Term english for electrical engineer d08 k50

Mẫu tương đối28 Electrostatic field Trường tĩnh điện 37 √ The square root of/ root of 38 R² X³ R square root/ X cubed 39 < Less than 40 ≤ Less than or equal to Unit 2: Electric current -

UNIT 1 ELECTROSTATIC FORCES AND THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER

dương

3 The halogen

element

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine

4 Cyclotron An accelerator (an apparatus that makes the

particles accelerate – go faster and faster) that gives energies of several million electron – volts to

atomic-sized

Máy gia tốc cộng hưởng từ

5 Charged body Something that has an electric charge Hạt mang điện

6 Matter That of which all things are made Vật chất

8 Ion An atom, group of atoms or a molecule that lacks its

full number of electrons (positive) or has too many electrons (negative)

9 Apparatus Either a piece of equipment Bộ phận, thiết

bị

10 Chemical inert Not reacting chemically with other things (these

inert gases do not easily form any chemical compounds)

law The force acting between two charged bodies in air is proportional to the product of the charges, and

inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

13 Atom The smallest amount of a chemical element Nguyên tử

14 Nucleus Is composed of particles with positive charge called

protons, and other particles of about the same mass but with no resultant electric charge, these are called neutrons

Hạt nhân, nhân

15 Ionization

energy Energy which is necessary to remove an electron from an atom, according to the orbital arrangement

of the electrons in the atom

Năng lượng ion hóa

16 Ionic valence

force The force of attraction between ions of opposite charge Lực liên kết hóa trị

17 Molecule The smallest particle of any substance which still

has the original chemical properties of the substance Phân tử

Mẫu tương đối

28 Electrostatic

field

Trường tĩnh điện

37 √ The square root of/ root of

38 R² X³ R square root/ X cubed

39 < Less than

40 ≤ Less than or equal to

Unit 2:

Electric current - Electromotive force – Potential difference - Conductors and

insulators – Ohm’s law

No Term Explanation

1 Conductor Something that allow heat, electricity,

light, sound pass along or through it Chất/ Vật dẫn điện

2 Drive Force ( batteries and generators force their

free electrons to move continuously from one terminal to another)

different/ Voltage _Difference between two terminals in electric field

_The work done in moving a unit electric charge between two terminals in electric field

Hiệu điện thế

6 Insulator Material or device that prevents or reduces

the passage of heat, electricity, or sound Chất/ Vật cách điện

7 Unit charge A charge of one in any system of

measurement used

Đơn vị điện tích

8 Resistor A component of an electrical circuit that

have resistance and is used to control the following of electric current

Định luật Ohm

12 Terminal Connection into an electric circuit Cực

13 Ebonite Hard rubber produced by vulcanizing

natural rubber with large amount of sulfur 1 loại cao su tự nhiên cứng

14 Graphite A soft dark carbon that conducts

unit Unit that can be arbitrary (e.g second, metre…) Đơn vị cơ bản

2 Derived unit Combination of arbitrary unit (e.g kilometer

per hour…)

Đơn vị dẫn suất

3 System of units System of fundamental and derived units

which enable us to express all the quantities of one or more branches of physics

Hệ đơn vị

4 CGS system System whose fundamental units are

centimeter, gram, second Hệ (đơn vị) CGS, hệ

9 The newton

(unit of force) Force which gives to a mass of kilogram an acceleration of 1 metre per second per second Niu tơn (đơn vị của lực)

10 The joule (unit

of energy or

work)

The work done when the point of application

of the newton is displaced a distance of 1 metre in the direction of force

Jun (đơn vị công hay năng lượng)

11 The watt (unit of

12 The ampere Constant current, if maintain in two straight

parallel conductors of infinite length and negligible cross-sections and placed 1 metre apart in a vacuum, will produce between these conductors a force equal to 2*10-7 newton per metre of length

Ampe

13 The volt Difference of electric potential between two

points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between these points is equal to 1 watt

Vôn (đơn vị điện thế và sức điện động)

14 The ohm Electrical resistance between two points of a

conductor when a constant difference of potential between these two points produces in the conductor a current of 1 ampere

Ôm (đơn vị điện trở)

15 The coulomb Quantity of electricity transported in 1 second

by a current of 1 ampere

Culông

UNIT 4 ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

No Terms Definition

1 In series Way of connecting components “end to end”,

so that the current flows through each in turn

Mắc nối tiếp

2 Configuration Arrangement of part Sắp xếp bộ phận

3 In parallel Components connected so that each receives

the full voltage at the same time, with part of the current flowing each in turn

10 Conductance Reciprocal of resistance Trở kháng

is always the same

Định luật bảo toàn năng lượng:

12 Kinetic energy The energy possessed by a mass by virtue of

17 Power The amount of energy transformed or

transmitted per unit of time

P = R.I2 The heat energy produced in a unit of time is

proportional to the resistance and to the square

of the current

Định luật Jun: Nhiệt năng sinh ra trong một đơn vị thời gian

tỉ lệ thuận với điện trở và tỉ lệ nghịch với bình phương cương độ dòng điện

20 The power loss The electric power that changed into heat Công hao phí

21 Voltage drop The difference of potential across the

terminals of the wire Sự giảm thế

22 Conductance a measure of the ability of an object or

substance to transmit electricity, expressed as the reciprocal of resistance

Độ dẫn điện

23 Kirchhoff’s

first law In an electric network, the algebraic sum of the current that meet at a junction point is zero

Trong một mạng điện, tổng đại số của dòng điện tại điểm nút bằng 0

Định luật 1 Kirchhoff

24 Kirchhoff’s

second law

The sum of the products of current and resistances in each part of any closed loop in a network is equal to the algebraic sum of the electromotive forces in that loop

Định luật 2 Kirchhoff

UNIT 5 ELECTROCHEMISTRY- ELECTROLYSIS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CELLS ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE

No Term Explanation

1 Electrochemistry A branch of chemistry that studies chemical

change associated with electrons and electricity

Điện hóa học

2 Electrolysis The conduction of electricity through sth

melted or dissolved in order to induce decomposition of the melted or dissolved chemical into its components

Sự điện phân

3 Electromotive

force A force that causes the flow of electricity from one point to another Suất điện động

4 Electrolyte A chemical compound that separates into

ions in a solution or when molten, and is able

to conduct electricity

Chất, dung dịch điện phân

5 Electrode A conductor through which electricity enters

or leaves sth such as a battery or a piece of electrical equipment

Điện cực

6 Anode The positive electrode in an electrolytic cell Điện cực dương

7 Cathode The negative electrode in an electrolytic cell Điện cực âm

8 Dissociate Split sth into simpler parts Tách, phân ra

9 Electrolytic

dissociation

Sự phân li chất điện phân

10 Liberate To release sth such as gas from combination

in a chemical compound during a chemical reaction

Giải phóng

12 Electroplate Coat a surface with a metal (usually silver)

Hiệu ứng đối lưu

17 Primary cell An electrical cell that uses an irreversible

chemical reaction to generate electricity and can not be recharged

Pin sơ cấp

18 Secondary cell An electric cell in which electricity is

produced by a reversible chemical reaction

Therefore, it is rechargeable and able to store electrical energy

Pin thứ cấp

19 Displacement Moved from one place to another Sự dịch chuyển

20 Fused Melted, made into liquid by heat Nóng chảy

21 Accumulator Storage cell Awcsqui có thể

23 Fuel cell Cell that produces electricity by the

oxidation of a fuel used in space vehicles

Pin nhiên liệu

24 Dilute Mixed with water Pha loãng

25 Battery Two or more cells connected in series or in

26 Inter-

conversion The mutual conversion from between 2 things Chuyển đổi, trao đổi

27 Medium Sth used to achieve sth else

Substances through which force, etc passes Phương tiện, môi trường

28 Voltaic Pertaining to electricity produced by

chemical action or by surface contact and friction

30 Table salt Fine salt suitable for use on food that has

been served out

34 Distill To purify a liquid by boiling it and then

condensing its vapor, or undergo purification

in this way

Chưng cất

36 Reduction A chemical reaction that brings about a gain

in hydrogen, a loss of oxygen or an increase

in electrons

Sự khử

37 Oxidation The process of losing electrons from a

chemical element or compound

Sự oxi hóa

khử

UNIT 6 ELECTROSTATICS- ELECTRIC FIELDS- CAPACITOR

No Term Explanation

1 Vector A physical quantity for which we must

state a direction to define it completely Vec-tơ

4 Capacitor Device that gives capacitance , usually

consisting of conducting plates Tụ điện

5 Capacitance The ability of a substance to store an

electric chargeThe ratio between charge and potential difference: C= Q/ V

Điện dung

6 Neglect Take no account of, disregard Bỏ qua

7 Equipotential No potential difference between any 2

points of conducting body Đẳng thế

8 Polarization

charges

Charges on the surfaces of an insulator Điện tích phân cực

9 Electric field A space in the stressed condition

Region around an electric charge in which an electric force is exerted on another charge

14 Adjacent Situated near or close to sth or each

other, especially without touching Gần kề, lân cận

15 Impregnate Saturate material: To incorporate a

chemical into a porous material such as wood or cloth, especially by soaking it thoroughly with a liquid

19 Offset Counterbalance Đối trọng

20 Coefficient A numerical constant that is a measure

of a property of a substance

Hệ số

21 Impedance (Z) The opposition in an electrical circuit the

flow of alternating current, consisting of resistance and reactance

Trở kháng

UNIT 7 MAGNETISM

2 Paramagnetic material Elements and metals have slight

magnetic properties vật liệu thuận từ

3 Diamagnetic materials Materials have magnetic properties

less than those of a vacuum vật liệu ngịch từ

4 Electron spin Each electron is spinning about an

axis through its centre

Spin electron

5 Iron filings Small piece of iron that removed by

the file from a piece of iron mạ sắt

6 Axis An imaginary line about which a

body rotates

trục

7 Alignment Being in line sự sắp xếp

8 Shells Imaginary spheres around the nucleus

on the surface of which groups of electron may be considered to obit

Khung hộp

10 Turn One of the complete rings of wire

which together make a coil

vòng

Magnetic flux- Permeability- Magnetic circuits- Induced electromotive force-

Self and mutual inductances

1 Line of flux An endless lines of induction that

represent direction and the flow at any point

từ thông

2 Tube of flux The tube of flux being any closed tube

that is bounded by the lines of flux

increased Increased with no fixed limit tăng vô hạn

6 Hysteresis Delay in the production in the elastic

and magnetic behavior of matter hiện tượng trễ từ

7 Coercive force The strength of the magnetic field

needed to demagnetize a given substance

từ kháng

8 Toroid The surface generated by the revolution

of a plane closed curve about an axis lying in its plane which does not intersect it

hình vòng xuyến

9 Plotting Preparing a curve or a graph of the two

values

vẽ đồ thị

10 A portion at a time Portion by portion từng phần một

11 Induction The magnetic flux per unit area of a

section normal to the direction of flux

Measured in Gauss, in the system of units

Cảm ứng

12 Permeability The quality or state of being permeable Độ thấm từ

13 Ferromagnetic

materials A material whose permeability is very much larger than 1 (from 60 to several

thousand times 1), and which exhibits hysteresis phenomena

Đường từ hóa

15 Point of magnetic

saturation The density B approaches an upper limit when H is indefinitely increased Điểm bão hòa từ

16 Saturation The condition under which all

elementary magnetic moments have become oriented in one direction A ferromagnetic material is saturated

Bão hòa

when an increase in the applied magnetizing force produces no increase

in induction Saturation flux densities for steels are in the range of 16,000 to 20,000 Gauss

17 Residual flux

density

The magnetic flux density that remains

in a ferromagnetic material when H has been reduced to zero

Mật độ từ thông còn dư

18 Magnetomotive

force

Analogous to voltage in electrical circuits, this is the magnetic potential difference between any two points

Xuất từ động

19 Reluctance Analogous to resistance in an electrical

circuit, reluctance is related to the magnetomotive force, F, and the magnetic flux by the equation R = F/

(Magnetic Flux), paralleling Ohm's Law where F is the magnetomotive force (in cgs units)

Từ trở

20 Electromagnetic

induction The phenomenon of a variation in the value of the magnetic flux gives rise to

an electromotive force in the circuit

21 Magnetic flux The total magnetic induction over a

given area When the magnetic induction, B, is uniformly distributed over an area A, Magnetic Flux = BA

Đường sức từ

22 Self-inductance Induction in a circuit due to the action

of one portion of a current upon an adjacent portion during periods of varying current strength

Hiện tượng tự cảm

23 Mutual inductance Inductance measured in circuit: a

measure of the change in the electromotive force of a circuit caused by a change in the current flowing through an associated circuit It is given as the ratio of the electromotive force induced to the rate of current change producing it.

Hiện tượng Hỗ cảm

24 Residual induction This is the point at which the hysteresis

loop crosses the B axis at zero magnetizing force, and represents the maximum flux output from the given magnet material By definition, this point occurs at zero air gap, and therefore cannot be seen in practical use of magnet materials

Độ cảm ứng từ dư

25 Magnetic circuit An assembly consisting of some or all

of the following: permanent magnets, Mạch từ

ferromagnetic conduction elements, air gaps, electrical currents.

26 Leakage flux That portion of the magnetic flux that is

lost through leakage in the magnetic circuit due to saturation or air-gaps, and

is therefore unable to be used

Từ thông rò

27 Hysteresis loop A closed curve obtained for a material

by plotting corresponding values of magnetic induction, B, (on the abscissa) against magnetizing force, H, (on the ordinate)

Vòng từ trễ

28 Flux The condition existing in a medium

subjected to a magnetizing force This quantity is characterized by the fact that an electromotive force is induced

in a conductor surrounding the flux at any time the flux changes in

magnitude

dòng

Unit 9 DIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS AND MOTORS

đổi

2 Torque The agency producing or tending to produce

3 Mounted (on sth) Fixed, positioned Gắn lên

4 Wedge An object the side of which is similar in shape to

an isosceles triangle with an apex of less than 60o Cái chốt

5 Clamping flanges A projecting edge being fasten tightly for

strengthening or attachment purposes Kẹp đàn hồi

6 Segment On of a series of separable parts which together

7 Spider The central part of the armature core Đế hình sao

8 Angle of shift Angle through which the brushes must be moved

to change their position

Góc nâng

9 Yoke A joining or coupling element Bệ đựng nam

châm

10 Isosceles

Triangle A triangle in which two of the sides are conguent (equal) Tam giác cân

11 Apex The tip, top, point, or angular

summit of anything

Đỉnh cao nhất

12 Armature One of the two principal electrical components of

an electromechanical machine a motor or generator

Cảm ứng