Bài tập lớn Chương trình dịch – Đề số 13

1.Nguyễn Thị Hồng Trang2.Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hải 3.Dương Thị Thanh Thúy  Thực hiện chuyển đổi kiểu từ nguyên sang thực khi cần thiết..  Quá trình phân tích cú pháp được thực hiện theo ph

1.Nguyễn Thị Hồng Trang

2.Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hải

3.Dương Thị Thanh Thúy

 Thực hiện chuyển đổi kiểu từ nguyên sang thực khi cần thiết

Yêu cầu:

 Viết chương trình bằng tay

 Quá trình phân tích cú pháp được thực hiện theo phương pháp từ dưới lên

 Giai đoạn xử lý ngữ nghĩa sinh viên phải thực hiện bằng cách đặt các hành

vi ngữ nghĩa vào bản đặc tả cú pháp

A Những nội dung liên quan tới yêu cầu của đề bài

Printf(“Bạn đạt loại Giỏi”);

II Các phát biểu kết thúc bằng dấu ;

Đa số các câu lệnh kết thúc bằng dấu ;, dùng để ngăn cách các câu lệnh Ví

dụ như: Phát biểu gán (a=0, gán 0 cho biến a), khai báo biến, hằng (float a, khai báo biến a có kiểu số thực)…

4 Toán tử chọn theo điều kiện

(Điều kiện) ? biểu thức 1 : biểu thức 2

- Điều kiện đúng thì biểu thức nhận giá trị biểu thức 1, các trường hợp còn lại bằngbiểu thức 2

Kiểu tên_mảng [kích_thước_chiều1][kích_thước_chiều2]…[kích_thước_chiều_n]

6 Độ ưu tiên của phép toán

- Có 15 mức ưu tiên, thường thì các toán tử 1 ngôi có độ ưu tiên cao hơn 2 ngôi Thứ tự ưu tiên được chỉ rõ hơn trong dấu ()

7 Chuyển đổi kiểu nguyên sang kiểu số thực

int i;

- Chuyển kiểu: (float) i;

B Phân tích từ vựng

I Bảng token

hoặc dấu gạch chân theo sau là số hoặcchữ, dấu gạch chân và không trùng vớikhóa

type → int | float

h Các token khác

=

7 6

1 0

* num

* real

Chú ý: Một số trạng thái có thêm một dấu * để chỉ ra đồ thị chuyển đã xử lý quá

một ký tự của phần khác Ký hiệu này được lưu và trả lại khi đoán nhận phần khác

5 6

4 3

2 +

] ) (

/

* -

other 6

C Phân tích cú pháp

I Định nghĩa văn phạm tổng quát

S → void main leftpar rightpar block

block → begin assign_list end

assign_list → assign assign_list |

assign → dec_var | begin assign_list end | pbif

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var

id1 → coma id1 | open num close id1 |

pbif → if expr pbif | if expr pbif else pbif | begin assign_list end |

id asg expr semicolonexpr → exp aws expr colon expr

exp → exp or exp1 | exp1

exp1 → exp1 and term | term

term → term relop1 term1 | term1

term1 → term1 relop2 term2 | term2

!

1 8

19

2 0

15

13 14 12

17

21

11 }

term2 → term2 op1 term3| term3

term3 → term3 op2 factor | factor

factor → not factor1

factor1 → leftpar exp rightpar| id | num | real

* Văn phạm tăng cường

S’ → S(1) S → dec_var void main leftpar rightpar block(2) dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var(4) id1 → coma id id1

(5) id1 → open num close id1

(6) id1 →

(7) block → begin assign_list end

(8) assign_list → assign assign_list

(9) assign_list →

(10) assign → dec_var

(11) assign → if expr assign

(12) assign → if expr assign else assign

(13) assign → begin assign_list end

(14) assign → id asg expr semicolon

(15) expr → exp aws expr colon expr

(26) term2 → term3

(27) term3 → term3 op2 factor

(28) term3 → factor

(29) factor → not factor1

(30) factor1 → leftpar expr rightpar(31) factor1 → id

(32) factor1 → num

(33) factor1 → real

(34) factor1 → leftpar type rightpar id

II Các ký hiệu kết thúc và chưa kết thúc

S → dec_var void main leftpar rightpar block, $

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, void

dec_var → , void

-goto(I0, S)

I 1: S’→S., $

goto(I0, dec_var)

-I 2: S → dec_var void main leftpar rightpar block, $

goto(I0, type)

-I 3: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, void

goto(I2, void)

-I 4: S → dec_var void main leftpar rightpar block, $

goto(I3, id)

-I 5: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, void

id1 → coma id id1, semicolon

id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

id1 → , semicolon

goto(I4, main)

-I 6: S → dec_var void main leftpar rightpar block, $

goto(I5, id1)

-I 7: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, void

goto(I5, coma)

-I 8: id1 → coma id id1, semicolon

goto(I5, open)

-I 9: id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

goto(I6, leftpar)

-I 10: S → dec_var void main leftpar rightpar block, $

goto(I7, semicolon)

-I 11: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, void

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, void

goto(I8, id)

-I 12: id1 → coma id id1, semicolon

id1 → coma id id1, semicolon

id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

id1 → , semicolon

goto(I9, num)

-I 13: id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

goto(I10, rightpar)

-I 14: S → dec_var void main leftpar rightpar block, $

block → begin assign_list end, $

goto(I11, dec_var)

-I 15: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var., void

goto(I11, type) ≡ I3

goto(I12, id1)

-I 16: id1 → coma id id1., semicolon

goto(I12, coma) ≡ I8, goto(I12, open) ≡ I9

goto(I13, close)

-I 17: id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

id1 → coma id id1, semicolon

id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

id1 → , semicolon

I 19: block → begin assign_list end, $

assign_list → assign assign_list, end

assign_list → , end

assign → dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if |

assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if |

-goto(I17, id)

I 20: id1 → open num close id1., semicolon

goto(I17, coma) ≡ I8, goto(I17, open) ≡ I9

I 22: assign_list → assign assign_list, end

assign_list → assign assign_list, end

assign_list → , end

assign → dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if |

assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if |

I 25: assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

expr → exp aws expr colon expr, type | begin | id | if |

expr → exp, type | begin | id | if |

exp → exp or exp1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or |

exp → exp1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or |

exp1 → exp1 and term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

exp1 → term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

term → term relop1 term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and | relop1 |

term → term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and | relop1 |

term1 → term1 relop2 term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| and| relop1|relop2|



term1 → term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| and| relop1|relop2|

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|

term2 → term3, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|

term3→.term3 op2 factor,type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|



term3 → factor, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

factor → not factor1, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

goto(I19, begin)

-I 26: assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if |

assign_list → assign assign_list, end

assign_list → , end

assign → dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if |

assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if |

goto(I19, id)

-I 27: assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if |

I 29: assign_list → assign assign_list., end

goto(I22, assign) ≡ I22, goto(I22, dec_var) ≡ I23, goto(I22, type) ≡ I24

goto(I22, if) ≡ I25, goto(I22, begin) ≡ I26, goto(I22, id) ≡ I27

goto(I24, id)

I 30: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

id1 → coma id id1, semicolon

id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

id1 → , semicolon

-goto(I25, expr)

I 31: assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → dec_var, type | begin | id | if | | else

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if | | elseassign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if | | esle

assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if | | else

-goto(I25, exp)

I 32: expr → exp aws expr colon expr, type | begin | id | if |

expr → exp., type | begin | id | if |

exp → exp or exp1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or |

-goto(I25, exp1)

I 33: exp → exp1., type | begin | id | if | aws | or |

exp1 → exp1 and term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

-goto(I25, term)

I 34: exp1 → term., type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

term → term relop1 term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and | relop1 |

-goto(I25, term1)

I 35: term → term1., type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and | relop1 |

term1 → term1 relop2 term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| and| relop1|relop2|



-goto(I25, term2)

I 36: term1 → term2., type| begin| id| if| aws| or| and| relop1|relop2|

term2 →term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|

-goto(I25, term3)

I 37: term2 → term3., type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|

term3→term3 op2 factor,type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|



I 39: factor → not factor1, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

factor1 → leftpar expr rightpar,type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

factor1 → id, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

factor1 → num, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

factor1 → real, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

factor1 → leftpar type rightpar id, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

-goto(I26, assign_list)

I 40: assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if |

goto(I26, assign) ≡ I22, goto(I26, dec_var) ≡ I23, goto(I26, type) ≡ I24

goto(I26, if) ≡ I25, goto(I26, begin) ≡ I26, goto(I26, id) ≡ I27

-goto(I27, asg)

I 41: assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if |

expr → exp aws expr colon expr, semicolon

expr → exp, semicolon

exp → exp or exp1, semicolon | aws | or

exp → exp1, semicolon | aws | or

exp1 → exp1 and term, semicolon | aws | or | and

exp1 → term, semicolon | aws | or | and

term → term relop1 term1, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1

term → term1, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1

term1 → term1 relop2 term2, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2

term1 → term2, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 | op1term2 → term3, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 | op1

term3→.term3 op2 factor, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2term3 → factor, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2

factor → not factor1, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2 -

goto(I30, id1)

I 42: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

Goto(I30, coma) ≡ I8, goto(I30, open) ≡ I9

Goto(I31, assign)

I 43: assign → if expr assign., type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

I 46: assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

expr → exp aws expr colon expr, type | begin | id | if |

expr → exp, type | begin | id | if |

exp → exp or exp1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or |

exp → exp1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or |

exp1 → exp1 and term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

exp1 → term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

term → term relop1 term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and | relop1 |

term → term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and | relop1 |

term1 → term1 relop2 term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| and|

relop1|relop2|

term1 → term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| and| relop1|relop2|

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|

relop1|relop2|op1|

term2 → term3, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|

term3→.term3 op2 factor,type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

term3 → factor, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

factor → not factor1,type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2|

goto(I31, begin)

I 47: assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign_list → assign assign_list, end

assign_list → , end

assign → dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if |

assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if |

I 49: expr → exp aws expr colon expr, type | begin | id | if |

expr → exp aws expr colon expr, colon

expr → exp, colon

exp → exp or exp1, colon | aws | or

exp → exp1, colon | aws | or

exp1 → exp1 and term, colon | aws | and | or

exp1 → term, colon | aws | and | or

term → term relop1 term1, colon | aws | and | relop1 | or

term → term1, colon | aws | and | relop1 | or

term1 → term1 relop2 term2, colon | aws | and | relop1 | relop2 | or

term1 → term2, colon | aws | and | relop1 | relop2 | or

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, colon|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1

term2 → term3, colon |aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1

term3→.term3 op2 factor,colon|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2

term3 → factor, colon|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2

factor → not factor1, colon|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|op2

Goto(I32, or)

I 50: exp → exp or exp1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or |

exp1 → exp1 and term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | | and

exp1 → term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | | and

term → term relop1 term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | | and | relop1term → term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | | and | relop1

term1 →.term1 relop2 term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1|relop2

term1 → term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1

term2 → term3, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2| op1

term3 → term3 op2 factor, type|begin|id|if|aws|or| |and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2term3 → factor, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2factor →.not factor1, type|begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2 -

Goto(I33, and)

I 51: exp1 → exp1 and term, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

term → term relop1 term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | | and | relop1term → term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | | and | relop1

term1 →.term1 relop2 term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1|relop2

term1 → term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1

term2 → term3, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2| op1

term3 → term3 op2 factor, type|begin|id|if|aws|or| |and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2term3 → factor, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2factor →.not factor1, type|begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2 -

Goto(I34, relop1)

I 52: term → term relop1 term1, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and | relop1 |

term1 →.term1 relop2 term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1|relop2

term1 → term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1

term2 → term3, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2| op1

term3 → term3 op2 factor, type|begin|id|if|aws|or| |and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2term3 → factor, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2factor →.not factor1, type|begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2 -Goto(I35, relop2)

I 53: term1 → term1 relop2 term2, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| and| relop1|relop2|



term2 →.term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1

term2 → term3, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2| op1

term3 → term3 op2 factor, type|begin|id|if|aws|or| |and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2term3 → factor, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2factor →.not factor1, type|begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2 -

Goto(I36, op1)

I 54: term2 →term2 op1 term3, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|relop1|relop2|op1|

term3 → term3 op2 factor, type|begin|id|if|aws|or| |and|

relop1|relop2|op1|op2term3 → factor, type| begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2factor →.not factor1, type|begin| id| if| aws| or| | and| relop1| relop2|op1|op2 -

I 57: factor1 → leftpar expr rightpar, type | begin | id | if | aws | or | and |

relop1| relop2 |op1 |op2 |

expr → exp aws expr colon expr, rightpar

expr → exp, rightpar

exp → exp or exp1, rightpar | aws | or

exp → exp1, rightpar | aws | or

exp1 → exp1 and term, rightpar | aws | or | and

exp1 → term, rightpar | aws | or | and

term → term relop1 term1, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1

term → term1, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1

term1 → term1 relop2 term2, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1 | relop2

term1 → term2, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1 | relop2

term2 →.term2 op1 term3, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1 | relop2 | op1term2 → term3, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1 | relop2 | op1

term3→.term3 op2 factor, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1 | relop2 | op1| op2term3 → factor, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1 | relop2 | op1| op2

factor → not factor1, rightpar | aws | or | and | relop1 | relop2 | op1| op2factor1 → leftpar type rightpar id, type|begin|id|if|aws|or|and|

I 63: expr → exp aws expr colon expr, semicolon

expr → exp., semicolon

exp → exp or exp1, semicolon | aws | or

-Goto(I41, exp1)

I 64: exp → exp1., semicolon | aws | or

exp1 → exp1 and term, semicolon | aws | or | and

-Goto(I41, term)

I 65: exp1 → term., semicolon | aws | or | and

term → term relop1 term1, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1

-Goto(I41, term1)

I 66: term → term1., semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1

term1 → term1 relop2 term2, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 -

Goto(I41, term2)

I 67: term1 → term2., semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2

term2 →term2 op1 term3, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 | op1 -

Goto(I41, term3)

I 68: term2 → term3., semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 | op1

term3→term3 op2 factor, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2 -

Goto(I41, factor)

I 69: term3 → factor., semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2

-Goto(I41, not)

I 70: factor → not factor1, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2

factor1 → leftpar expr rightpar, semicolon| aws| or| and| relop1| relop2|op1|

op2factor1 → id, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2

factor1 → num, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2

factor1 → real, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2 |op1|op2

factor1 → leftpar type rightpar id, semicolon | aws | or | and | relop1| relop2

|op1|op2 -

Goto(I42, semicolon)

I 71: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

dec_var → , type | begin | id | if |

-Goto(I43, else)

I 72: assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if |

assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if |

assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if |

-Goto(I45, id)

I 73: dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if | | else

id1 → coma id id1, semicolon

id1 → open num close id1, semicolon

id1 → , semicolon

-goto(I46, expr)

I 74: assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → dec_var, type | begin | id | if | | else

dec_var → type id id1 semicolon dec_var, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → if expr assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → if expr assign else assign, type | begin | id | if | | else

assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if | | esle

assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if | | else

goto(I46, exp) ≡ I32, goto(I46, exp1) ≡ I33, goto(I46, term) ≡ I34, goto(I46, term1) ≡ I35,goto(I46, term2) ≡ I36, goto(I46, term3) ≡ I37, goto(I46, factor) ≡ I38,

goto(I46, not) ≡ I39

-Goto(I47, assign_list)

I 75: assign → begin assign_list end, type | begin | id | if | | else

goto(I26, assign) ≡ I22, goto(I26, dec_var) ≡ I23, goto(I26, type) ≡ I24

goto(I26, if) ≡ I25, goto(I26, begin) ≡ I26, goto(I26, id) ≡ I27

-Goto(I48, asg)

I 76: assign → id asg expr semicolon, type | begin | id | if | | else