Surfer 12 users guide preview

71 Changing Contour Line Properties .... 74 Setting Advanced Contour Level Properties .... 100 Lesson 10 - Creating Maps from Different Coordinate Systems .... 416 Assigning Line Pro

Quick Start Guide

2D & 3D Graphing for Scientists, Engineers & Business Professionals

www.GoldenSoftware.com

Full User’s Guide Golden Software, Inc.

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_

Powerful Contouring, Gridding,

and Surface Mapping

Golden Software, Inc

809 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401-1866, U.S.A

Phone: 303-279-1021 Fax: 303-279-0909

www.GoldenSoftware.com

Copyright Golden Software, Inc 2014

The Surfer ® User’s Guide is furnished under a single user license agreement Only a

single user may use a single user’s guide.With the purchase of the Surfer User’s

Guide, the user is entitled to download the user’s guide content to one (1) electronic medium and print one (1) hardcopy No part of this document or the related files may

be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) thereafter Contents are subject to change without notice

Surfer is a registered trademark of Golden Software, Inc All other trademarks are the

property of their respective owners

January 2014

Chapter 1 - Introducing Surfer  

Introduction to Surfer® 1 

Who Uses Surfer? 2 

New Features 2 

User Friendly 2 

Map Features 3 

Gridding Features 4 

Drawing and Boundary Editing Features 4 

Data Features 4 

Import and Export Improvements 5 

Automation 6 

Projections, Coordinate Systems, and Datums 6 

System Requirements 8 

Installation Directions 8 

Installing Surfer 8 

Updating Surfer 9 

Uninstalling Surfer 9 

Surfer Demo Functionality 10 

A Note about the Documentation 10 

Surfer User Interface 11 

Opening Windows 13 

Selecting and Closing Windows 13 

Unsaved Changes 13 

Plot Document 14 

Worksheet Document 15 

Grid Node Editor 15 

Object Manager 18 

Opening and Closing the Object Manager 18 

Auto Hide the Object Manager 18 

Object Manager Tree 19 

Arranging Objects 19 

Object Visibility 20 

Opening Object Properties 20 

Selecting Objects 21 

Scroll in Object Manager 21 

Property Manager 21 

Expand and Collapse Features 22 

Changing Properties 22 

Applying Property Manager Changes 23 

Keyboard Commands 23 

Property Defaults 23 

Property Manager Information Area 23 

Changing the Window Layout 24 

Visibility 24 

Auto-Hiding Managers 24 

Size 25 

Position 25 

Docking Mechanism 25 

Restoring the Managers and Windows to Their Original Locations 26 

Tabbed Documents 26 

Toolbars 27 

Show or Hide Toolbars 27 

Tool Tip Display of Button Function 27 

Customize Toolbars 27 

Toolbar Positions 28 

Types of Toolbars 28 

Status Bar 30 

Status Bar Sections 30 

Adjust Section Width 30 

Progress 31 

Cancel 31 

Rulers 31 

Drawing Grid 31 

Reset Windows 32 

Surfer Flow Chart 33 

Three-Minute Tour 33 

Example Surfer Files 33 

Overview of Sample Surfer SRF Files 34 

Using Surfer 36 

Using Scripter 39 

File Types 40 

Data Files 40 

Grid Files 40 

Boundary Files 40 

Surfer Files 40 

Map Types 41 

Contour Maps 41 

Base Map 41 

Post Maps 42 

Image Maps and Shaded Relief Maps 42 

Vector Maps 43 

Watershed Maps 43 

3D Surfaces 44 

3D Wireframes 44 

Introduction to Map Layers 45 

Using Map Layers 46 

Layers and 3D Wireframes 46 

Layers and 3D Surfaces 46 

Layer Exceptions 46 

Layer Map Limits 50 

Editing a Map Layer 50 

Hiding a Map Layer 50 

Removing a Map Layer 50 

Deleting a Map Layer 50 

Coordinate System Overview 51 

Source Coordinate System - Map Layer 51 

Target Coordinate System - Map 52 

Setting the Coordinate System 53 

Getting Help 54 

Online Help 54 

Context Sensitive Help 54 

Internet Help 54 

Automation Help 55 

Complete the Surfer Tutorial 55 

Technical Support 56 

Register Serial Number 56 

Suggestions 56 

Golden Software Contact Information 57 

Chapter 2 - Tutorial   Tutorial Introduction 59 

Tutorial Overview 59 

Advanced Tutorial Lessons 60 

Using the Tutorial with the Demo Version 60 

A Note about the User’s Guide and Online Help 60 

Surfer Flow Chart 61 

Starting Surfer 61 

Lesson 1 - Viewing and Creating Data 62 

Opening an Existing Data File 63 

Adding New Data 64 

Creating a New Data File 65 

Saving the Data File 67 

Lesson 2 - Creating a Grid File 67 

How are grid files produced? 67 

Creating a Grid File 68 

Lesson 3 - Creating a Contour Map 70 

What are contour maps used for? 70 

Creating a Contour Map 71 

Changing Contour Levels 71 

Changing Contour Line Properties 72 

Changing Contour Fill Properties 74 

Setting Advanced Contour Level Properties 76 

Adding, Deleting, and Moving Contour Labels 79 

Exporting 3D Contours 80 

Lesson 4 - Modifying an Axis 81 

Adding an Axis Title 81 

Changing the Tick Label Properties 82 

Lesson 5 - Posting Data Points and Working with Layers 83 

How are map layers added to existing maps? 83 

Adding a Post Map Layer 84 

Changing the Post Map Properties 84 

Adding Labels to the Post Map Layer 86 

Moving Individual Post Map Labels 87 

Lesson 6 - Creating a Profile 88 

Creating the Profile 88 

Lesson 7 - Saving a Map 90 

Saving a Map 90 

Lesson 8 - Creating a 3D Surface Map 90 

Creating a 3D Surface Map 91 

Adding a Mesh 92 

Changing the 3D Surface Layer Colors 92 

Adding a Map Layer 94 

Lesson 9 - Adding Transparency, Color Scales, and Titles 95 

What is transparency used for? 95 

What are color scales? 96 

How can these features improve the final map? 96 

Creating a Filled Contour Map 96 

Adding Transparency to Map Layers 96 

Adding and Editing a Color Scale 97 

Adding a Shaded Relief Map Layer 99 

Adding a Map Title 100 

Lesson 10 - Creating Maps from Different Coordinate Systems 101 

What is a Map Coordinate System? 101 

What is a Coordinate System Used For? 102 

Creating the First Map Layer 102 

Adding a Post Map Layer 103 

Setting the Target Coordinate System for the Map 105 

Downloading an Online Base Map Layer 106 

Adding Text to the Base Map Layer 108 

Optional Advanced Lessons 110 

Lesson 11 - Custom Toolbars and Keyboard Commands 110 

Creating Keyboard Shortcuts 111 

Lesson 12 - Overlaying Map Layers 112 

Method 1: Overlaying Two Existing Maps by Dragging in the Object Manager 114 

Method 2: Overlaying Two Existing Maps by using the Map | Add Command 116 

Method 3: Overlaying Maps with the Map | Overlay Maps Command 116 

Method 4: Combing Maps from Different Surfer Files 117 

Lesson 13 - Blank A Grid File 118 

Lesson 14 - Changing the Projection in the Worksheet 120 

Tutorial Complete 123 

Chapter 3 - Data Files and the Worksheet   Data Files 125 

XYZ Data Files 125 

Missing Entries 126 

Multiple Columns 126 

Additional Information 127 

Data as Numbers or Text 127 

Data as Date/Time 129 

Data File Formats 130 

Import Data File Formats 130 

Export Data File Formats 130 

Worksheet Document 131 

Components of a Worksheet Window 132 

Opening a Worksheet Window 133 

Working with Worksheet Data 134 

Selecting Cells 134 

Entering Data Into a Cell 136 

Selecting a Column or Row Dividing Line 136 

Active Cell 137 

Creating a New Worksheet 141 

Pasting Data 141 

Importing Data 142 

Data Import Options Dialog 144 

Importing a Database 147 

Data Linking 148 

Edit Menu Commands 154 

Undo 154 

Redo 154 

Cut 154 

Copy 154 

Pasting Data 155 

Clearing Data from Cells 155 

Inserting Cells 155 

Deleting Cells 156 

Find 157 

Find Next 160 

Replace 160 

View Menu Commands 161 

Track Cursor 161 

Format Menu Commands 165 

Format Cells 165 

Column Width 169 

Row Height 171 

Data Menu Commands 173 

Sorting Data 173 

Transforming Data 175 

Spatial Filter 180 

Calculating Statistics 184 

Statistics References 193 

Text To Number 194 

Transposing Data 196 

Assigning XYZ Columns 197 

Assign Coordinate Systems 198 

New Projected Coordinates 198 

Saving Data Files 200 

File Types 200 

Use Caution when Saving Excel Files! 200 

Page Setup - Worksheet 200 

Page Setup (Worksheet) - Page 200 

Page Setup (Worksheet) - Margins 202 

Page Setup (Worksheet) - Options 203 

Print - Worksheet 205 

Printer 205 

Print Range 206 

Number of Copies 206 

Collate 206 

OK or Cancel 206 

Worksheet Specifications 206 

Example 1 207 

Chapter 4 - Creating Grid Files   Introduction to Grid Files 209 

Creating a Grid File 210 

To Create a Grid File from an XYZ Data File 210 

Grid Data Dialog 211 

Data Columns 212 

Filter Data 213 

View Data 213 

Statistics 213 

Grid Report 213 

Gridding Method and Advanced Options 213 

Cross Validate 214 

Output Grid File 214 

Grid Line Geometry 214 

Convex Hull of Data 216 

Z Transform 216 

Grid Line Geometry Example 218 

Convex Hull Example 219 

Data Filters 220 

The Filter Dialog 220 

Cross Validate 223 

The Cross Validation Process 224 

Using Cross Validation 224 

The Cross Validation Dialog 225 

Cross Validation References 227 

General Gridding Options 227 

Search 227 

Blanking Values 231 

Anisotropy 232 

Breaklines and Faults 236 

Using Breaklines and Faults when Gridding 237 

Breaklines 237 

Faults 239 

Specify Advanced Gridding Options 240 

Introduction to Gridding Methods 241 

General Gridding Recommendations 242 

Choosing Methods Based on the Number of XYZ Data Points 243 

Gridding Method Comparison 244 

Exact and Smoothing Interpolators 248 

Weighted Averaging 249 

Gridding Methods 250 

Inverse Distance to a Power 250 

Kriging 253 

Minimum Curvature 259 

Modified Shepard's Method 264 

Natural Neighbor 265 

Nearest Neighbor 267 

Polynomial Regression 269 

Radial Basis Function 270 

Triangulation with Linear Interpolation 273 

Moving Average 275 

Data Metrics 276 

Local Polynomial 285 

Producing a Grid File from a Regular Array of XYZ Data 288 

Reports 289 

Report Types 290 

Information Contained in Each Report Section 291 

Grid Function 302 

Grid Function Dialog 302 

Chapter 5 - Introduction to Variograms   Variogram Overview 305 

The Variogram 306 

Kriging and Variograms 306 

The Variogram Grid 307 

Variogram Model 310 

Nugget Effect 310 

Scale 310 

Sill 310 

Length 311 

Variance 311 

Pairs 311 

Model Curve 311 

Experimental Curve 311 

Creating a Variogram 312 

New Variogram Dialog Data Page 312 

New Variogram Dialog - General Page 314 

Variogram Properties 316 

Experimental Page 316 

Model Page 321 

Anisotropy 323 

AutoFit 323 

Statistics Page 327 

Plot Page 328 

Variogram Model Components 330 

Default Linear Variogram 334 

Nugget Effect 335 

Export Variogram 336 

Using Variogram Results in Kriging 336 

Smoothing a Variogram with Lag Width 337 

Variogram Tutorial 338 

Variogram Introduction 338 

What Does a Variogram Represent? 339 

What is a Variogram? 341 

The Variogram Grid 343 

Modeling the Omni-Directional Variogram 345 

Modeling the Variogram Anisotropy 349 

Variogram Modeling Rules of Thumb 352 

Variogram Frequently Asked Questions 353 

Suggested Reading - Variograms 359 

Geostatistical References 360 

Chapter 6 - Base Maps   Introduction to Base Map Layers 363 

Creating a Base Map 364 

Adding a Base Map Layer to Other Maps 364 

Coordinates 364 

Limits and Scale 364 

Empty Base Map 365 

Creating a New Empty Base Map 365 

The Base Map Limits Dialog 365 

Base Map from Server 366 

Creating a New Base Map from Server 366 

Editing an Existing Base Map 366 

Base Map Properties 366 

Map Properties 367 

Changing Properties in a Base Map 367 

Change All Objects 367 

Change One Object 368 

Changing Multiple Objects 368 

General Page - Base Map 369 

Input File 369 

Properties 370 

Image Coordinates 370 

Labels Page - Base Map 372 

Example 373 

Example - Template Labels 374 

Layer Page – Base Map 375 

Coordinate System – Base Map 376 

Info Page – Base Map 376 

Assigning Coordinates to an Image Base Map 377 

Remarks 378 

Coordinate System Information 378 

Creating a Blanking File with the Digitize Command 379 

Masking with Background 380 

Download Online Maps Dialog 381 

Data Source 382 

Server Information 382 

Layer Information 382 

Favorites Section 383 

Adding New Data Sources 383 

Editing Custom Data Sources 383 

Deleting Custom Data Sources 384 

Select Area to Download 384 

Select Image Resolution to Download 386 

Image Preview 386 

Log 387 

OK, Cancel and Help 387 

Server Responsiveness 387 

Base Map Naming Convention 388 

Add Data Source Dialog 388 

Name 389 

Type 389 

URL 389 

Next 389 

Back 389 

Cancel or Finish 389 

Help 390 

Edit Data Source Dialog 390 

Name 390 

Type 391 

URL 391 

Next 391 

Back 391 

Cancel or Finish 391 

Help 391 

View Data Source Dialog 392 

Editing the URL 392 

Next 393 

Back 393 

Cancel or Finish 393 

Help 393 

Server Information Dialog 394 

Help 395 

Layer Information Dialog 395 

OK 395 

Help 396 

Chapter 7 - Contour Maps   Introduction to Contour Map Layers 397 

Creating a Contour Map 397 

Adding a Contour Map Layer to Other Maps 398 

Editing an Existing Contour Map 398 

Contour Map Properties 398 

Map Properties Dialog 398 

General Page - Contour Map 399 

Input Grid File 399 

Smoothing 400 

Fault Line 400 

Blanked Regions 401 

Levels Page - Contour Map 401 

Display Simple or Logarithmic Options 401 

Switching Between Level Methods 401 

Data Range 401 

General 402 

Level Method 402 

Minimum Contour 402 

Maximum Contour 403 

Contour Interval 403 

Default Levels 403 

Major Contour Every 403 

Minor Levels Per Decade 404 

Contour Levels 404 

Filled Contours 405 

Fill Contours 405 

Fill Colors 405 

Color Scale 405 

Major Contours 405 

Line Properties 405 

Show Labels 405 

Minor Contours 406 

Line Properties 406 

Show Labels 406 

Labels 406 

Font Properties 406 

Label Format 406 

Label Orientation 406 

Formatting Contour Maps to Display Date/Time Labels 407 

Layer Page – Contour Map 407 

Coordinate System Page – Contour Map 408 

Info Page – Contour Map 409 

Advanced Levels - Contour Map 409 

Display Advanced Options 409 

Switching Between Level Methods 409 

Filled Contours 410 

Fill Contours 410 

Color Scale 410 

Levels for Map Dialog 411 

Contour Levels 412 

Adding or Deleting a Single Contour Level 412 

Editing a Single Contour Level 413 

Changing Multiple Contour Levels 413 

To Create Contour Levels at Regular Intervals 414 

Z Level Dialog 415 

New Value 416 

Contour Lines 416 

Assigning Line Properties to Specific Contour Levels 416 

Assigning the Same Line Properties to all Contour Levels 417 

Setting Line Properties on a Frequency Basis 418 

Assigning Gradational Line Properties 418 

Creating Index (Major) Contours 419 

Line Dialog 422 

Color Filled Contour Maps 425 

Fill Properties - Contours 425 

Displaying Filled Contours 425 

Assigning Color Fill Based on a Colormap 425 

Assigning Color Fill to Specific Contour Levels 427 

Creating a Filled Contour Map Containing Blanked Areas 427 

Displaying a Filled Contour Map without Contour Lines 428 

Setting Fill Properties on a Frequency Basis 429 

Fill Dialog 430 

Contour Labels 432 

Displaying Labels on a Contour Map 432 

Setting Label Properties on a Frequency Basis 433 

Removing All Labels 434 

Edit Contour Labels 435 

Labels Dialog 436 

Contour Hachures 438 

Displaying Hachures 438 

Setting Hachures on a Frequency Basis 439 

Hachures Dialog 440 

Drawing Contours 442 

Smoothing Contours 443 

Masking Portions of a Contour Map with a Base Map 443 

Exporting Contours 445 

AutoCAD DXF 445 

2D SHP 445 

3D SHP 445 

Text Format 445 

To export 3D contour lines 446 

Level Files – Contour Maps 446 

Creating Level Files 446 

Using Level Files 447 

Creating Level Files in the Worksheet 447 

Creating Level Files from the Worksheet 447 

Color Scale Bar - Contour Map 448 

Color Scale Bar Visibility 448 

Adding a Color Scale Bar 448 

Removing a Color Scale Bar 448 

Editing a Color Scale Bar 449 

Chapter 8 - Post Maps  

Post Map 451 

Data Files 451 

Creating a Post Map 452 

Adding a Post Map Layer to Other Maps 452 

Editing an Existing Post Map 452 

Post Map Properties 452 Map Properties 452 Data Files Used for Posting 453 

XY Coordinates in the Data File 453 

Z Values in the Data File 453 

Data Labels in the Data File 454 

Symbol Specifications in the Data File 454 

Symbol Index 454 

Symbol Angle Values from the Data File 455 

Symbol Color from the Data File 455 

Updating Post Map and Classed Post Map Data Files 455 

To automatically update a post or classed post map: 455 

To manually update a post or classed post map: 456 

General Page - Post Map 456 

Symbol Angle Section 459 

Angle Column 460 

Default Angle (degrees) 460 

Symbol Size Section 460 

Labels Page – Post Map 464 

Label Sets 464 

Label Set 464 

Add Label Set 464 

Remove Label Set 465 

Label Set # 465 

Worksheet Column 465 

Position Relative to Symbol 465 

X Offset and Y Offset 466 Angle (degrees) 466 Font 466 

Layer Page – Post Map 470 

Opacity 470 

Coordinate System Page – Post Map 470 

Coordinate System 471 

Info Page – Post Map 471 

Creating a Post Map with Multiple Labels 471 

Edit Post Labels 471 

Enter Edit Post Labels Mode 472 

Move Individual Post Labels 472 Exit Edit Post Labels Mode 472 Move Around the Plot Window in Edit Mode 472 

Custom Label Location and Changed Coordinate System 472 

Reset Labels to Default 472 

Chapter 9 - Classed Post Maps  

Classed Post Map 475 

Data Files 475 

Creating a New Classed Post Map 475 

Adding a Classed Post Map Layer to Other Maps 476 

Editing an Existing Classed Post Map 476 

Loading and Saving Classed Post Map Class CLS Files 476 

Classed Post Map Properties 476 

Map Properties 476 

Data Files Used for Posting 477 

XY Coordinates in the Data File 477 

Z Values in the Data File 477 

Data Labels in the Data File 478 

Symbol Specifications in the Data File 478 

Symbol Index 478 Symbol Angle Values from the Data File 479 Symbol Color from the Data File 479 

Updating Post Map and Classed Post Map Data Files 479 

To automatically updated a post or classed post map: 479 

To manually update a post or classed post map: 480 

General Page - Classed Post Map 480 

Add Label Set 484 

Remove Label Set 485 

Label Set # 485 

Worksheet Column 485 

Position Relative to Symbol 485 

X Offset and Y Offset 486 

Angle (degrees) 486 Font 486 Format 486 

Formatting Classed Post Maps to Display Date/Time Labels 487 

Leader Line Properties 490 

Classes Page – Classed Post Map 490 Binning Method 491 Number of Classes 491 

Insert Class 491 

Delete Class 492 

Changing the Bin Limits for a Each Class 492 

Statistical Information about the Points in Each Class 492 

Changing an Individual Class Symbol 492 

Changing an Individual Class Size 493 

Changing All Class Symbols at the Same Time 493 

Changing All Class Symbol Sizes at the Same Time 493 

Loading a Classed Post Map Class CLS File 493 Saving a Classed Post Map Class CLS File 493 

OK or Cancel 493 

Class Symbol Properties Dialog 494 

Method 494 

Symbol Set 494 

Symbol 494 

Fill Color and Opacity 495 

Line Color and Opacity 495 

What to Apply 495 Setting the Same Symbol for All Classes 496 Setting the Same Symbol Line or Fill Properties for All Classes 496 

Setting Gradational Symbol Line or Fill Properties for All Classes 496 

Same Symbol Size for All Classes 498 

Incrementing Symbol Size for All Classes 498 

OK or Cancel 498 Layer Page – Classed Post Map 498 Opacity 498 

Coordinate System Page – Classed Post Map 499 

Coordinate System 499 

Info Page – Classed Post Map 499 

Edit Class Post Map Labels 500 

Enter Edit Post Labels Mode 500 

Move Individual Post Labels 500 

Exit Edit Post Labels Mode 500 

Move Around the Plot Window in Edit Mode 500 

Custom Label Location and Changed Coordinate System 500 Reset Labels to Default 501 Class Post Map Legend Properties 501 

Edit Legend Properties 501 

Symbol Size Method 504 

Creating a Post Map with Multiple Labels 505 

Chapter 10 - Image Maps  

Image Map 507 

Creating a New Image Map 507 

Adding an Image Map Layer to Other Maps 508 

Editing an Existing Image Map 508 

Image Map Properties 508 Map Properties 508 General Page - Image Map 508 

Input Grid File 508 

Missing Data Opacity 511 

Layer Page – Image Map 511 

Opacity 511 

Coordinate System Page – Image Map 512 

Coordinate System 512 

Info Page – Image Map 512 

Color Scale Bar - Image Maps 513 Color Scale Bar Visibility 513 Adding a Color Scale Bar 513 

Removing a Color Scale Bar 513 

Using a Logarithmic Scale on a Color Scale Bar 513 

Editing a Color Scale Bar 514 

Chapter 11 - Shaded Relief Maps  

Shaded Relief Map 517 

Creating a Shaded Relief Map 518 

Adding a Shaded Relief Map Layer to Other Maps 518 

Editing an Existing Shaded Relief Map 518 

Shaded Relief Map Properties 518 

Map Properties Dialog 518 

General Page - Shaded Relief Map 519 

Input Grid File 519 

Relief Parameters 520 Colors 520 Gradient Method 520 

Shading Methods 521 

Z Scale Factor 522 

Light Position Angles 522 

Missing Data 522 

Missing Data Color 522 

Missing Data Opacity 523 

Info Page – Shaded Relief Map 524 

Chapter 12 - Vector Maps  

Introduction to Vector Maps 525 

1-Grid Vector Map 525 

2-Grid Vector Map 526 

Creating a Vector Map 526 

Adding a Vector Map Layer to Other Maps 527 Editing a Vector Map 527 Vector Map Properties 527 

Map Properties 527 

Data Page - 1-Grid Vector Map 527 

Input Grid File 527 

Data Page - 2-Grid Vector Map 529 

Input Grid Files 529 

Coordinate System 530 

Angle 532 

Angle Units 532 Symbol Page - Vector Map 533 Style 533 

Grid File 535 

Scaling Page - Vector Map 536 

Symbol Origin 536 

Scaling Method 536 

Reverse Vector Orientation 537 

Show Scale Legend 537 

Vector Magnitude (data) 537 Shaft Length 537 Head Length 537 

Info Page – Vector Map 539 

Clipping Symbols on Vector Maps 540 

Vector Length Legend 540 

Creating a Vector Length Legend 540 Editing the Vector Length Legend 541 Color Scale Bar - Vector Maps 543 

Color Scale Bar Visibility 543 

Adding a Color Scale Bar 543 

Removing a Color Scale Bar 544 

Using a Logarithmic Scale on a Color Scale Bar 544 

Editing a Color Scale Bar 544 

Chapter 13 - Watershed Maps  

Watershed 547 

Creating a Watershed 548 

Adding a Watershed Map Layer to Other Maps 548 

Editing an Existing Watershed Map 548 

Watershed Properties 548 

Map Properties 548 

General Page - Watershed 549 

Input Grid File 549 

Depressions 550 

Fill Depressions 550 

Filled Grid 551 Stream Options 551 Show Streams 551 

Pour Point Source 553 

Pour Point File 553 

Snap Pour Points 554 Layer Page – Watershed Map 554 Opacity 554 

Coordinate System Page – Watershed Map 555 

Coordinate System 555 

Info Page – Watershed Map 555 

Watershed References 555 

Chapter 14 - 3D Wireframe Maps  

Introduction to 3D Wireframe Map Layers 557 

Creating a 3D Wireframe Map 558 

Adding a 3D Wireframe Map Layer to Other Maps 558 

Editing a 3D Wireframe Map 558 

Wireframe Properties 558 

Map Properties 558 

General Page – 3D Wireframe Map 559 

Input Grid File 559 

Show Upper Surface 560 

Show Lower Surface 560 

Remove Hidden Lines 560 

Border 561 Plot Lines of Constant 561 

Add 563 

Delete 563 

Load 563 

Save 564 

Editing Z Levels Zones 564 

Color Zones Page – 3D Wireframe Map 564 

Level 564 

Level Value For One Level 564 

Line 565 Level Line Property For One Level 565 Add 565 

Delete 565 

Load 565 

Save 565 

Apply Zones to Lines of Constant X, Y, and Z 566 

Color Scale Bar 566 

Editing Color Zones 566 

Layer Page – 3D Wireframe Map 567 Info Page – 3D Wireframe Map 567 Line Spectrum Dialog 568 

Minimum and Maximum Line Properties 568 

Color Scale Bar - 3D Wireframe Map 568 

Color Scale Bar Visibility 568 

Adding a Color Scale Bar 569 

Removing a Color Scale Bar 569 

Editing a Color Scale Bar 569 

Creating a Color Filled 3D Wireframe 571 

Specifying the Lines to Draw on a 3D Wireframe 571 

Line Property Precedence 572 Setting the 3D Wireframe Line Properties 572 Creating a 3D Wireframe Map Base 573 

Smoothing a 3D Wireframe Map 573 

3D Wireframe Map and Blanked Values 574 

3D Wireframe Map Level Files 574 

Creating Level Files 574 

Using Level Files 575 

Chapter 15 - 3D Surface Maps  

3D Surface 577 

Creating a 3D Surface 577 

Adding a 3D Surface Map Layer to Other Maps 578 

3D Surface Map Overlay Layer Tips 578 

Editing a 3D Surface Map 578 

3D Surface Properties 578 

Map Properties 579 

General Page - 3D Surface Map 579 

Input Grid File 579 

Color Scale 580 

Layers 580 Material Color 580 Upper 580 

Lower 581 

Shininess 581 

Blanked Nodes 581 

Base 581 

Fill and Line Properties Dialog 582 

Mesh Page - 3D Surface Map 583 

Lines of Constant X 583 

Frequency 583 

Line Properties 583 Lines of Constant Y 584 Frequency 584 

Map Layer Visibility 588 

Info Page – Watershed Map 588 

Color Scale Bar - 3D Surface Maps 589 

Color Scale Bar Visibility 589 

Adding a Color Scale Bar 589 

Removing a Color Scale Bar 589 

Using a Logarithmic Scale on a Color Scale Bar 589 Editing a Color Scale Bar 590 

To Set the 3D Surface Map Base Properties: 592 

To Draw Mesh Lines 592 

Chapter 16 - Axes  

Map Axes 593 Creating Axes 594 Adding Additional Axes to a Map 594 

Other Axis Features 595 

General Page - Axis Properties 596 

Axis Attributes 596 Axis Plane 596 Title 597 

Offset along Axis 597 

Offset from Axis 597 

Angle (degrees) 598 

Font Properties 598 

Labels 598 

Show 598 

Minor Ticks 600 

Style 600 

Length 600 

Minor Ticks Per Major 600 

Scaling Page - Axis Properties 601 

Automatic Scaling 601 

Axis Minimum 601 

Axis Maximum 602 

Major Interval 602 First Major Tick 603 Last Major Tick 603 

Grid Lines Page - Axis Properties 605 

Major Grid Lines 606 

Minor Grid Lines 606 

Info Page – Axis Properties 606 Edit Major Tick Spacing on an Axis 606 

To edit major ticks on an axis: 606 

Setting the Axis Scale 608 

To Draw a Grid Covering the Map 608 

Chapter 17 - Map Properties  

Introduction to Common Map Properties 609 

Editing Map Properties 610 

Scale Page – Map Properties 616 

Using Different Scaling in the X and Y Dimensions 618 

Using Scaling to Minimize Distortion on Latitude/Longitude Maps 619 Limits Page – Map Properties 622 Limits and 3D Wireframes 622 

Limits and Axis Scaling 623 

Limits and Map Scale 623 

Limits and Post Maps 623 

Limits and Reversed Axes 623 

Limits, Scale, and Adding Map Layers 623 

Setting Map Limits with Date/Time 623 

The Limits Page 624 

Frame Page – Map Properties 625 

Updating a Single Map Layer 628 

Coordinate System Note 628 

Extract Grid or Data from Map 628 

Setting Map Limits 629 

Chapter 18 - Coordinate Systems  

Introduction to Coordinate Systems 631 

Map Coordinate System Overview 631 

Source Coordinate System - Map Layer 632 

Coordinate System 633 

Target Coordinate System - Map 633 

Coordinate System 634 

Assigning a Coordinate System for a Worksheet 634 

Assigning a Coordinate System for a Grid 634 Displaying Data with Different Coordinate Systems in a Single Map 635 Coordinate System Notes 636 

Assign Coordinate System Dialog 637 

Projection Categories 637 

Modify Coordinate System 639 

New Custom Coordinate System 639 

Add to Favorites 639 

Remove 639 

Example 1: Select a Predefined Coordinate System (i.e UTM) 640 

Example 2: Create and Select a Custom Coordinate System (i.e Lambert

Conformal Conic) 640 Example 3: Saving a Custom Coordinate System 640 

Define Coordinate System Dialog 641 

Name 641 

Projection 641 

Datum 642 

OK or Cancel 642 

Example 1: Defining a Custom Coordinate System 642 

Example 2: Saving a Custom Coordinate System 642 

Map Projections 643 

Types of Projections 644 Characteristics of Projections 647 Ellipsoids 649 

Datums 650 

Custom Datum Definition 651 

Understanding Local Datums 653 

Type of Predefined Coordinate Systems 654 

Geographic (lat/long) Coordinate Systems 654 

Polar/Arctic/Antarctic Projection Systems 654 

Regional/National Projection Systems 654 

State Plane Coordinate Systems 655 

UTM Coordinate Systems 655 World Projection Systems 655 Templates 655 

Supported Projections 656 

Albers Equal Area Conic Projection 656 

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection 657 

Bonne Projection 659 

Cassini Projection 660 

Eckert IV Projection 661