GERUND AND INFINITIVE

ly thuyet va bai tap gerung and infinitive duoc giao vien Ho Thi Hanh Nhan suu tam va bien soan theo chuong trinh anh van can ban lop 10 nham giup hoc sinh cung co kien thuc ngu phap theo tung don vi bai hoc. I. GERUNDS (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ) Danh động từ (Ving) được dùng: 1. Sau các cụm động từ be used to get used to: quen với, trở nên quen với look forward to : mong đợi can’t stand = can bear: không thể chịu được It’s no use it’s no good : không có lợi ích gì be busy : bận rộn be worth : có giá trị feel like : cảm thấy thích (BỔ SUNG)  HAVE difficulty trouble +Ving  WASTE SPEND time money + Ving  KEEP + O + Ving  PREVENT + O + Ving  FIND + O + Ving  CATCH + O + Ving: bắt gặp ai đó đang làm gì e.g. If she catches you reading her diary, she will be furious. 2. Sau các giới từ ( on, at, about, from, to, without …) e.g. She is interested in going shopping. 3. Đứng đầu làm chủ ngữ E.g. Playing soccer is my favorite sport. 4. Sau các động từ Mind: thấy phiền imagine: tưởng tượng Finish: hoàn thành admit: thừa nhận Deny: chối cải, delay: trì hoãn practise: thực hành Enjoy: thích thú = like= prefer Continue = keep: tiếp tục Consider: xem như, xem xét Avoid: tránh Appreciate: coi trọng Postpone: trì hoãn Hate=dislike: ghét ko thích love Miss: bỏ lỡ Fancy: muốn, thích Involve: dính líu II. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO : (toinfinitive) 1. Đứng đầu làm chủ ngữ e.g. To become a famous singer is her dream 2. Sau các tính từ : glad , happy , ready …….. S+ BE + ADJ + to + V e.g: It’s difficult to do that exercise. 3. Trong cấu trúc : a. IT + TAKES TOOK + O(mehimheryou…) + time + to + V(TO INF): AI ĐÓ MẤT BAO LÂU ĐỂ LÀM GÌ (= S (người) + WASTESPEND + timemoney + Ving) (bổ sung) E.g. It took him fifteen minutes to walk to school = He spent 15 minutes walking to school. b. IT + TO BE + ADJ. + TO INF: THẬT ….ĐỂ (=Ving + be + adj.) (bổ sung) e.g. it is difficult to learn English vocabulary. c. S + TO BE + ADJ. + TO INF: AI ĐÓ THẤY…KHI LÀM VIỆC GÌ e.g. I’m happy to receive your letter. d. S + FINDTHINKBELIEVE + IT + ADJ + TOINF e.g. I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary. 4. Sau từ nghi vấn What , who , how, where …….. (không dùng với từ why) I don’t know where to park my car. 5. Sau một số động từ learn : (học) mean: ( có nghĩa, có ý) plan :( dự dịnh , có kế hoạch ) promise: ( hứa ) want : ( muốn ) agree : ( đồng ý ) refuse: ( từ chối ) attempt : ( cố gắng) fail : ( thất bại ) prepare: ( chuẩn bị ) determine ( quyết tâm ) manage (cố gắng, xoay trở) decide (quyết định) invite (mời) hope (hy vọng) wish (ước muốn) tend (có xu hướng) intend (có ý định, dự định) expect: mong đợi demand: đòi hỏi pretend: giả vờ offer: đề nghị would like: muốn plan: dự định e.g. She refused to meet me. 6. Note allow permit advise recommend + O + toinf e.g. She allowed me to use her pen. allow permit advise recommend + Ving e.g. She didn’t allow smoking in her room. III. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KO “TO” (BARE INFINITIVE) 1. Sau một số động từ: Let, make + O + V bare inf. e.g. He made me cry. had better: nên, would rather…than: thích…hơn, would sooner…than: nên thì hơn + V bare inf. e.g1. You should take an aspirin. 2. Động từ chỉ tri giác: Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + V1 (chỉ sự hoàn tất của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra) e.g. I saw her get off the bus. Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + Ving (chỉ sự việc đang diễn ra) e.g. I smell something burning in the kitchen. IV. Cấu trúc nhờ vả: S + have + O người + V1 + O vật ... S + have + O vật + V3ed + (by + O người) S + get + O người + toinf + O vật S + get + O vật + V3ed + (by + O người) e.g. I had my brother clean the house. I had the house cleaned by my brother. S (người) + needrequirewant + to inf. (bổ sung) S (vật) + needrequirewant + Ving ( to be Ved3) (bổ sung) e.g. you need to cut your hair. = Your hair needs cuttingto be cut. V. MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT stop + Ving: dừng hẳn một hành động e.g. My father stopped smoking cigarette. stop + toinf: dừng lại để làm việc khác e.g. He was very tired. He stopped to take a rest. remember forget + Ving: nhớ quên việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ) remember forget + toinf: nhớ quên việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai) e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed. I never forget seeing him the first time. I remember meeting you somewhere but I can’t know your name. Remember to call me tomorrow. Regret (tiếc) + to inf.: tiếc phải báo tin xấu (bổ sung) Regret + Ving: tiếc 1 điều gì sau khi đã thực hiện điều đó (bổ sung) e.g. I regret to tell you that you failed the test. e.g. I regret lending him some money. try + Ving: thử try + toinf: cố gắng need + Ving = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động) (bổ sung) need + toinf: cần (chủ động) (bổ sung) Ex: I need to wash my car. My car is very dirty. It needs washing to be washed.

GERUND AND INFINITIVE

Danh động từ (V-ing) được dùng:

1 Sau các cụm động từ

- be used to / get used to: quen với, trở nên quen với

- look forward to : mong đợi

- can’t stand = can bear: không thể chịu được

- It’s no use / it’s no good : không có lợi ích gì

- be busy : bận rộn

- be worth : có giá trị

- feel like : cảm thấy thích

(BỔ SUNG)

− HAVE difficulty /trouble +Ving

− WASTE / SPEND time /money + Ving

− KEEP + O + Ving

− PREVENT + O + Ving

− FIND + O + Ving

− CATCH + O + Ving: bắt gặp ai đó đang làm gì e.g If she catches you reading her diary, she will be furious

2 Sau các giới từ ( on, at, about, from, to, without …)

e.g She is interested in going shopping

3 Đứng đầu làm chủ ngữ

E.g Playing soccer is my favorite sport

4 Sau các động từ

Deny: chối cải, delay: trì hoãn practise: thực hành

Enjoy: thích thú = like= prefer Continue = keep: tiếp tục

Consider: xem như, xem xét Avoid: tránh

Hate=dislike: ghét/ ko thích # love Miss: bỏ lỡ

II ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO : (to-infinitive)

1 Đứng đầu làm chủ ngữ

e.g To become a famous singer is her dream

2 Sau các tính từ : glad , happy , ready ……

S+ BE + ADJ + to + V

e.g: It’s difficult to do that exercise.

3 Trong cấu trúc :

a IT + TAKES/ TOOK + O(me/him/her/you…) + time + to + V(TO INF): AI ĐÓ MẤT BAO LÂU ĐỂ LÀM GÌ (= S (người) + WASTE/SPEND + time/money + V-ing) (bổ sung)

E.g It took him fifteen minutes to walk to school

= He spent 15 minutes walking to school

b IT + TO BE + ADJ + TO INF: THẬT ….ĐỂ (=Ving + be + adj.) (bổ sung)

e.g it is difficult to learn English vocabulary

c S + TO BE + ADJ + TO INF: AI ĐÓ THẤY…KHI LÀM VIỆC GÌ

e.g I’m happy to receive your letter

d S + FIND/THINK/BELIEVE + IT + ADJ + TO-INF

e.g I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary

4. Sau từ nghi vấn What , who , how, where …… (không dùng với từ why)

I don’t know where to park my car

5 Sau một số động từ

plan :( dự dịnh , có kế hoạch ) promise: ( hứa )

fail : ( thất bại ) prepare: ( chuẩn bị )

determine ( quyết tâm ) manage (cố gắng, xoay trở)

decide (quyết định) invite (mời)

tend (có xu hướng) intend (có ý định, dự định)

e.g She refused to meet me

6 Note

- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf

e.g She allowed me to use her pen.

- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing

e.g She didn’t allow smoking in her room.

III ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KO “TO” (BARE INFINITIVE)

1 Sau một số động từ: Let, make + O + V bare inf.

e.g He made me cry

had better: nên, would rather…than: thích…hơn, would sooner…than: nên thì hơn + V bare inf.

e.g1 You should take an aspirin

2 Động từ chỉ tri giác:

- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V1 (chỉ sự

hoàn tất của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra)

e.g I saw her get off the bus.

- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V-ing (chỉ sự

việc đang diễn ra)

e.g I smell something burning in the kitchen.

IV Cấu trúc nhờ vả:

S + have + O người + V1 + O vật

S + have + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người)

S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật

S + get + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người)

e.g I had my brother clean the house.

I had the house cleaned by my brother.

S (người) + need/require/want + to inf (bổ sung)

S (vật) + need/require/want + Ving ( to be Ved/3) (bổ sung)

e.g you need to cut your hair.

= Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.

stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn một hành động

e.g My father stopped smoking cigarette.

stop + to-inf: dừng lại để làm việc khác

e.g He was very tired He stopped to take a rest.

remember / forget + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ)

remember / forget + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai)

e.g Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.

I never forget seeing him the first time.

I remember meeting you somewhere but I can’t know your name.

Remember to call me tomorrow.

Regret (tiếc) + to inf.: tiếc phải báo tin xấu (bổ sung)

Regret + Ving: tiếc 1 điều gì sau khi đã thực hiện điều đó (bổ sung)

e.g I regret to tell you that you failed the test.

e.g I regret lending him some money.

try + V-ing: thử

try + to-inf: cố gắng

need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động) (bổ sung)

need + to-inf: cần (chủ động) (bổ sung)

Ex: I need to wash my car.

My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed

Exercise

Part I Complete the following sentences using a “to-infinitive” form of the verbs in the box.

1 I can’t imagine Peter (go) _ by bike

2 He agreed (buy) a new car

3 The question is easy (answer)

4 The man asked me how (get) _ to the airport

5 We decide (run) through the forest

6 The teacher expected Sarah (run) _ through the forest

7 I learned (ride) the bike at the age of 5

8 He wanted (see) _the house where the president was born

9 He is expected (arrive) _in a few days

10 He decided (study) Biology

11 He asked (come) with us

12 I’m learning (speak) English

13 He decided (wear) _ his new suit

14 I’m still looking for a job but I hope (find) a well-paid job soon

15 They agreed (be) present at the opening ceremony

16 I promise (help) _ you tomorrow

17 I understand you want (borrow) my last volume of Harry Porter

18 Finally, I managed (finish) _ the work

19 I understand you want (borrow) my last volume of Harry Porter

20 I’m pleased (meet) you

Part II Complete the following sentences using an “-ing” form or “to-infinitive” of the verbs in the box.

21 I am looking forward (see) _ you

22 I’ve finished (cook) Come and eat!

23 I wish (see) _the manager

24 It is no use (wait) _him

25 My mother told me (not speak) _too anyone about it

26 He tried (explain) _but she refused (listen) _

27 Don’t forget (clock) _the door before (go) _to bed

28 I am prepared (wait) _here all night if necessary

29 After (walk) _three hours we stopped (rest) _and let the others (catch)

up with us

30 The boy likes (play) _games but hates (do) exercises

31 I regret (inform) _you that your application has been refused

32 I don’t allow (smoke) _in my drawing-room

33 I don’t allow my family (smoke) _at all

34 Please go on (write) _; I don’t mind _ (wait)

35 I tried (persuade) him (agree) _with your proposal

36 I can’t help (sneeze) ; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _in a draught

37 Stop (talk) _; I am trying (finish) _a letter

38 His doctor advised him (give) _up (jog) _

39 My watch keeps (stop) _

40 He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring)

41 I prefer (drive) _to (be) _driven

42 I advise you (start) _ (look) _for a flat at once

43 He postponed (make) _a decision until it was too late (do) _anything

44 Try (forget) _it; It isn’t worth (worry) _about it

46.Students stopped ( make ) ……… noise when the teacher came in

47.He’ll try ( not make) ………the same mistake again.

49.I didn’t know how ( get ) ……… to your house , so I stopped ( ask )……… the way

50.We found it very difficult ( reach ) ……… a decision

51.I will remember ( give ) ………Mr Brown your message

52.She remembers ( be ) ………taken to the zoo by her mother

53.Do you feel like ( go ) ……… to the concert or would you like ( stay )……… at home ?

54.We don’t allow people ( smoke ) ……… in the lecture room.

55.The teacher advised ( review) ……… the grammatical structures carefully

56.He’ s used to ( go ) ……….on foot to work

57.We get used to ( work ) ……….on Sundays

58.She is looking forward to ( see ) ………her friends

59.Sometimes students avoid ( look ) ……… at the teacher if they don’t want (answer )………… a question.

60.You should try ( wear ) ………any shirts you want to buy.

61.There are people can’t help ( laugh )……….when they see someone ( slip ) ………….on a banana skin

62.Gravity makes water ( run ) ………downhill

63.This man let me ( use ) ……….his phone yesterday.

64.Are we allowed ( go )……… out with Tom ?

65 His father doesn’t approve of his (go)………to Europe

66 Donna is interested in (open)……… a bar