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Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed, the material used to make it and the funds available to build

TOPIC: BRIDGE TYPES

1 Introduce

obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the

obstacle Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain

where the bridge is constructed, the material used to make it and the funds available to build it

truss bridges, arch bridges, cantilever bridges,

suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges.

Illustration for bridges type

I Beam bridges

 Beam bridges are the most simple of structural

forms being supported by an abutment at each

end of the deck No moments are transferred

through the support hence their structural type is

known as simply supported

 The simplest beam bridge could be a slab of

stone, or a plank of wood laid across a stream

Bridges designed for modern infrastructure will

usually be constructed of steel or reinforced

concrete, or a combination of both The concrete

used can either be reinforced, prestressed or

post-tensioned

 Types of construction could include having many

beams side by side with a deck across the top of

them, to a main beam either side supporting a

deck between them The main beams could be

I-beams, trusses, or box girders They could be

half-through, or braced across the top to create a

through bridge

 Beam bridges are often only used for really short

distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have

no built in supports The only supports are

provided by piers

Feiyun River Bridge, Zhejiang Province

The beam bridges famous

II Truss bridges

 A truss bridge is a bridge

composed of connected

elements(typically straight)

which may be stressed from

tension, compression, or

sometimes both in response to

dynamic loads Truss bridges

are one of the oldest types of

modern bridges The basic

types of truss bridges shown in

this article have simple designs

which could be easily analyzed

by nineteenth and early

twentieth century engineers A

truss bridge is economical to

construct owing to its efficient

use of materials.

The truss bridges famous

ErieCanalRRBridge TrangTien bridge

III Arch bridges

 An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments

at each end shaped as a curved arch Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of

arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today

 Arch bridge: construction that allows automobiles to travel between two points separated by an obstacle

Portal frame: construction that carries the weight of a suspended load to the ground Arch: arched vault that is supported by the abutments

Deck: platform of the bridge

Lower chord: lower supporting piece

Upper chord: upper supporting piece

Pile: masonry pylon that serves as support

The arch bridges famous

 Si-o-se Pol bridge,  Iran

Fredrikstad_BridgeacrossGlomma01 Fredrikstad Na Uy

HarlemRiverBridges ( New York , Mỹ )

 Suspension bridge: construction that

allows automobiles to travel between two points separated by an obstacle

pylons at the ends of a bridge

pylons at the centre of a bridge

construction situated at the side, usually supporting the cables of a suspension bridge or a cable-stayed bridge

lower part of a tower

that supports a bridge

usually supports the cables of a suspension bridge or a cable-stayed bridge

Golden gate bridge

 A suspension bridge is a type

of bridge which is built by

suspending the roadway from

cables attached to a master cable

which runs above the length of

the bridge In addition to being

strong and

lightweight, suspension bridges

are also beautiful, and some of

the most famous bridges in the

world are also suspension bridges,

including San Francisco's iconic

Golden Gate Bridge and New

York's Brooklyn Bridge

of bridge in which the deck (the

load-bearing portion) is hung

below suspension cables on

vertical suspenders

 This type of bridge has cables

suspended between towers, plus

vertical suspender cables that

carry the weight of the deck

below, upon which traffic crosses

VI Cable-stayed bridges

A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that consists of one or more columns (normally referred to as towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck.

There are two major classes of cable-stayed bridges: In a harp design, the cables are made nearly parallel by attaching them to various points on the tower(s) so that the height of

attachment of each cable on the tower is similar to the distance from the tower along the

roadway to its lower attachment In a fan design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top

of the tower(s).

Compared to other bridge types, the cable-stayed is optimal for spans longer than typically seen

in cantilever bridges, and shorter than those typically requiring a suspension bridge This is the range in which cantilever spans would rapidly grow heavier if they were lengthened, and in

which suspension cabling does not get more economical, were the span to be shortened.

Sutong yangtze with the longest main span in the would as of 2011 1088m, side span 300m 306m high tower, total bridge length 8206m

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