IF YOU SUPPORT THE ADVANTAGES:

Paragraph 1 Introduction

Paragraph 2

Developing sentence 1[DS1.1]: DS1.2: SS2: DS2.1: DS2.2: Paragraph 3

IF YOU SUPPORT THE DISADVANTAGES:

Reserve the order of the body paragraph

Paragraph 2 (Body paragraph 1): Advantages | Agree | Arguments For

Paragraph 3 (Body paragraph 2): Disadvantages| Disagree| Arguments Against

ORGANISATION OF A DISCUSSION-TYPE ESSAY

IF YOU SUPPORT THE ADVANTAGES:

Paragraph 1 Introduction - Background Information to topic

- Statement of essay(thesis statement) : State both sides of the topic

Paragraph 2

(Body paragraph 1)

Disadvantages Disagree Arguments against

Ts: 2 advantages/ 2 reasons for Supporting sentence 1[SS1]: Developing sentence 1[DS1.1]: DS1.2: SS2: DS2.1: DS2.2: Paragraph 3

(Body paragraph 2)

Advantages Agree Argument for

TS: 2 disadvantages/ 2 reasons against SS1: DS1.1: SS2: DS2.1: DS2.2:

- State your opinion

IF YOU SUPPORT THE DISADVANTAGES:

Reserve the order of the body paragraph

Paragraph 2 (Body paragraph 1): Advantages | Agree | Arguments For

Paragraph 3 (Body paragraph 2): Disadvantages| Disagree| Arguments Against

- It

is has been

- On the other hand,

there are also those who

say

that+ clause