Mệnh đề quan hệ hay mệnh đề tính từ Mệnh đề quan hệ hay còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ vì nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa cho.. Đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật: w
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RELATIVE CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề quan hệ) - PHẦN 1
I Tóm tắt bài giảng
A 3 loại mệnh đề:
Mệnh đề danh từ
Ví dụ: I don't understand what the teacher said
That I dislike him is clear
What she like is clear
Whether she loves me or not is unknown
Mệnh đề quan hệ hay mệnh đề tính từ
Mệnh đề quan hệ hay còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ vì nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và đứng ngay
sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa cho
Ví dụ: The man who lent me this book is my father's friend
She is talking to the man who lent me this book
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (Adverbial clauses)
Ví dụ: I won't leave until he answers my question
I will call him once I have finished my job
B Mệnh đề quan hệ
Đại từ quan hệ chỉ người: who - thay thế cho chủ ngữ, whom - thay thế cho tân ngữ, whose +
N - thay thế cho sở hữu cách
The girl who loves me is a teacher
The girl whom I love is a teacher
The girl whose sister loves me is a teacher
The girl whose sister I love is a teacher
That is the girl who loves me
Đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật: which - thay thế cho cả chủ ngữ và tân ngữ, whose / of which – thay
thế cho sở hữu cách
The language which we are learning is the most popular in the world (which là tân ngữ)
We are learning the language which is the most popular in the world (which là chủ ngữ)
Ví dụ:
The house is now in bad condition
Its roof was blown off by the hurricane is now in bad condition
> The house whose roof / the roof of which was blown off by the hurricane is now in bad condition
That: dùng cho cả người và vật, thay thế cho cả chủ ngữ và tân ngữ
Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn: (Restrictive relative clause) và Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn:
(Non-restrictive relative clause)
Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn: The man who / that invented the steam engine was a Scottish
scientist
Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn: James Watt, who invented the steam engine, was a Scottish
scientist > không được thay “who” bằng “that”
Trang 3Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP
That không được thay thế cho sở hữu cách: whose, of which
The man whom / that we are talking about is my teacher
The man about whom we are talking is my teacher Cách dùng này trang trọng hơn
(Khi đưa giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ thì không dùng “that” được.)
Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn trong các trường hợp sau:
- Danh từ riêng (Proper noun)
- Tính từ sở hữu + Danh từ (Ví dụ: my teacher, my little )
- Tính từ chỉ định: that table
II Bài về nhà
Combine the following pairs of sentences
1 Some people live in HongKong They earn a lot of money
2 Well, They said they want a pay rise It is unreasonable
3 We often go to visit our friends in Shekou It is quite near ferry
4 Who was that lady? I saw you with last night
5 Where do those guys come from? You borrowed their car
6 Our boss had a heart attack last week He hasn’t been back to work since
7 That's the man I got the bag from him yesterday
8 Economics is a subject I am very interested in it
9 This is Joanne I gave my notes to her
10 The friend spoke French Jim was travelling with him
11 The ladder began to slip Tom was standing on it
12 This is the city I was born in this city
13 Paul is fitter than you I play tennis with him on weekends
14 The woman said the machine was very good Jim bought the machine from her
15 The chair is in bad shape You are sitting on it
16 She worked for a man The man used to be an athlete
17 They called a lawyer The lawyer lived nearby
18 I sent an email to my brother My brother lives in Australia
19 The customer liked the waitress The waitress was very friendly
20 We broke the computer The computer belonged to my father
21 I dropped a glass The glass was new
22 She loves books The books have happy endings
23 They live in a city The city is in the north of England
24 The man is in the garden The man is wearing a blue jumper
25 The girl works in a bank The girl is from India
26 My sister has three children My sister lives in Australia
27 The waiter was rude The waiter was wearing a blue shirt
28 The money is in the kitchen The money belongs to John
29 The table got broken The table was my grandmother’s
30 The television was stolen The television was bought 20 years ago
31 The fruit is on the table The fruit isn’t fresh
32 We ate the fruit I bought the fruit
33 She bought the computer Her brother had recommended the computer
34 He lost the money I had given him the money
35 We called the taxi company Julie often uses the taxi company
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36 John met a girl I used to employ the girl
37 Lucy called the doctor My mother knows the doctor
38 He brought a woman I used to often meet the woman
39 We employed the lawyer Julie recommended the lawyer
40 The fruit is on the table I bought the fruit
41 The wallet belongs to John Lucy found the wallet in the garden
42 The food was delicious David cooked the food
43 The car was stolen My father gave me the car
44 The man was arrested I reported the man to the police
45 The doctor was right Lucy asked the doctor about her problem
46 The waitress was very pretty My brother dated the waitress
47 The secretary is in the office The boss likes the secretary
KEY
1 Some people who live in HongKong earn a lot of money
2 Well, They said they want a pay rise, which is unreasonable
3 We often go to visit our friends in Shekou, where is quite near ferry
4 Who was that lady, with whom I saw you last night? or Who was that lady, who I saw you with last
night?
5 Where do those guys, whose car you borrowed , come from?
6 Our boss , who had a heart attack last week , hasn’t been back to work since
7 That's the man from whom I got the bag yesterday
8 Economics is a subject in which I am very interested
9 This is Joanne, to whom I gave my notes
10 The friend with whom Jim was travelling spoke French
11 The ladder on which Tom was standing began to slip
12 This is the city in which I was born
13 Paul, which whom I play tennis on weekends , is fitter than you
14 The woman from whom Jim bought the machine said the machine was very good
15 The chair on which you are sitting is in bad shape
16 She worked for a man who / that used to be an athlete
17 They called a lawyer who / that lived nearby
18 I sent an email to my brother who / that lives in Australia
19 The customer liked the waitress who / that was very friendly
20 We broke the computer which / that belonged to my father
21 I dropped a glass which / that was new
22 She loves books which / that have happy endings
23 They live in a city which / that is in the north of England
24 The man who / that is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden
25 The girl who / that is from India works in a bank
26 My sister who / that lives in Australia has three children
27 The waiter who / that was wearing a blue shirt was rude
28 The money which / that belongs to John is in the kitchen
29 The table which / that was my grandmother’s got broken
30 The television which / that was bought 20 years ago was stolen
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31 The fruit which / that isn’t fresh is on the table
32 We ate the fruit (which / that) I bought
33 She bought the computer(which / that) her brother had recommended
34 He lost the money (which / that) I had given him
35 We called the taxi company (which / that) Julie often uses
36 John met a girl (who / that) I used to employ
37 Lucy called the doctor (who / that) my mother knows
38 He brought a woman (who / that) I used to often meet
39 We employed the lawyer (who / that) Julie recommended
40 The fruit (which / that) I bought is on the table
41 The wallet (which / that) Lucy found in the garden belongs to John
42 The food (which / that) David cooked was delicious
43 The car (which / that) my father gave me was stolen
44 The man (who / that) I reported to the police was arrested
45 The doctor (who / that) Lucy asked about her problem was right
46 The waitress (who / that) my brother dated was very pretty
47 The secretary (who / that) the boss likes is in the office
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MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - PHẦN 2
I Tóm tắt bài giảng
* So sánh WHAT với WHICH / THAT
What được dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ (Noun Clause) What = the thing(s) that
Thank you for what ( = the things that) you have done
I can lend you $5 It's all that I have
I don't understand what you mean
They give their children everything that they want
What surprised everybody was John's exam result
* Các trường hợp dùng “that”
Để thay thế cho cụm danh từ bao gồm cả người và vật
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London
Dùng với so sánh hơn nhất, với “the first”, “the last”
This is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen
She was the first / the last person that broke the silence
Lưu ý: Khi các đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho tân ngữ thì có thể bỏ đi
Ví dụ: The girl I met yesterday was beautiful (The girl whom / that I met yesterday was beautiful.)
Dùng với “all”, “only”, các đại từ bất định: anything, everything, nothing
All that I can do for you is to leave you alone
* Mệnh đề nối tiếp: đứng sau dấu phẩy, thay thế cho cả mệnh đề phía trước trước (không phải thay
thế cho danh từ đứng trước nó)
He always tells lie, which makes her sad (Không dùng “that” sau dấu “,”) = That he always tells lies
makes her sad (Trường hợp này không dùng “which”)
S+ V+O, V-ing: Dạng giảm lược mệnh đề quan hệ ở chủ động
Ví dụ: He always tells lie, making her sad
* All of/ most of/none of/neither of/any of/either of/ some of/many of/ much of/ (a) few of/ both
of/ half of/ each of/ one of/ two of …etc + whom/ which
- I tried on three pairs of shoes None of the shoes fitted me
I try on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me
- Mary has three brothers All of them are married
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married
- They asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them
They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
- Tom tried on three jackets, none of which fitted him
- Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office
- They have got three cars They rarely use two of them
They have got three cars, two of which they rarely use
- She has got a lot of friends, many of whom she was at school with
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Lưu ý:
- Vị trí của mệnh đề quan hệ: đứng vào giữa câu, đứng cuối câu
- I own a bar in the Old Quater which opens day and night (Tôi sở hữu một quán bar ở phố cổ
mà mở cửa cả ngày và đêm.)
=>which bổ nghĩa cho “a bar”, không phải bổ nghĩa cho “the Old Quater”
Một số câu hỏi áp dụng (Chữa trong video)
1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive
A who B whose C that D B & C are correct
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in?
A who B whose C whom D A & B are correct
3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing
city in the world
A which B whose C that D A & B are correct
5) This is Henry, sister works for my father
A who B whose C that D All are correct
6) He’s the man people like at first sight
A who B whom C that D All are correct
7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door?
A who B which C that D B & C are correct
8) Where is the girl sells tickets?
A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct
9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains
A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct
10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
II Bài về nhà
Exercise 1 Use the information in the first sentence to complete the second sentence Use all of /
most of etc or the … of + whom / which
1 All of Mary's brothers are married
Mary has three brothers, ………
2 Most of the information we were given was useless
We were given a lot of information, ………
3 Jane has received neither of the letters I sent her
I sent Jane two letters, ………
4 None of the ten people who applied for the job was suitable
Ten people applied for the job, ………
5 Kate hardly ever uses one of her computers
Kate has got two computers, ………
6 Mike gave half of the £50,000 he won to his parents
Mike won £50,000, ………
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7 Both of Julia's sisters are teachers
Julia has two sisters, ………
8 I went to a party - I knew only a few of the people there
There were a lot of people at the party, ………
9 The sides of the road we drove along were lined with trees
We drove along the road, the ………
10 The aim of the company's new business plan is to save money
The company has a new business plan, ………
Exercise 2 Make one sentence from two Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause
You will need to use who(m)/whose/which/where
1 Catherine is very friendly (She lives next door.)
2 We stayed at the Park Hotel (A friend of ours had recommended it.)
3 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol (It is not very far away.)
4 I went to see the doctor (He told me to rest for a few days.)
5 John is one of my closest friends (I have known him for a very long time.)
6 Sheila is away from home a lot (Her job involves a lot of travelling.)
7 The new stadium will be opened next month (It can hold 90,000 people.)
8 Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland (My brother lives there.)
9 A friend of mine helped me to get a job (His father is the manager of a company.)
10 I've got a brother called Rob He lives in Australia He's a doctor
My brother Rob ………
11 There was a strike at the car factory It began ten days ago It is now over
The strike at the car factory ………
12 I was looking for a book this morning I've found it now
I've found
13 London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling
The population of London
14 A job was advertised A lot of people applied for it Few of them had the necessary
qualitications
Few of ……….………
15 Amy has a son She showed me a photograph of him He's a policeman
Amy showed me ………
Exercise 3 Điền đại từ quan hệ thích hợp vào chỗ trống
1 There are few books …… you can read in this book store
2 He asked about the factories and workers ……… he had visited
3 The man………spoke is my father
4 The car …… he bought last Thursday was very cheap
5 Tom …….is my brother won the match
6 This is the best novel ……… I have ever read
7 The first sight ………was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him
8 The waiter …… we gave the tip was very pleased
9 That's the man ……… house was destroyed by a tornado
10 It is the only book …… he bought himself
11 You can take any room ……… you like
12 There is no clothes …… fit you here
Trang 9Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP
13 Which of the books …… had pictures was worth reading?
14 The man over there …….face is dirty saved the child
15 The chair on …… I was sitting broke down
16 It is in this room ……… he was born twenty years ago
17 The pupils …… he was speaking to were very noisy
18 ……… are you speaking to?
19 The crowd ……… was very angry began to shout
KEY
Exercise 1
1 all of whom are married
2 most of which was useless
3 neither of which she has received
4 none of whom was suitable
5 one of which she hardly ever uses
6 half of which he gave to his parents
7 both of whom are teachers
8 only a few of whom I knew
9 (the) sides of which were lined with trees
10 the aim of which is to save money
Exercise 2
1 Catherine, who lives next door, is very friendly
2 We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours had recommended
3 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is not very far away
4 I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days
5 John, whom I have known him for a very long time, is one of my closest friends
6 Sheila, whose job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot
7 The new stadium, which can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month
8 Glasgow, where my brother lives, is the largest city in Scotland
9 A friend of mine, whose father is the manager of a company, helped me to get a job
10 My brother Rob, who lives in Australia, is a doctor
11 The strike at the car factory, which began ten days ago, is now over
12 I've found the book (that / which) I was looking for this morning
13 The population of London, which was once the largest city in the world, is now falling
14 Few of the people who / that applied for the job had the necessary qualitications
15 Amy showed me a photograph of her son, who is a policeman
Exercise 3
1 that 2 that 3 who 4 which 5 who 6 that
7 that 8 whom 9 whose 10 that 11 that 12 that
13 that 14 whose 15 which 16 that 17 whom 18 who
19 which
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RELATIVE CLAUSE - PHẦN 3
When / where / why = pre + which
I Tóm tắt bài giảng
1 Where: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there)
Eg: This is the house We often stay in the house in the summer
This is the house where we used to live = This is the house in which we used to live = This is
the house which we used to live in
I'm calling from the bar The bar is very noisy
The bar which I'm calling from is very noisy = The bar from which I'm calling is very noisy =
The bar where I'm calling is very noisy
2 When: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ thời gian, dùng thay cho at, on, in +
which
Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting (= on which)
The days on which / when I lived far from home were the saddest ones
I’ll never forget the day when I met her (=on which)
3 Why: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason”
why = the reason why / the cause why
Eg: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad
The reason why I came late this morning was that my alarm clock didn't go of
He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before
EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES (Bài tập chữa trong video)
Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb
1 She is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met this woman
2 This doctor is famous You visited him yesterday
3 These children are orphans She is taking care of these children
4 The two young men are not good persons You are acquainted with them
5 My father goes swimming everyday You met him this morning
6 The man is my father I respect this man most
7 The man is my father I respect his opinion most
8 Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday
9 I’ll introduce you to the man His support is necessary for your project
10 The middle-aged man is the director My father is talking to him
11 The boy is my cousin You make fun of him
12 The student is from china He sits next to me
13 I thanked the woman This woman had helped me
14 The professor is excellent I am taking his course
15 Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me I had come to see him
16 I saw a lot of people and horses They went to market
17 Tom has three sisters All of them are married
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18 I recently went back to Paris It is still as beautiful as a pearl
19 I recently went back to Paris I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago
20 Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio
21 You didn’t tell us the reason We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason
22 The day was rainy She left on that day
23 I’ve sent him two letters He has received neither of them
24 That man is an artist I don’t remember the man’s name
25 One of the elephants had only one tusk We saw these elephants at the zoo
26 That car belongs to Dr Clark Its engine is very good
27 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it
28 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year
29 Rod Lee has won an Oscar I know his sister
30 Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it
31 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out
32 7.05 is the time My plane arrives then
33 Max isn’t home yet That worries me
34 Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green
35 Last week I went to see the house I used to live in it
36 I don’t know the girl’s name She’s just gone into the hall
37 Be sure to follow the instructions They are given at the top of the page
38 Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place Its water is always blue
KEY TO EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
1 She is the most intelligent woman (that) I’ve ever met
2.This doctor, whom you visited yesterday, is famous
3 These children,whom she is taking care of, are orphans
4 The two young men, whom you are acquainted with, are not good persons
5 My father, whom you met this morning, goes swimming everyday
6 The man whom I respect most is my father
7 The man whose opinion I respect most is my father
8 Mary and Margaret whom you met yesterday are twins
9 I’ll introduce you to the man whose support is necessary for your project
10 The middle-aged man is the director whom my father is talking to
11 The boy whom you make fun of is my cousin
12 The student who sits next to me is from China
13 I thanked the woman who had helped me
14 The professor whose course I am taking is excellent
15 Mr Smith, who I had come to see, said he was too busy to speak to me
16 I saw a lot of people and horses that went to the market
17 Tom has three sisters, all of whom are married
18 I recently went back to Paris, which is still as beautiful as a pearl
19 I recently went back to Paris, in which I was born nearly 50 years ago
20.Do you know the music which is being played on the radio?
21 You didn’t tell us the reason for which we have to cut down our daily expenses
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22 The day on which/when she left was rainy
23 I’ve sent him two letters, neither of which he has received
24 That man, whose name I don’t remember, is an artist
25 One of the elephants which we saw at the zoo had only one tusk
26 That car, the engine of which is very good, belongs to Dr Clark
27 Thank you very much for the present which you sent me
28 This is Mrs Jones, whose son won the championship last year
29 I’ll introduce you the man whose support is necessary for your project
30 Rod Lee, whose sister I know has won an Oscar
31 Is this the style of hair which your wife wants to have?
32 A man who answered the phone said Tom was out
33 7.05 is the time at which my plane arrives
34 Max isn’t home yet, which worries me
35 Do you know the building the windows of which are painted green?
36 Last week I went to see the house in which I used to live
37 I don’t know the name of the girl who has just gone into the hall
38 Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page
39 Hoan Kiem lake, the water of which is always blue, is a historical place
II Bài về nhà
Exercise 1 Combine each pair of sentences into one, using relative clauses:
1 The pub is opposite the Town Hall I first met my wife there
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13 These are the books I use them in the class
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1 I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop
1 The pub where I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall
2 He was sitting on a chair which was uncomfortable
3 He smokes cigarettes which are very strong
4 Let me see the pictures which you took at Peter's wedding
5 I don't like some people who/that only think about money
6 Do you know that lady, whose car I repaired ?
7 John has bought a house where / in which there are ghosts
8 The police have caught a man who stole £10,000 from a bank
9 I have lost bananas which I bought this morning
10 Could you iron those trousers,which are hanging up behind the door?
11 He worked with some people who/that thought he was stupid
12 When I looked through the window I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away
13 These are the books which I use in the class
14 That's the name which I couldn't remember yesterday
15 The film is about two people whose plane crashed in the jungle
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16 The film is about a king whose ambition was to rule the world
17 They are the people whom I was talking about
18 That is the tunnel which I went through
19 He's the criminal whom the police are looking for
20 My flat, which was built in the 1920s ,is in an old part of the city
21 There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood where/in which I live
22 My neighbour, who works on the fruit farms around the city, comes from Ecuador
23 The neighbour whose flat is above mine makes a lot of noise walking around
24 The traffic which passes my flat is also very noisy
25 The local market which is a two-minute walk from my flat sells excellent local produce
26 John is speaking to his boss,who is a famous writer
27 I like the town where you live
28 I like the painting which is in this room
29 The man who looked very pale was sick
30 He was sitting in the emergency room which was very crowded
31 She gave the man an injection which made him go to sleep
32 This is the bank which we borrowed the money from
33 I lent you a book which was written by one my friends
34 Do you know a restaurant where we can have a good meal?
Exercise 2
1 I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop in which you can find valuable books
2 The police want to know the hotel at which Mr Bush stayed two weeks ago
3 The reasons for which I’m scolded by the teacher are basic grammatical ones
4 I have not decided the day on which I’ll go to London
5 The airport at which we are going to arrive is the most modern one
6 She doesn’t want to speak to the cause for which she divorced her husband
7 The teacher with whom we studied last year is Mr Pike
8 The problem in which we are very interested has been discussed in class
9 Many diseases of which people died years ago are no longer dangerous
10 Do you see my pen,with which I have just written the lesson ?
11 I like standing at the windows from which I can see the park
12 The boy of whom you made fun is my cousin
13 This is rare opportunity of which you should take advantage to get a better job
14 This matter, to which you should pay attention, is of great importance
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GIẢM MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE
(V - ing / PII / to V / noun phrase)
I Tóm tắt bài giảng
1) Dùng cụm Ving: Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động
- The man who is standing there is my brother The man standing there is my brother
- The girl who bought this cat is beautiful The girl buying this cat is beautiful
- The students who don't do their homework will be punished
The students not doing their homework will be punished
* Lưu ý: Khi có giới từ thì không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, chỉ có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ
Ví dụ:
The man whom I am talking about is handsome không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, chỉ có thể
lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ “whom”: The man I am talking about is handsome
2) Dùng cụm P.P: Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động
I like books which were written by NguyenDu
I like books written by NguyenDu
3) Dùng cụm to inf
Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa :
- ONLY,LAST, số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND
This is the only student who can do the problem
This is the only student to do the problem
- Động từ là HAVE/HAD
I have many homework that I must do
I have many homework to do
- Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today
There are six letters to be written today
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
* Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất)
- We have a rack which we hang our coat on ( Chúng tôi có một cái giá để treo quần áo lên.)
We have a rack to hang our coat on
- We have a peg on which we can hang our coat
We have a peg to hang our coat on
* Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf
- We have some picture books that children can read
- We have some picture books for children to read
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we, you, everyone thì có thể không cần
ghi ra Ví dụ:
Trang 17Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP
- Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about
- Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us) to think about
4) Dùng cụm danh từ - noun phrase ( đồng chủ ngữ )
- Do you like the book which is on the table? Do you like the book on the table?
- Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is beautiful Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is beautiful
Bài tập vận dụng
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V hoặc Vto
1 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
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16 The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
5 Câu nhấn mạnh (Emphatic form)
It is / was + … + that / who / whom / which + verb + clause
Ví dụ: Alex won the prize in 2005
It was Alex who / that won the prize in 2005
It was the prize that / which Alex won in 2005
It was in 2005 that Alex won the prize
(Không dùng: It was in 2005 when Alex won the prize )
II Bài về nhà
Bài 1 Rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây
1) We had a river in which we could swim
2) Here are some accounts that you must check
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3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom
4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN
5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad
6) I was the only one who realized him
7) I have some homework which I must do tonight
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at
the motel
10) There are six reports which have to be typed today
Bài 2 Rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây
1) Dalat, which is best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather
2) Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the
wild
3) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America
4) She is the only woman who was appointed to the board
5) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush with which I can sweep it
6) A person who serves in a shop is called a shop assistant
7) John, who is my friend, has studied English for ten years
8) There are many exercises that we have to finish before school
9) The mistakes which you have to correct are very important
10) We have a few exercises that we have to do
Bài 3 Rewrite the following sentences:
1 Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page
2 The queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island
3 Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly gowing industrial and
agricultural
4 The country now has 300 power stations All of them are part of a national network
5 The picture is beautiful Tom is looking at it
6 Where can I catch the bus? - It goes downtown
7 I have a class It begins at 8 a.m
8 Mr Marks, whose farm the stream flows across, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam
9 The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary
10 He was the first man who left the burning building
Bài 4 Rút gọn các mệnh đề quan hệ sau bằng cách sử dụng tính từ ghép
1) I've just bought a house which has five storeys
2) Have you ever seen a cow which has six legs ?
3) The girl who is ten years old is my sister
4) Give me the note which costs ten dollars
5) Vietnamese students have a summer holiday which lasts 3 months
6) We have two breaks which last 30 minutes
7) That is a car which has three wheels
8) The man who has one leg looks at me angrily
9) The snake which has two heads is not found
Trang 20Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP
10) Mikoon is a monster which has 6 heads
KEY
Bài 1
1) We had a river to swim in
2) Here are some accounts for you to check
3) Tom was the last student to be interviewed
4) We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN
5) My father, a pilot, often goes abroad
6) I was the only one to realize him
7) I have some homework to do tonight
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel
10) There are six reports to be typed today
Bài 2
1) Dalat, best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather
2) Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the wild
3) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America
4) She is the only woman to be appointed to the board
5) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush to sweep it with
6) The person serving in a shop is called a shop assistant
7) John, my friend, has studied English for ten years
8) There are many exercises for us to finish before school
9) The mistakes for you to correct are very important
10) We have a few exercises to do
Những vấn đề cần lưu ý :
- Nhớ đem giới từ (nếu có ) trước which/whom ra phía sau (câu 5 )
- Chỉ bỏ for sb khi nào có ý chung chung chứ không phải thấy you và we là có thể bỏ được (câu 8,9)
Bài 3
1 Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page
2 The queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the island
3 Arizona, once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly growing industrial and agricultural
4 The country now has 300 power stations, all of which are part of a national network
5 The picture at which Tom is lookịng is beautiful
6 Where can I catch the bus going downtown?
7 I have a class beginning at 8 a.m
8 Mr Marks, across whose farm the stream flows, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam
9 The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary
10 He was the first man to leave the burning building
Bài 4
1) I've just bought a five- storey house
2) Have you ever seen a six-leg cow?
3) The ten- yea-old girl is my sister
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4) Give me the ten- dollar note
5) Vietnamese students have a three- month summer holiday
6) We have two thirty- minute breaks
7) That is a three- wheel car
8) The one-leg man looks at me angrily
9) The two- head snake is not found
10) Mikoon is a six-head monster