Parameter of finishing process in knit dyeing

 Finishing is a general term which usually refers to treatment on textile fabrics after dyeing or printing. It increase life and durability of the fabric.. Basic function of the squeez

Total Textile Process at a Glance

 Finishing is a general term which usually refers to treatment on textile fabrics after dyeing or printing.

 It increase life and durability of the fabric.

By finishing we can maintain fabric shape and size.

Finishing accentuate or inhibiti some characteristic of fabric.

Impart new characteristic or properties.

Finishes may be done by chemically or mechanically.

To get good finished quality we should maintain machine parameter or proper chemical recipe.

We can improve finished product quality by developing machine parameter or create new and appropriate chemical recipe.

•To improve the appearance of the fabric.

•To improve the feel of the fabric by softening, stiffening, etc.

•To cover faults in the original fabric.

•To increase weight of the cloth.

•Special properties required for particular uses

Process Flow Chart of Finishing

Section :

After dyeing process from the dyeing machine then the fabrics are ready for de-watering This is the process to remove the water from the fabrics partially by squeezing.

Process flow chart:

Fig: Crossectional view of Bianco Tube Squeezer

Basic function of the squeezing m/c:

To remove the water from the fabric

To control the width of the fabric

To control the length of the fabric

To control the spirality of the fabric

To control the over feeding system

To increase the softness of the fabric

To remove the crease mark of the fabric

• The slitting machine is used in processing fabrics in the open line in the finishing section.

Main Parts:

*Turn table; *Beater; *Rope; *De- twister; *Centering unit; *Slitting unit

*Pulley drive *Squeezing

Process flow chart:

Figure: Passage Diagram of Slitting Machine of Brueckner

Machine Functions:

•To slit the tube fabric by the knife for opening of the fabric and ready for stentering

•Delivered fabric is crease free state

•Before squeezing balloon is formed with the help of compressed air passing by a nozzle or air sprayer

•It can control the diameter of fabric and GSM and shrinkage by over feeding mechanism

•Soften the fabric by applying the softeners

•The machine is used for removing the residual water contained in the fabric after squeezing by applying heat on the fabric in the machine.

•the fabric is feed on the drying net at low over feed speed and the humidity is continuously measured

•Drying is done by applying heat through burner nozzles

•To dry the fabric with help of steam

•To control the shrinkage

•To prepare for next subsequent process

•To dry tubular and open width fabric without tension

•To remove residual water containing in the fabric

Stenter

•Stenter is used for open form fabric It is the heart of open knit finishing sector

Main Parts & Zones:

Back Zone:

#Guider ; #Two Baths & Padder or Squeezer; #Auto centering

Middle Zone:

#Over feed regions; #Bianco or Mahlo arrangement; #Chain & clip system;

#Chambers (Contains blower, heater, recovery)

Front Zone:

#Over feed zone ; #Plaiting; #Static electricity remover

Figure : Passage Diagram of Stenter

Machine Functions:

•To control the shrinkage

•To control the required GSM by overfeed

•To control the required dia

•Heat setting

•For straighten the fabric

•To control bowing & bias (spirality)

•For uniform moisture content

•Finishing chemical application

•Selvedge gumming & cutting

•The treatment of knit fabrics in tubular form on the TUBULAR COMPACTOR meets the exacting standards set by customers

Main Machine Parts:

•Feed section: Tension control & Metal detector

•Shape: Set according to the dia of fabric

•Steam zone

•Take out & Plaiter zone

•Compacting Zone: It’s a roller & shoe arrangement & the most important zone which consists of two rollers, the Feed roller (Recarter roller) & the Retard roller They are heated by Shoe, into which hot thermo-oil runs through

Fig: Cross sectional View of Tube Compactor Machine

Basic functions of the Tube compactor machine:

•To control the GSM (Increase & decrease)

•To control the dia

•To control the shrinkage (Increase & decrease)

•Width control through a stepless adjustable special tubular fabric spreader driven by variable speed motor for distortion-free fabric guidance

•Steamping with a condensate-free steam box which is easily operated and completely made from stainless stell

•Compacting through two Nomex felt belts

•Calendaring while passing between the felt belt and the heated shrinking rollers

•Open Width Compactor is suitable for open width knit fabrics to achieve exact dimensional stability and

a soft feel

Main Parts of the Machine:

•Heating chamber

•Blower (2, one at the entry chain zone for uncurling and another at the entry of compacting zone)

•ynthetic blanket as a conveyor,

•To compact the fabric

•To control the shrinkage

•To maintain proper width and G.S.M

•To make the fabric surface smooth

•During raising, the fabric surface is treated with sharp teeth to lift the surface fibres, thereby imparting hairiness, softness and warmth, as in flannelette.

Counter pile

Front drag Roller

Rear drag Roller

Return drag roller

Plaiter roller

Figure : Cross-sectional view of Raising Brush machine

Machine Functions:

•To obtain a lofty handle effect on fabric

•To obtain fleece appearance

•To create pile on fabric surface

•To produce a heavier surface made of fibers.

•Softening treatment is one of the most important chemical after treatments in the textile industry.

•By softening treatment textile can achieve not only soft handle but also:

•Resins have a profound effect on and cause changes in the hand (feel), drapability and physical characteristics of textiles

•They add stiffness to fabrics and are thus used as stiffening agents or to create a firm hand

•Yarns in fabric will be stabilized and will resist shrinkage in laundering

•This finish imparts luster to the cotton

•Increases cotton strength by nearly 25% and improves dye affinity

•It is a method of thickening woollen material to make it more water-resistant

•Nanotechnology is an umbrella term covering a wide range of technologies concerned with structures and processes on the nanometric scale.

• Nanotechnology deals with the science and technology at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers (1 Billion Nanotechnology = 1metre), although 100 nanometers presently is the practically attainable dimension for textile products and applications

•The Nanotechnology can be used in engineering desired textiles attributes, such as fabric softness, namely, water repellency, fire retardancy, antimicrobial resistance etc in fibers, yarns and fabrics

•Enhancement of textile materials by nanotechnology is expected to become a trillion dollar industry in the next decade, with tremendous economic and ecology benefits

•With the advent of nanotechnology, a new area has developed in the realm of textile

finishing

Antimicrobial Finish:

• It is a well-known fact that the growth of bacteria and microorganisms in food or water is

prevented hen stored in silver vessels due to its antibacterial properties

• The antibacterial properties of silver are now scientifically recognized

• Silver ions have been spectrum of antimicrobial activities

• The method of producing durable silver containing antimicrobial finish is to encapsulate silver compound or nano particle with a fiber reactive polymer like poly (styrene-maleric anhydride)

• Products which are commonly applied are brominated phenols, quaternary ammonium

compounds, organo-silver and tin compounds, which can be applied as solutions or

dispersions

• They can also be incorporated in a polymeric film deposited on the surface to achieve

controlled release

• The rays in the wavelength region of 150 to 400nm are known as ultraviolet radiations

•ultraviolet absorber finish of a fabric is present that absorbs ultraviolet radiation and blocks

its transmission through a fabric to the skin

•Metal oxides like ZnO as blocker are more stable when compared to organic

UV-blocking agents

•Hence, nano ZnO will really enhance the UV-blocking property due to their increase surface area and intense absorption in the UV region

Properties of nano textiles Nanomaterials

Electro conductive/antistatic Carbon nanotubes(CNT)

Cυ Polypyrrole Polyaniline Increased durability CNT

Polybutylacrylate SiO2

ZnO Self-cleaning/ dirt and water repellent CNT

SiO2 (as matrix) TiO2

Moisture-absorbing Tio2

UV protection TiO2

ZnO Fire proof CNT

Montmorillonite(Nano-Clay) Heat conductive/isolating CNT

• Nano-processed garments have protective coating, which is water and beverage repellent

• Their protective layer is difficult to detect with the naked eye.

• Saving time and laundering cost.

• This technology embraces environment friendly properties.

• The crease resistant feature keeps clothing neat.

• Nano- processed products are toxic free.

• Garments stay bright, fresh looking and are more durable than ordinary materials.

• Manufacturing cost is low, adding value to the products.

•Padder (1): 4-5 bar ; Padder (2): 3.5- 4 bar

Single jersey (Viscose) 50-70 30

Single jersey(Cotton/Lycra) 60-80 22

Single jersey(Cotton) 60-80 10-11 1x1 Rib 20-30 11 Interlock 20-30 14-15 terry 40-50 5-9 Single jersey- 180GSM (exp.) 70 25%

2.5bar

(chemical)-3 bar (normal) Loop back 20-30 2.5-3 1.5 bar (chemical)- 2bar

GSM variation & width variation for lycra fabric.

Wrong and narrow width

Startch stains and white lines on finished cloth

M/C dia

(cm)

Reqd

Dia.

Finished dia.

Temp

0 C

RP M

Single jersey Name IT Black 60% 180 178 115 100 98 110 0 C 15

•We all have tried our level best in accomplishing the project.

•Lack of presentation time we skip some topic which we include ours presentation book.

•We are greatly thankful to the management and staffs of the companies namely

“GMS Composite Knitting IND Ltd.”, “ Raiyan Knit Composite Ltd ” Without their constant support it could not have been possible

• In our project we came up mainly with different kinds of knit finishing parameter & development in different machines.

•In the project of us we included the each machines in the finishing lines, their working mechanism, their technical data, machine specification, ways of controlling different important parameters, faults and remedies.

•We express our heartiest thanks to our project supervisor and honorable teacher, Najmul Ehsan, Lecturer of the Department of Textile Engineering for his logical guidelines, constant inspirations, necessary instructions and proper supervision

We have tried to present all types of finishing processes Most of the finishing processes are not conduct in Bangladesh In our country function finishing process is done mostly Aesthetic finishing are more expensive than functional

We tried hard to give accurate parameter and solve the fault of finishing process That’s how we can develop finishing process and give more production Due to limitation our knowledge we did not all finishing processes

We think that our internship and project paper based on finishing will increase our knowledge in many sides.