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CITY c 2011 Dorling Kindersley.. PDVN 3RNHUFKLSV c 2011 Dorling Kindersley.. V\PERORI &KLQDWRZQ &RORUHGGLDPRQGV-RKDQQHVEXUJ6RXWK$IULFD 3URGXFWLRQPDQDJHU3DQNDM6KDUPD +HDGRISXEOLVKLQJ$SDUQ

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CITY

(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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PDVN

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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Contents

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What is a city?

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Trang 9

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The first towns

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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Where and why?

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($6<75$16,7

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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Spires and domes

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Eternal cities

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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Forgotten cities

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Trade and industry

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved.

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City zones

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Trang 27

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Urban anatomy

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9(57,&$/3/$11,1*

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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Trang 31

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Urban sprawl

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Trang 33

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Trang 34

People pressure

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

Trang 36

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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Trang 39

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Trang 40

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(c) 2011 Dorling Kindersley All Rights Reserved

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Under our feet

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Trang 26

City zones

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