Tài liệu ethernet basics

Application- oriented layerTransport-Network-Access Protocol : Ethernet MAC-Address Internet- Protocol : IP`-Address, Ping Transport- Protocol : TCP, UDP Application Protocol: Web, FTP,

Ethernet Network Basics

Plant inGermany

Physics?

Protocol?

Application- oriented layer

Transport-Network-Access Protocol : Ethernet MAC-Address

Internet- Protocol : IP`-Address, Ping

Transport- Protocol : TCP, UDP

Application Protocol:

Web, FTP, PROFINET

The 4 Layers

of TCP/IP Example ISO/OSI-Model

Web, Mail

Data compression, encryption

TCP/IP is a network protocol

It is the basic protocol for many applications which are communicating across network segments.

Network Layer, layer 2

Internet Layer, layer 3

Transport Layer, layer 4

Network Trace with Wireshark, free download at www.wireshark.org

Internet Layer

Network Access Layer

TCP/IP UDP/IP

Internet Layer Application Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Access to the physical Network, Translation from IP address to physical (MAC) Address.

TCP/IP UDP/IP

Internet Layer Application Layer

Network Layer Transport Layer

Second View: Internet Protocol (IP)

Packetizing in Frames and Routing through Network.

Characteristics of the IP Layer

IP is connectionless and works without acknowledgement.

Data packages could be received in a different order than were sent TCP is responsible for consistency of data.

The most important declaration is the IP address.

A subnet mask is defined for every IP address The subnet mask

is also like the IP address, a 32-bit value With the subnet mask,

a network node will be assigned to a subnetwork, also known as

a network segment

IP Network Classes include:

Class A: 1.0 - 127.0 up to 16 Mio hosts Class B: 128.0 - 191.255 up to 65.000 hosts Class C: 192.0 - 223.255.255 254 hosts

Each Host within a network has a unique IP-Address

IP – Address contains two Parts

Net ID : Network Address All Hosts within a network have the same Net ID Net IDs are assigned by a naming authority

Host ID : Host Address Each Host within a network has a unique Host ID Host ID is assigned by the respective administrator

Class A - 0.x.x.x – 127.x.x.x / up to 16 million hosts

Needs to be the

unique

ICMP: Simple Diagnostic with Ping Function

ICMP stands for „Internet Control Message Protocol“

This Protocol provides the simplest diagnostic possibility By calling the Ping Function the physical connection over IP to the remote Station can be

tested.

The Partner answers and the reaction time will be displayed.

Example for using the Ping into a DOS Box:

C:\>ping 172.16.100.144

Third View: Transport Layer

Transport Service from Host to Host, Float control, Error

handling (TCP or UDP)

TCP/IP UDP/IP

TCP/IP UDP/IP

Internet Layer Application Layer

Network Layer Transport Layer

TCP UDP / Connection oriented:

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP is a connection oriented Protocol.

The maximum size of a single message (application layer data)

is 64kByte.

TCP is able to split the message (application layer data) dynamically into packets The remote host reassembles the application data back into a single message.

The Byte-Sequence-Number makes it possible to reassemble the telegrams correctly

If data is lost, TCP requests the data again from remote station.

Connectionless: User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Compared to TCP, UDP is connectionless

Unsure reception because there is no acknowledgment upon receipt of data.

UDP is used for:

Simple datagram service or

as simple Transport, if higher protocols provide error and consistency check (i.e SNMP)

Fourth View: The Application Layer

User Program (i.e Mail, FTP, PROFINET)

E-TCP/IP UDP/IP

TCP/IP UDP/IP

Internet Layer Application Layer

Network Layer Transport Layer

Introduction Via Ports Applications and their protocols will be addressed.

There are free ports which are free for use for the user application

There are also “well known Ports“, which are defined for special

applications.

Well known Ports are:

Port: Service:

Port-Addressing at TCP and UDP

Port-Addressing at TCP and UDP

Network Access Layer

Isochronous Real-Time IRT

Synchronous user data transmission

Hardware support through ERTEC

Ethernet TCP/UDP

PROFINET Applications

IT cationse.g

appli-HTTP SNMP DHCP

Configuration Diagnostics Process-data

IP

1

ERTEC

Network Configurations

Two most common types…

Cut-through

Data exchange between

ports 1 – 4 and ports

2 – 3 is private and simultaneous.

14-45-08-7A-11-16 Switch

Lookup table

Address Port

Node A

?

?

?

Node A Node B

?

?

Comparison Hub / Switch

If „A“ transfers Data to „B“, the data will be sent to every station which is connected with the Hub.

The 10Mbps Ethernet Bandwidth needs to be shared

on every host which is connected.

The Switch transfers the Frame based on the Address to a special Port

It is also possible to run more connections between the Ports

Every Port is capable to work in Full duplex mode and use the entire Bandwidth of the Network.

Easy mounting on the SIMATIC S7-1200 rail Fan-free and therefore low-maintenance design

Quick and easy diagnostics at the device via the LED

Module replacement without

a programming device

for SIMATIC S7-300 / S7-mEC / ET200 M

Rugged plastic enclosure (4 x RJ45 sockets, 2-pole plug-in terminal strip for 24 V DC, diagnostic LED)

Easy mounting on the SIMATIC S7-300 rail Fan-free and therefore low-maintenance design

Quick and easy diagnostics at the device via the LED

Module replacement without

a programming device

Compact metal enclosure "designed for industry"

(sleeve, S7-300 format, various mounting options, rugged)

5 electrical RJ45 ports 10/100 Mbit/s, autocrossing and autonegotiation

1 x 24 V DC Diagnostics at the device via the LED Satisfies SIMATIC environmental requirements

Implementation of machine networking in price-sensitive segments

Quick commissioning without the need for configuration

Simple local diagnostics via LEDs

–

Compact metal enclosure "designed for industry"

(sleeve, S7 format, various mounting options, rugged)

Up to 24 electrical RJ45 ports 10/100 Mbit/s

Up to 2 optical fiber-optic ports 10/100 Mbit/s Diagnostics on the device via LED

Fulfils SIMATIC environmental requirements Signaling contact with local operation

(Set key) Redundant power supply (2 x 24 V DC)

up to 24 ports

SCALANCE X108PoE unmanaged

As for SCALANCE X-100, plus

Two of the eight ports with PoE functionality for power supply of data terminals

(up to 15 W each) by means of Power-over-Ethernet

(according to IEEE 802.3at (type 1) consistent with IEEE 802.3af)

Data and power over the same cable

Range: up to 3 km

SCALANCE X101-1LD

Range: up to 26 km

SCALANCE

Easy connection (POF system)

Electrical RJ45 ports 10/100 Mbit/s;

support autocrossing and autonegotiation Signaling contact with local operation (Set key) Suitable for use in a ring

Transmission rate: 100 Mbit/s

For converting electrical signals to optical signals and vice-versa

As for SCALANCE X-100, plus

Diagnostics over SNMP, Web, STEP 7 Cable diagnostics for electrical ports PROFINET process diagnostics and system diagnostics C-PLUG can be used

Integrated redundancy manager for High Speed Redundancy (HSR);

reconfiguration time < 300 ms for 50 switches

Ring redundancy with MRP;

reconfiguration time < 200 ms Transmission paths up to 26 km (long distance) over single mode fiber-optic cables

SCALANCE X208PRO for cabinet-free installation to IP65

redundant ring

SCALANCE XF-200 / XF204IRT managed

As for SCALANCE X-200, plus

Extremely flat design for installation in low-profile control boxes (ET 200S design)

Expansion of the SCALANCE X-200 portfolios with five new device variants SCALANCE XF204IRT variant with integrated ASIC ERTEC

(Enhanced Real-Time Controller) for IRT

Powerful and flat - fits in any enclosure

SCALANCE X-200IRT managed

As for SCALANCE X-200, plus Compliance with the real-time requirements of the field level (Isochronous Real-Time)

Fast start-up for optimized start-up response (link build-up, data routing) of PROFINET network

components and IO Devices Integrated ASIC ERTEC (Enhanced Real-Time Controller) for IRT

Standby function < 300 ms for redundant coupling of network segments

Different device variants with glass/PCF/POF or copper interface

As for SCALANCE X-200, plus

Up to 3 Gigabit Ethernet ports Support for IT features

(VLAN, STP/RSTP, IGMP snooping/querier, multicast and broadcast limiter, etc.)

Extensive local indicators and remote diagnostics capability

As for SCALANCE X-300, plus:

Full Gigabit Ethernet

2 media module slots

Flexible – one switch for many applications

© Siemens AG 2012 All Rights Reserved.

Configuration of SCALANCE X-300 managed

High network availability and Gigabit communication in redundant network structures Flexibility and reduced stockkeeping requirements

Your benefits

M

Four basic devices XR324-12M:

24 V with front cable outlet

24 V with rear cable outlet 100-240 V with front cable outlet 100-240 V with rear cable outlet

Save costs through flexibility and fully modular design

Configuration of SCALANCE XR-300 managed

High network availability and Gigabit communication in redundant network structures Fewer switches and high port density

Your benefits

For energy substations and other application areas with

Enhanced Environmental Conditions.

As for SCALANCE X-300, plus:

19“/2 design electrical (100/1000 Mbit/s) and optical (100 Mbit/s) ports Variants with DC 24 V or AC/DC 60-250 V,

single/redundant, with/without Conformal Coating

Supports IEEE 1588 V2 for time synchronization

Fulfills norms IEEE 1613 and IEC 61850-3 (EMC)

Especially designed for extremely rough industrial surroundings

For energy substations and other application areas with

Enhanced Environmental Conditions.

Combines the functionality of SCALANCE XR-300 and X-300EEC:

Semi-modular: 16x 10/100/1000 Mbit/s RJ45 ports integrated and

4x modular slots for plugging in 2-port media modules

Variants with DC 24 V or AC/DC 60-250 V as well as with data cable outlet at front or at rear

Supports IEEE 1588 V2 for time synchronization

Fulfills norms IEEE 1613 and IEC 61850-3 (EMC)

-40°C to +70°C (85°C up to 16 hours)

Especially designed for extremely rough industrial surroundings

Configuration SCALANCE X-300EEC/XR-300 EEC (1)

Reliable Industrial Ethernet Switching – doesn‘t matter if under extreme temperatures, gaseous atmospheres…

Your benefits

As for SCALANCE X-300, plus

Modular design: up to 22 TP ports or up to 14 FO ports with extender and/or media modules

(Gigabit and Fast Ethernet media modules)

Up to 4 Gigabit Ethernet ports in SCALANCE X408-2

Hardware-supported Layer 3 functionality (static, dynamic and redundant IP routing with VRRP) for SCALANCE X414-3E

Digital inputs for SCALANCE X414-3E

Configuration of SCALANCE X-400 managed

High network availability and high-performance

communication in redundant Gigabit rings – with modular switch design

Your benefits

Thank you for your attention!