Tài liệu giảng dạy CCNA - module 02 chapter 08-Operating Cisco Routers

Table of Content 1 Router Memory, Processors, and Interfaces 2 The Cisco IOS Software Command-Line Interface 3 Configuring Cisco IOS Software 4 The Cisco IOS Software Boot Process... The

Module 02 Cisco IOS

Chapter 08 Operating Cisco Routers

Table of Content

1 Router Memory, Processors, and Interfaces

2 The Cisco IOS Software Command-Line Interface

3 Configuring Cisco IOS Software

4 The Cisco IOS Software Boot Process

1 Router Memory, Processors, and

Interfaces

Router internal components

Router physical characteristics

Managing configuration files using

TFTP

Router# copy running-config tftp

Address or name of remote host[]? 10.10.10.10

Destination filename [Router-config]?

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

624 bytes copied in 7.05 secs

Router#

Router# copy tftp running-config

Address or name of remote host[]? 10.10.10.10

Source filename[] ?router-config

Destination filename [running-config]?

Accessing tftp://10.10.10.10/router-config

Loading router-config from 10.10.10.10 (via ethernet 0/0)

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[OK-642 bytes]

2 The Cisco IOS Software

Command-Line Interface

interfaces

interfaces

HyperTerminal session properties

Access to CLI: Telnet

 From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to a hub/switch:

straight – through cable

 From an Ethernet/FastEthernet interface to a PC/other

Router: crossover cable

CLI command modes

Router user interface modes

Configuring router passwords

Keyboard help in the router CLI

Router# ?

Exec commands:

access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry

access-profile Apply user-profile to interface

access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry

archive manage archive files

bfe For manual emergency modes setting

cd Change current directory

clear Reset functions

clock Manage the system clock

More–

Router# cl?

clear clock

Router# clock ?

set Set the time and date

Router# clock set ?

hh:mm:ss Current Time

Enhanced editing commands

Ctrl-A Moves to the beginning of the command line

Ctrl-E Moves to the ending of the command line

Ctrl-B Move back one character

Ctrl-F Move forward one character

ESC+F Move forward one word

Ctrl-U Erases a line

Ctrl-W Erases a word

Ctrl-Z Ends Configuration Mode and returns to the

Privileged EXEC Mode.

TAB Key Finishes a partial command

Router command history

• By default, history buffer = 10 command lines.

• To change the number of command lines

− Router> terminal history size number-of-lines

− Number-of-lines: 1 – 256

Ctrl-P (or up arrow) Recalls last (Previous) commands

Ctrl-N (or down arrow) Recalls last most recent commands

Troubleshooting command line

errors

The debug and show Commands

 The show command lists facts about the router’s

operational status that the router already knows

 The debug command actually tells the router to spend

some CPU cycles to do things besides its normal functions,

to provide the user with more information about what the

router is doing

 no debug all

3 Configuring Cisco IOS Software

Configuring a router name

Router(config)#hostname Tokyo

Tokyo(config)#

Configuring message-of-the-day

(MOTD)

Router(config)#banner motd # You have entered a

secure system, authorized access ONLY!!! #

Configuring a serial interface

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface type slot/port

Router(config-if)#ip address <ip address> <netmask>

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 *

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

* Only use with interface connected to DCE cable

Configuring host tables

Router(config)#ip host Auckland 172.16.32.1

Router#show host

Default domain is not set

Name/address lookup uses domain service

Name server are

Save configuration file

Router#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?

Building configuration

[OK]

4 Cisco IOS Software Boot

Process

Operation of Cisco IOS Software

Operating

ROM monitor > or rommon> Failure or password

recovery Boot Rom Router(boot)> Flash image upgrade

Cisco IOS Router> Normal operation

Router Startup Sequence

The boot process

ROM monitor initializes

Boot commands

in NVRAM ?

Executes boot

commands

Router’s Fallback sequence

2 to F

Executes boot commands in NVRAM

Default Fallback sequence

Customize Fallback sources

Boot system commands

(config)#

 boot system flash <IOS_filename>

 boot system tftp <IOS_filename > <TFTP_addr >

 boot system rom

#

 copy running-config startup-config

 11-12: Console line speed

 13: Boot ROM if network boot fails

 15: Diagnostic and ignore NVRAM

Bit:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0x

0 16

16-bit register

1 2

3 6

 The configuration register is a 16-bit register in NVRAM

0x - - - 0

1 2 F

Boot field

Configuration Register

Configuration Register Value Description

0xnnn2 – 0xnnnF Examine NVRAM for boot system commands

Router# Show version

Router(config)#configure-register register-value

Useful Config-register

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0x

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0x

Troubleshooting IOS Boot Failure

 Configuration file has missing or incorrect boot

system statement

 Incorrect configuration register value

 Corrupted flash image

 Hardware failure

Summary

 The router internal components.

 Configuring the Cisco IOS software.

 The Cisco IOS boot process.