theory of communication powerpoint chapter 2 language change : Variation, change, improvements

CHAPTER 2: LANGUAGE CHANGEThe regularity of sound change & Phonological change Group 5: Le Ngan Ha Pham Thi Thu Hien Luu Thi Huong Le Thi Mai... THE REGULARITY OF SOUND CHANGESound corre

CHAPTER 2: LANGUAGE CHANGE

The regularity of sound change

& Phonological change

Group 5:

Le Ngan Ha Pham Thi Thu Hien Luu Thi Huong

Le Thi Mai

Why OLD ENGLISH must be

How is English chronologically

divided?

Old English

(449-1066)

Middle English (1066- 1500)

Modern English (1500- now)

Changes in grammars

Children acquire new grammars.

These changes

are perpetuated

THE REGULARITY OF SOUND CHANGE

Sound correspondence

- The southern US represents a major

dialect area of Ame English

- The [ai] and [a:] correspondence

between these 2 dialects is an example

of a regular sound correspondence

+ [ai] – non-southern dialects

+ [a:] – southern dialect

THE REGULARITY OF SOUND CHANGE

Sound correspondence

Words Modern English Middle English

=> SOUND SHIFT

The Romance languages

French

dialects of Latin

Spanish

/p/

/f/

How to know the Germanic &

Romance languages have a common ancestor?

 The large number of sound correspondence

corresponde nce

 There are many between the Germanic &

Romance languages -> hard to explain the prevalence of such

regular sound correspondence

A common ancestor language used a p in words

 more languages show ‘p’ in these words

 a sound change: p-> f in some groups

=> the ancestor pf the Germanic languages

Changes in phonological system

Knowing a language

• /x/: velar fricative that no

longer part of the phonemic inventory of most Modern

The inventory of

sounds changed

by

Loss of phonemes Addition of new

phonemes

An allophone can become phonemic

Old English

A geminate phoneme / f:/

Contrasted

with /f/

Pronounced as

a long /f:/ btw vowels

Lacked a phoneme /v/

The /f/ had the allophone /v/ btw vowels

Deletion of unstressed short vowels at the end of

the words

The loss of both unstressed vowel deletion rule and the intervocalic- voicing rule Changes in

lexicon

Changes in

phonological

rules

Dialect difference

s

• “ r- dropping “ rule in English

• Effect of “ r-less “ pronunciation of

BE and AE dialects in Boston and southern US

The standpoint of the

L as a whole

Phonological changes occur over the course

of many generations

of speakers

Although given speaker’s grammar may or may not reflect the change

The great vowel shift

 a major change

 resulting in new phonemic

representations of words and

morphemes

Modern English Modern English

Early middle English

Middle

English

vowel

Shifted vowel Short counterpart Word with shift vowel Word with short vowel Effect of

the vowel shift on modern English

QUESTION 1

What’s the protolanguage?

Germanic languages such as English and German are socially related to the Romance languages such as

French and Spanish

QUESTION 2

TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE GENETICALLY

Filling in the blank

All living languages change so rather………compared to the human life span

QUESTION 3

slowly

Centuries ago English underwent a phonological change in which [u:] became [aʊ].

What is phonological change called?

Changes in phonological rules can, and often do, result in

…………

DIALECT DIFFERENCES

QUESTION 5

What do regular sound

correspondences illustrates?

CHANGES IN PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM

QUESTION 6

How many vowels of Middle

English underwent the change?

1 please- pleasant

2 sane- sanity

3 crime-criminal

The vowel in the second word

of each pair were shortened

QUESTION 8