Functions Chức năng • Subject Chủ ngữ To learn English is very necessary.. • Complement bổ ngữ His hobby is to collect stamps.. • Object of an adjective Tân ngữ của tính từ It is necessa
Trang 1INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
A PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT
I Infinitives
To infinitive (Nguyên mẫu có To)
b Form (Cấu trúc)
Khẳng định: to + V1 Phủ định: not to + V1
Bị động: to be + V3/-ed
c Functions (Chức năng)
• Subject (Chủ ngữ)
To learn English is very necessary
To speak English fluently is very difficult.
• Complement (bổ ngữ)
His hobby is to collect stamps.
What I like is to swim in the sea.
• Object of an adjective (Tân ngữ của tính từ)
It is necessary to learn English.
I am happy to live here.
• Adverb of purposes (Trạng từ chỉ mục đích)
He saved money to buy a bike.
He bought this book to read.
• Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của động từ)
a Động từ đi sau các động từ dưới đây thường ở dạng to V1
Agree Offer Decide Appear Forget
* Refuse Attemp
t
Promise Manag
e
Arrang e
Preten d
Dare
Threate n
b Có hai cấu trúc sau những động từ này:
Wan t
As k
Expec t
Mea n
Would like
Would prefer
hel p
c Những động từ dưới đây thường được sử dụng với cấu trúc:
V + object + to + V1
Tell Remind Force Enable Persuade
Trang 2r e
d Những động từ sau được sử dụng với hai cấu trúc:
He doesn’t allow smoking in his house He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.
Advis e
recommen d
encourag e
Allo w
permi t
Bare infinitive (Nguyên mẫu không To)
Sau các động từ sau các động từ khác thường ở dạng V1: make, let, help, notice, watch, hear, see, used t, had better, would rather, …
II Gerunds (Danh động từ)
a Form (Cấu trúc)
Khẳng định: V+ ING Phủ định: NOT + V-ING
Bị động: BEING + V3/-ed
b Functions (Chức năng)
• Subject (Chủ từ)
Smoking is bad for our health.
Learning English is very useful.
• Object of a preposition ( Tân ngữ của giới từ)
Sau giới từ động từ phải luôn luôn được sử dụng dưới dạng Gerund
He is very interested in learning English.
My father gave up smoking many years ago.
He is looking forward to seeing you.
Sau đây là một số tính từ + giới từ:
Accustomed to :(quen với) - Afraid of - successful in ( thành công về ) - hopeful of ( hy vọng về ) - bored with ( chán ) -capable of ( có khả năng ) - (be) used to ( quen với) - proud of ( hãnh diện về ) - responsible for ( có trách nhiệm về ) - excited about (kích động về ) - interested in - famous for - fond of - ashamed of ( xấu hổ về ) -surprised at ( ngạc nhiên về ) - tired of ( chán ), tired from ( mệt ) opposed to ( phản đối ) essential to ( cần thiết ) - worried about ( lo lắng về )
• Complement (Bổ ngữ)
His hobby is collecting stamps.
• Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của động từ)
Danh động từ thường đi sau một số động từ dưới đây:
Finis
Postpon e Dela
y Suggest Avoid Practice risk regret keep prefer appreciate mention like hate
I don’t mind helping you.
He denied stealing the car.
Trang 3I hate doing my homework.
Danh động từ còn được dùng sau một số cụm từ sau:
It’s no use, look forward to, can’t help, can’t bear, have difficulty, there is no point in, it is worth, spend / waste (time) ,it is no good …
B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
1. He wanted (see) _the house where the president was born
2. He is expected (arrive) _in a few days
3. I would like him (go) _ to a university but I can’t (make) him go
4. I am looking forward (see) _ you
5. I arranged (meet) _them there
6. He urged us (work) _faster
7. I wish (see) _the manager
8. It is no use (wait) _him
9. He warned her (not touch) _the wire
10. Don’t forget (clock) _the door before (go)
_to bed
11. My mother told me (not speak) _too anyone about it
12. He tried (explain) _but she refused (listen)
_
13. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _between the courses
14. He decided (disguise) himself by (dress)
_as a women
15. I am prepared (wait) _here all night if necessary
16. Would you mind (show) _me how (work)
_the lift
17. After (walk) _three hours we stopped (rest) _and let the others (catch) up with us
18. I am beginning (understand) _what you mean
19. The boy likes (play) _games but hates (do)
exercises
20. I regret (inform) _you that your application has been refused
21. I don’t allow (smoke) _in my drawing-room
22. I don’t allow my family (smoke) _at all
23. He surprised us all by (go) away without (say)
‘Good-bye’
24. Please go on (write) _; I don’t mind
_ (wait)
25. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _recognized
26. Before (give) _evidence you must swear (speak)
_the truth
27. I tried (persuade) him (agree) _with your proposal
28. Your windows need (clean) .Would you like me (do)
_them for you
29. Would you mind (shut) _the window? I hate (sit)
_in a draught
30. I can’t help (sneeze) ; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit)
_in a draught
Trang 431. Stop (talk) _; I am trying (finish)
_a letter
32. His doctor advised him (give) _up (jog)
_
33. My watch keeps (stop) _
34. People used (make) _fire by (rub) two sticks together
35. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring)
36. If you go on (let) _your dog (chase)
_cars he will end by (be) _run over
37. I prefer (drive) _to (be)
_driven
38. I advise you (start) _ (look)
_for a flat at once
39. Would you mind (lend) _me some money? I forgot (cash) a cheque
40. (Lie) _on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit)
_in the office
41. She like her children (go) _to the dentist every six months
42. An instructor is coming (show) _us how (use)
_the machine
43. I have no intention of (go) _to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _my favorite actress in such dreadful part
44. I suggest (telephone) _the hospitals before (ask)
_the police (look) _for him
45. After (hear) _the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition
46. Some people seem (have) the passion for (write) _to the newspapers
47. He expects me (answer) _by return but I have no intention of (reply) _at all
48. He postponed (make) _a decision until it was too late (do) _anything
49. Try (forget) _it; It isn’t worth (worry) _about it
50. There is no point in (remain) _in a dangerous place if you can’t
do anything (help) _the people who have (stay) _ there