Fabric Types - Control - Quality - Cleaning

Common fabrics Cotton, is the most famous fabric and most widely used fiber in the world because of its versatility and ability to provide good comfort, particularly in apparel items..

Types

Cleaning

 Fabric or cloth is a flexible artificial material that is

made by a network of natural or artificial fibers.

 Example: The example is thread or yarn which is

formed by weaving or knitting as in textiles Cloth is mostly used in the manufacturing of clothing and household furnishings etc.

A small fabric shop

Common fabrics

 Cotton, is the most famous fabric and most widely used fiber in the world because of its

versatility and ability to provide good comfort, particularly in apparel items Cotton is soft,

natural, vegetable fiber obtained from the seed-pod of the cotton plant The use of cotton is

diverse for example it is used in apparel, home furnishings, towels, rugs, and sewing thread etc

 Polyester, it is a type of fabric which is a synthetic, man-made fiber produced Some of it\'s

features are crease resistance, ability to dry quickly, shape retention in garments, high strength, abrasion resistance, and minimum care requirement It is very important fiber in upholstery

fabrics, which is often used in warps due to its strength and inexpensiveness

 Silk is a natural filament fiber produced by the silkworm in cocoon Silk is mostly collected from cultivated worms, it is a thicker, shorter fiber produced by worms in their natural habitat

Primarily found in Asia there are several types of silk like tussah silk and wild silk etc

 Acrylic, it is a synthetic fiber It has a soft, wool-like hand, and is generally able to be dyed in a wide range of brilliant colors Excellent sunlight resistance and wrinkle resistance is it\'s great feature

 Velvet which is another type of popular fabric is basically a warp pile cloth in which rows of short cut pile stand so close together as to form an even, uniform surface Velvet is appealing in look and with soft Different fibers including silk is used in making of velvet

 Damask is mainly made in china and it is firm, glossy jacquard-patterned fabric It is a reversible fabric characterized by a combination of satin and sateen weaves You can distinguish it from the ground by it's contrasting luster

Cotton is a soft, fluffy, staple fibre

that comes from cotton plants

Cotton plant Raw cotton

Microscopic view of cotton

fiber

Different layers in cotton fiber

• Silk fiber produced as a cocoon covering by the

silkworm, and valuable for its use in fine fabrics and textiles.

Tussah silk Mulberry silk

Microscopic view of silk fiber Silk fiber

• Nylon is a generic

designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides.

How to control fabric pilling

 Pilling happens because of rubbing or abrasion of the fabric during normal wear and use You'll find pilling most often on man-made fibers particularly polyester and polyester blends.

 Pilling occurs during wearing or washing when groups of short or broken fibers on the surface of the fabric become tangled together in a tiny ball - a pill.

 Prevent Pilling

 Before laundering, turn the garment inside out.

 Use the gentle cycle which has a slower agitation and shorter wash cycle.

 Use liquid detergent or allow powdered detergent to dissolve completely before

adding garments.

 Line dry woven fabrics Dry knitted garments on a flat surface If using the dryer,

remove as soon as possible to lessen abrasion from other fabrics.

 Remove Pilling

 One of the most effective ways to remove pills is to use a fabric comb or a

battery operated pill remover that shaves the pills from the surface of the

garment You can also pull the fabric taut over a curved surface and carefully cut off the pill with scissors or shave the fabric surface with a safety razor You must

be extremely careful and weigh the value of the garment before tackling the job!

How to control fabric shrinkage

 Shrinkage is the process in which a fabric becomes smaller than its original size, usually through the process of laundry.

 Causes

 For wool garments, shrinkage is due to scales on the fibers which heat,

water and agitation cause to stick together

 Other fabrics are stretched by mechanical forces during production, and

can shrink slightly when heated (though to a lesser degree than wool)

 Some clothes are "pre-shrunk" to avoid this problem.

 Pre-Shrinking

 Pre-shirking is needed almost on all fabrics because most textile

materials shrink when washed However preshrinking can only reduce the residual shrinkage to a lower percentage, but cannot completely

eliminate it.

How to control fabric quality

most outstanding manufacturing methods cannot compensate for defective materials We inspect 10%

of the rolls and evaluate them based on a four-point system This way, we can avoid fabric related quality problems before it is put into production.

choose the additional roles in proportion to the total number of roles per color received.

Size Defect Penalty .

penalty points are assigned to minor defects (A major defect is any defect that would cause a final garment

to be considered a second.)

out, soiled yarns, and wrong yarn.

shading.

Yds inspected

Fabric Cleaning

 One of the safest and easiest ways to clean textiles is to vacuum them The fabric is placed

on a clean, flat work surface If the specimen is particularly delicate, or simply as a

precaution, a fiberglass screen edged with twill tape may be placed over the textile The screen allows dirt and dust to pass through, but prevents individual threads from being

pulled loose or unraveled further by the suction Using a vacuum attachment and the lowest power setting, move the suction over the screen until the entire area has been cleaned

 Wet cleaning

 The most familiar method of washing everyday textiles is to use water and detergent The urge to wash historic textiles can be as automatic as the machines used Historic textiles should not be regarded as laundry, however, because wet cleaning can do a great deal of damage to them Water can cause cotton and linen to shrink, especially when combined with heat Similarly, wool can shrink or become irreversibly matted, while if dyes in a textile are not 'fixed' they can run, damaging adjacent areas

 Textiles are markedly weaker when wet and therefore much easier to damage or tear In some cases, light finger pressure when trying to manipulate or handle a wet historic textile

is enough to split the fabric Finally, many textiles shrink and distort as they dry

Vacuuming through a screen

 Dry cleaning

 Dry cleaning is generally only used for oil stains, as it is a very stressful

process of the textile Commercial dry cleaners should never be used,

as the chemicals used in the process are too strong for old fabrics to withstand without damage If dry cleaning is absolutely necessary,

consult a professional conservator.

 Steaming and ironing textiles should be done with caution, as the heat

may affect the viability of the fibers More importantly, the fabric should always be cleaned before either of these processes is used, since heat may trap dirt and stains in the fibers to such an extent that the stain

becomes permanent Always use the lowest setting for either of these procedures If a garment relies on folds to maintain its proper shape (such as pleats), it may be better to finger-press the folds into place

when the garment is damp and allow it to dry that way, rather than

subject it to the added stress of ironing.

Fabric Cleaning

Fabric Thread Count

coarseness or fineness of fabric

 It is measured by counting the number of threads contained

in one square inch of fabric or one square centimeter,

including both the length (warp) and width (weft) threads

 The thread count is the number of threads counted along two

sides (up and across) of the square inch, added together

 It is used especially in regard to cotton linens such as bed

sheets, and has been known to be used in the classification

of towels.

 Thread count is often used as a measure of fabric quality, so

that:

 “Standard" cotton thread counts are around 150

 good-quality sheets start at 180 and a count of 200 or higher is

considered percale

 Some, but not all, of the extremely high thread counts (typically

over 500) tend to be misleading as they usually count the

individual threads in "plied" yarns (a yarn that is made by twisting

together multiple finer threads) For marketing purposes, a fabric

with 250 two-ply yarns in both the vertical and horizontal

direction could have the component threads counted to a 1000

thread count

 According to the National Textile Association (NTA), which cites

the international standards group ASTM, accepted industry

practice is to count each thread as one, even threads spun as

two- or three-ply yarn

Image showing how to determine the number

of twists per inch in a piece of yarn

End of Presentation

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