different finishing types

-By modification of fabric appearance Calendaring, Optical brightening -By altering fabric handle Softening, Stiffening -Control of fabric dimension Sanforising, Compacting b To improve

Textile Finishing

Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR

ID: 2010000400008

Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013) Department: Wet Processing Technology Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com (FB) Blog: www Textilelab.blogspot.com

Southeast University,Bangladesh

Department of Textile Engineering

PREPARED BY ©right

Textile finishing is a term commonly applied to different process that the textile material under go after pretreatment, dyeing or printing for final embellishment to enhance there attractiveness and sale appeal as well as for comfort and usefulness

Objects of finishing:

The aim of finishing is to render textile goods fit for their purpose or end use Besides that, finishing can be done for achieving the following

a) To improve fabric attractiveness

-By modification of fabric appearance (Calendaring, Optical

brightening) -By altering fabric handle (Softening, Stiffening) -Control of fabric dimension (Sanforising, Compacting) b) To improve service ability

-Protection of fabric (Flame proofing, Water proofing) -Improved performance (Water repellency, Raising) -Easy care properties (Resin finish, Crease recovery)

Textile Finishes are classified in several ways:

Aesthetic Finishes

Functional Finishes According to Function

Semi Permanent

Permanent

Temporar

y

According to the

quality

Chemical Finishes

Mechanical Finishes According to type of machinery

Calendaring is defined as the modification of the surface of a fabric by the action of heat and pressure The finish is obtained by passing the fabric between heated rotating rollers (Smooth or Engraved) when both speed of rotation and pressure applied are variable

Objects of Calendaring

 To improve the fabric handle

and to impart a smooth silky

touch to the fabric.

 To compress the fabric and

reduce its thickness.

 To reduce the air

permeability by closing the

threads.

 To increase the luster.

 To reduce the yarn slippage.

 Surface patterning by

embossing.

The process which is used to remove loose threads and short fbre ends from smooth-surfaced fabrics and is also used to raise a nap on knits and woven fabrics is called Brushing Brushing is frequently applied to fabrics after shearing, removing the cut fbres that have fallen into the nap

Singeing is a process applied to both yarns and fabrics to produce an even surface by burning off projecting fbres, yarn ends, and fuzz This is accomplished by passing the fbre or yarn over a gas flame or heated copper plates at a speed sufficient to burn away the protruding material without scorching or burning the yarn or fabric

Tentering, These are fnal processes applied to set the warp and weft of woven fabrics at right angles to each other, and to stretch and set the fabric to its fnal dimensions Tentering stretches width under tension by the use of a tenter frame, consisting of chains ftted with pins or clips to hold the selvages of the fabric, and travelling on tracks

1 Napping

Using wire-covered rolls to "dig out" individual fiber ends

to the surface

2 Sueding

Using abrasive-covered rolls (sandpaper, emery cloth, etc.)

to produce shorter pile surface - does cause an apparent shade change.

Special type of raised surface fabric is corduroy Sueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric

Heat Setting Heat Setting: Heat setting of synthetic fabrics eliminates the internal tensions

within the fiber generated during manufacture and the new state can be fixed

by rapid cooling

This heat setting fixes the fabrics in the relaxed state and thus avoids subsequent shrinkage or creasing of fabric Presetting of goods make it possible

to use higher temperature for setting without considering the sublimation properties of dyes and also has a favorable effect on dyeing behavior and running properties of goods

SOFT FINISH:

Softening is the complex phenomenon and is composite of surface

smoothness and internal lubrication of the fiber elements of the treated fabric There are many softening agent used in industries such as:

Wetting agent

Acetic acid (for neutralization)

Non-ionic polyethylene softener

Slightly cationic softener

Silicon softener

HARD FINISH:

In case of hard finish, it is desirable to make the fabric

stiffer and give them more ‘body’ by filling certain

chemicals:

Wetting agent

Acetic acid (for neutralization)

Non-ionic polyethylene softener

Slightly cationic softener

Silicon softener

 The resin finish is also know as crease recovery treatments the objective of resin finish to remove the wrinkles or crease from the fabric by certain chemicals

Wetting agent

Acetic acid (for neutralization)

Non-ionic polyethylene softener

Slightly cationic softener

Silicon softener

Resin

Catalyst ( mgcl2)

Mercerization is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread that gives fabric a lustrous appearance The process is applied to materials like cotton or hemp Mercerization alters the chemical structure of the cotton fbre The structure of the fbre changes from alpha-cellulose to beta-cellulose Mercerizing results in the swelling of the cell wall of the cotton fbre This causes increases

in the surface area and reflectance, and gives the fber a softer feel.

Fire Resistant fnishes:

Polyester fabrics can be made flame resistant by treatment with

an aqueous emulsion  of xylene soluble 2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate in a pad-cure sequence A semi-permanent effect can

be produced by treating with a mixture of ammonium bromide and brominated phosphoric acid esters.

Anti-microbial finishes:

With the increasing use synthetic fbbers for carpets and other

materials in public places, anti-microbial fnishes have assumed importance Anti microbial fnish   Eco-friendly anti microbial

fnishing agent for cotton fabrics & Garments Useful for

eliminating bacterial growth due to sweat

Enzymatic finishes

Bio-polishing: This is a process to remove the protruding fibers of a fabric

through the action an enzyme This enzyme selectively acts on the protruding fibers and cease to work after finishing the work by a simple raise in temperature of the treatment bath

This is the end of our presentation I hope all of you enjoyed it Lastly thanks to all

for your kind attention……!

I would like to express many thanks to my advisor, Professor Dr Zulhash Uddin

for giving me the opportunity to study in the Textile Finishing.