Plastics Engineered Product Design 1 Episode 15 potx

AquaBlok Water- blocking reinforcement, Owens Corning Aqualift Water-based external mold releases, Franklynn Araldite Epoxy resins and hardeners; epoxy structural adhesives, Ciba Aram

540 Plastics Engineered Product Design

Temperature controller, heating overshoot circuit Used in temperature

controllers to inhibit temperature overshooting on warm-up

Temperature detector, resistance RTD contains a temperature sensor made

from a material such as high purity platinum wire; resistance of the wire changes rapidly with temperatures These sensors are about 60 times more sensitive than thermocouples

Temperature measurement Temperatures can be measured with thermocouple (T/C) or resistance temperature detector (RTD) T/Cs tend to have shorter response time, while RTDs have less drift and are easier to calibrate Traditionally, PID controls have been used for heating and on-off control for cooling From a temperature control point the more

recent use is the fuzzy logic control (FLC) One of FLCs major advantage

is the lack of overshoot on startup, resulting in achieving the setpoint more rapidly Another advantage is in its multi-variable control where more than one measured input variable can effect the desired output result This is an important and unique feature With PID one measured variable affects a single output variable Two or more PIDs may be used in a cascade fashion but with more variables they are not practical to use

Temperature proportional-integral derivative Pinpoint temperature

accuracy is essential to be successful in many fabricating processes In order

to achieve it, microprocessor-based temperature controllers can use a

proportional-integrated-derivative (1’ID) control algorithm acknowledged

to be accurate The unit will instantly identify varying thermal behavior and adjust its PID values accordingly

Tex A unit for expressing linear density that is equal to the mass of weight in grams of 1,000 m of fiber, filament, yarn, or other textile strand

Thermodynamic It is the scientific principle that deals with the inter-

conversion of heat and other forms of energy Thermodynamics (therm0 = heat and dynamic = changes) is the study of these energy transfers The law

of conservation of energy is called the first law of thermodynamics

Thixotropic A characteristic of material undergoing flow deformation where

viscosity increases drastically when the force inducing the flow is removed

In respect to materials, gel-like at rest but fluid or liquefied when agitated (such as during molding) Having high static shear strength and low dynamic shear strength at the same time Losing viscosity under stress It describes a filled plastic (like BMC) that has little or no movement when applied to a vertical plane Powdered silica and other fillers are used as thickening agents

Tolerance, full indicator movement FIM is a term used to identify tolerance with respect to concentricity Terms used in the past were full indicator reading (FIR) and total indicator reading (TIR)

Tool When processing plastics some type of tooling is required Tools include

molds, dies, mandrels, jigs, fixtures, punch dies, perforated forms, etc These tools fabricate or shape products They fit into the overall flow chart

in fabricating plastic products The terms for tools are virtually

heat and pressure or they are used in secondary operations such as cutting dies, stamping sheet dies, etc

Materials of construction can be related to the two most commonly used

standards that are the American Iron and Steel Institute ( A M ) and the German Werkstoff material numbers and their mean (average) chemical compositions Note that chemical compositions will always differ from data

in one book to another book and from one manufacturer's tool stock list

to another As an example it will be very unlikely that the P20 steel being used will exactly match the chemical composition reported in different tables However they will be close

In addition to steels materials of construction include all types such as aluminum, copper, and beryllium-copper Examples of other different types include wood and plastic for thermoforms and reinforced plastics

(RPs) RP tools also include vacuum and pressure flexible bags Operations

of tools vary from fabricating solid to foamed products such as using a steam chest for producing expandable polystyrene foams

Mold and die tools are used in processing many different plastics with many of them having common assembly and operating parts (preengineered since the 1940s) with the target to have the tool's opening or cavity designed to form desired final shapes and sizes They can comprise of many moving parts requiring high quality metals and precision machining As an example with certain processes to capitalize on advantages, molds may incorporate many cavities, adding hrther to its complexity

Tools of all types can represent upward to one-third of the companies manufacturing investment Metals, specifically steels, are the most common materials of construction for the rigid parts of tools Some mold and die tools cost more than the primary processing machinery with the usual approaching half the cost of the primary machine About 5 to 15% of tool cost are for the material used in its manufacture, design about 5 to

lo%, tool building hours about 50 to 70%, and profit at about 5 to 15% The proper choice of materials of construction for their openings or cavities is paramount to quality, performance, and longevity (number or length of products to be processed) of tools Desirable properties are good machinability of component metal parts, material that will accept the desired finish (polished, etc.), ability with most molds or dies to transfer heat rapidly and evenly, capability of sustained production without constant maintenance, etc As the technology of tool enhancements continues to evolve, tool manufacturers have increasingly turned to them

in the hope of gaining performance and cost advantages

There are now a wide variety of enhancement methods and suppliers, each making its own claims on the benefits of its products With so many suppliers offering so many products, the decision on which technology to

try can be time consuming There are toolmakers that do not have the

542 Plastics Engineered Product Design

resources to devote to a detailed study of all of these options In many cases they treat tools with methods that have worked for them in the past, even though the current application may have different demands and newer methods have been developed What can help is to determine what

capabilities and features are needed such as hardness, corrosion resistance,

lubricity, thcrmal conductivity, polishing, coating, and repairing

There are many tool metals used such as D2 steel that are occasionally used

in their natural state (soft) when their carbon content is 1.40 to 1,60wt%

Tool metals such as P20 that are generally used in a pre-toughened state (not fully hardened)

By increasing hardness longer tool life can often be achieved Increased wear properties are especially critical when fabricating with abrasive glass- and mineral-reinforced plastics This is important in high-volume applications and high-wear surfaces such as mold gates inserts and die orifices Some

plastic materials release corrosive chemicals as a natural byproduct during

fabrication For example, hydrochloric (HCI) acid is released during the tooling of PVC These chemicals can cause pitting and erosion of untreated tools surfaces Also, untreated surfaces may rust and oxidize from water in the plastic and humidity and other contaminants in the air

Polishing and coating tools permit meeting product surface requirements Improved release characteristics of fabricated products are a commonly advantage of tool coatings and surface treatments This can be critical in applications with long cores, low draft angles, or plastics that tend to stick

on hot steel in hard-to-cool areas Coatings developed to meet this need may contain PTFE (Teflon) Also used are metals such as chrome, tungsten, or electroless nickel that provide inherent lubricity

Torpedo An unflighted cylindrical portion of the plasticator screw usually located at the discharge end that is providing additional shear heating capabilities for certain plastics

Transistor Semiconductor device for the amplification of current required in

different sensing instruments The two principle types are field effect and junction

Turnkey operation A complete fabrication line or system, such as an extruder with a thermoformer line with upstream and downstream equipment Controls interface all the equipment in-line from material delivery to the end of the line handling the product for in-plant storage or shipment out

of the plant

Tyvek DuPont’s trade name for a nonwoven spun bonded, tough, strong

HDPE fiber sheet product This thermoformable plastic material’s use includes packaging lids, medical device packages, mailing envelopes (protects contents, etc.), wrapping around buildings to completely seal off cracks and seams to prevent drafts and cut airflow penetration between the outside and inside (allows moisture to escape from the walls, eliminating or minimizing the prospect of harmful condensation damage), etc

Uptime See Processing line

Vacuum mold cavity Press can include a vacuum chamber around or within the mold providing removal of air and other gases from the cavity( s)

Value analysis VA is an amount regarded as a fair equivalent for something, that which is desirable or worthy of esteem, or product of quality having intrinsic worth Aside from technology developments, there is always a major emphasis on value added services It is where the fabricator continually tries to find ways to augment or reduce steps during manufacture with the target of reducing costs

While there are many definitions of VA, the most basic is the following formula where VA = (function of product)/(cost of the product) Immediately after the part goes into production, the next step that should

be considered is to use the value engineering approach and thc FALL0 approach These approaches are to produce products to meet the same performance requirements but produced at a lower cost If you do not take this approach, then your competitor will take the cost reduction approach

VA is not exclusively a cost-cutting discipline With VA you literally can do

“it all” that includes reduce cost, enhance quality, and boost productivity

Van der Waals force Also called intermolecular forces, secondary valence forces, dispersion force, London dispersion force, or van der Waals

attraction It is an attractive force between two atoms or non-polar

molecules, which arise because a fluctuating dipole moment in one molecule induces a dipole moment in the other, and the two dipole moments then interact They are somewhat weaker than hydrogen bonds and far weaker than inter-atomic valences Information regarding their numerical values is mostly semi-empirical, derived with the aid of theory from an analysis of physical and chemical data

Vent purifier The exhaust from vented plasticating barrels can show a dramatic cloud of swirling white gas; almost all of it is condensed steam proving that the vent is doing its job However, a small portion of the vent exhaust can be other materials such as by-products released by certain plastics and/or additives and could be of concern to plant personnel safety and/or plant equipment Purifiers can be attached (with or without vacuum hoods located over the vent opening) to remove and collect the steam and other products The purifiers include electronic precipitators

Virgin plastic Plastics in the form such as pellets, granules, powders, flakes, liquids, etc that have not been subjected to any fabricating method or recycled identifies virgin plastics

Viscoelasticity A material having this property is considered to combine the features of a perfectly elastic solid and a perfect fluid; representing the combination of elastic and viscous behavior of plastics (see Chapter 1)

Viscometer Also called a viscosimctcr This instrument is used for measuring the viscosity and flow properties of fluids such as plastic melts Basically it

is the property of the resistance of flow exhibited within a body of material

A commonly used type is the Brooffield that measures the force required

to rotate a disk or hollow cup immersed in the specimen substance at a

544 Plastics Engineered Product Design

predetermined speed Other types employ such devices as rising bubbles, falling or rolling balls, and cups with orifices through which the fluid flows

by gravity Instruments for measuring flow properties of highly viscous fluids and molten plastics are more often called rheometers

viscosity It is the property of resistance to flow exhibited within the body of a material In testing, it is the ratio of the shearing stress to the rate of shear

of a fluid Viscosity is usually taken to mean Newtonian viscosity in which case the ratio of shearing stress to rate of shearing is constant In non- Newtonian behavior, which is the usual case with plastics, the ratio varies with shearing rate Such ratios are often called the apparent viscosities at the corresponding shear rates

Viscosity, absolute It is thc ratio of shear stress to shear rate It is the property

of internal resistance of a fluid that opposes the relative motion of adjacent layers Basically it is the tangential force on a unit area of either of two parallel planes at a unit distance apart, when the space between the planes

is filled and one of the planes moves with unit velocity in its own plane relative to the other The Bingham body is a substance that behaves somewhat like a Newtonian fluid in that there is a linear relation between rate of shear and shearing force, but also has a yield value

Viscosity, coefficient It is the shearing stress necessary to induce a unit

velocity gradient in a material In actual measurement, the viscosity coefficient of a material is obtained from the ratio of shearing stress to

shearing rate This assumes the ratio to be constant and independent of the shearing stress, a condition satisfied only by Newtonian fluids Consequently, in all other cases that includes plastics non-Newtonian), values obtained are apparent and represent one point in the flow chart Inherent viscosity refers to a dilute solution viscosity measurement where it

is the ratio of the natural logarithm of the relative viscosity to the concentration of the plastic in grams per 100 ml of solvent

Intrinsic viscosity (IV) is a measure of the capability of a plastic in solution

to enhance the viscosity of the solution IV increases with increasing plastic molecular weight It is the limiting value at infinite dilution of the ratio of the specific viscosity of the plastic solution to the plastic’s concentration in moles per liter

IV data is used in processing plastics As an example the higher IV of injection-grade PET plastic can be extruded blow molded; similar to

PETG plastic that can be easily blow molded but is more expensive than injection molded grade PET and PVC for blow molding

Viscoelasticity is perhaps better viewed more broadly as mechanical

behavior in which the relationships between stress and strain are time dependent, as opposed to the classical elastic behavior in which deformation and recovery both occur instantaneously on application and removal of stress, respectively

Viscosity, intrinsic IV (intrinsic viscosity) is a measure of the capability of a plastic in solution to enhance the viscosity of the solution IV increases

with increasing polymer molecular weight It is the limiting value at infinite dilution of the ratio of the specific viscosity of the plastic solution

to the plastic's concentration in moles per liter IV data is used in processing plastics As an example the higher IV of injection-grade PET plastic can be extruded blow molded; similar to PETG plastic that can be easily blow molded but is more expensive than injection molded grade PET and PVC for blow molding

Volumetric efficiency The volume of plastic discharged from the machine

during one revolution of the screw, expressed as a percentage of the developed volume of the last turn of the screw channel

Vulcanization Methods for producing a material with good elastomeric

properties (rubber) involves the formation of chemical crosslinks between high-molecular-weight linear molecules The starting polymer (such as raw rubber) must be of the noncrystallizing type (NR is crystallizable), and its glass transition temperature T, must be well below room temperature to

ensure a rubbery behavior x-axis The axis in the plane of a material used

as Oo reference; thus the y-axes is the axes in the plane of the material perpendicular to the x-axis; thus the z-axes is the reference axis normal to

the x-y plane The term plane or direction is also used in place of axis

Vulcanizing additive Thermoset elastomers must be vulcanized or crosslinked

to obtain strong, dimensionally stable resilient materials To accomplish this purpose, a formidable array of chemicals is employed Classically, sulfur vulcanizes unsaturated elastomers such as SBR and natural rubber; however, because the rate of vulcanization is too slow for industrial applications, chemicals like benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) are added The latter is typical of a class called accelerators

Along with accelerators, yet another group of additives called activators is used Using the above example, zinc oxide and stearic acid are activators used in conjunction with the accelerator MBTS in the sulfur vulcanization

of SBR or natural rubber The sulfur, thiazole, zinc oxide, stearic acid vulcanization system is probably the largest used combination Generally the types and concentration of the various vulcanization systems are selected along with appropriate cure retarders so as to obtain a good cured vulcanizate in a period of 15 to 60 min at temperatures ranging fi-om 138

to 177C (280 to 350F)

Warpage It is the dimensional distortion in a plastic part after processing The

most common cause is variation in shrinkage of the part The major processing factors involved are flow orientation, area shrinkage, and differential cooling

Weight, areal See Areal weight

Weld line Also called weld mark, flow line, or striae It i s a mark or line when

Well It is the space provided in the cavity block for the uncured molding whitening See Stress whitening

two melt flow fronts meet during the filling of an injection mold

powder or preform

546 Plastics Engineered Product Design

x-axis The axis in the plane of a material used as Oo reference; thus the y-axes is

the axes in the plane of the material perpendicular to the x-axis; thus the z- axes is the reference axis normal to the x-y plane The term plane or direction is also used in place of axis

y-axis A line perpendicular to two opposite parallel faces

Yarn designation A term used to indicate the number of original singles (strands) twisted and the number of these units plied to form a yarn or cord The first letter indicates glass composition, the second letter represents whether it is continuous or staple fiber, and the third letter indicates the diameter range of the individual fiber As an example CD identifies type E glass with continuous fiber (C) of 0.00023 in average fiber diameter (D)

Yarn grex A universal yarn numbering system in which the yam number is equal numerically to the weight in g/lO,OOO m

Young's modulus See Modulus of elasticity

z-axis The reference axis perpendicular to x and y axes

Tradenames

Achieve Metallocene polypropylene,

Acrilan Polyacrylonitrile, AlliedSignal

Acrylate Polyethylacrylate, Cyro

Acrylite Acrylic sheet, acrylic resin,

Adiprene Polyurethane (isocyanate),

Affinity Plastomer, Dow

Aqua-Novon Waterproof/water

soluble degradation system, Novon

AquaBlok Water- blocking

reinforcement, Owens Corning

Aqualift Water-based external mold

releases, Franklynn

Araldite Epoxy resins and hardeners;

epoxy structural adhesives, Ciba

Aramid Nylon, DuPont

Arathane Polyurethane adhesives, Ciba

Aravite Cyanoacrylate and acrylic

Ardel Polyarylate, BP Amoco

Arimax Structural RIM resin, Ashland

Armid Aliphatic amides, Akzo

Armostat Antistatic agents, Akzo

Arnits Thermoplastic polyesters, DSM

Aroma Poly Fragrance polymer

concentrates, Aroma Tech

Aseelean High-performance purging

Aurum Polyimide resin, Mitsui Auto-Grader Online melt flow

indexer, Brabender

Autofioth Pressurized rigid fioth polyurethane foam systems, BASF

Autoguage Automatic die,

Production Components Cloeren

Autopour Pressurized rigid

polyurethane foam systems, BASF

Autoprofile Gauge control,

Battenfeld Gloucester

Avantra Styrenic polymer resins, BASF Azdel Stampable reinforced plastic

sheet, Azdel

Azmet PBT and PET; glass fiber-

reinforced composite, Azdel lubricant, AlliedSignal

Bayblend ABS/PC blend, Miles Borax Nitrile-based barrier resin, BP Baybiond Polycarbonate/ABS blends, Baydur Rigid structural urethane Baydur STR Polyurethane composite

h o c 0 Bayer foam, Bayer solid or foam systems, Bayer

548 Plastics Engineered Product Design

Boyertitan Titanium dioxide pigment,

Bayer

Baytit Polyurethane molded foam

systems, Bayer Bayflex Polyurethane

elastomeric RIM systems, Bayer

Boytec Polyurethane cast elastomer

systems and prepolymers, Bayer

Betabrace Reinforcing composites,

Dow

Betamate Structural adhesives, Dow

Betaseal Glass bonding systems, Dow

Si-Ply Combination mat/woven

roving, Owens Corning

Bicor Biaxially oriented

Britol White mineral oil, Witco

Brushmaster Solvent-borne contact

adhesives, National Starch

Budene Polybutadiene, Goodyear

Tire

Buna CB Polybutadiene impact

modifier, Bayer

Cab-0-Sil Amorphous fumed silica,

Cab-0-Sperse Aqueous silica

Cadco Plastic rod, sheet, tubing, film,

Cadet Organic peroxides, Akzo

Cadon Styrene maleic anhydride resin,

Cadox Organic peroxides, Akzo

Calibre Polycarbonate resins, Dow

Capran Nylon films, AlliedSignal

Capran Unidraw Uniaxially oriented

Capron Nylon resins and compounds,

Cata-Chok Urethane foam catalysts,

Ferro Caytur Curing agent, catalyst, Uniroyal

Cefor Polypropylene, Shell Celanex PBT, Hoechst Celcon Polyacetal, Hoechst Celogen Blowing agents, Uniroyal

Chemical

Centrex Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic

blends, Monsanto

Chernglas Glass fiber reinforcements,

PTFE coated-woven, Chemfab

Chemigum Nitrile rubber powder,

Cho-Si1 Conductive EM1 shielding

material, Parker Hannifin

Chopvantage TP reinforcements, PPG

CIM System Computer integrated

manufacturing, Hunkar

Class-Metor I, 11, IV, Economic process management system, Hunkar

Classic Series HVLP spray guns, DeVilbiss

Cleartuf PET resin, Shell Clysar Shrink film, DuPont Colorcomp Custom-colored heat

resins, LNP

Colartherm Zinc ferrite pigment,

Bayer

Comboloop Hydrocarbon wax

blends, additive lubricants, AlliedSignal

Combomet Woven roving mat, PPG Compax Supreme Mold steel, Compel Long fiber-reinforced TPs, Contracool Air-cooled extruder

Uddeholm Ticona

Corterra Polytrimethylene

Corzan Chlorinated PVC,

Crastin PBT PBT resin, DuPont

CRATEC Dry-use chopped strands,

Owens Corning

CRATEC Plus Pelletized chopped

glass fibers, Owens Corning

Cronar PET photographic film base,

DuPont

Curithane Liquid catalysts, Dow

Cycolac ABS, GE

Cyrex Acrylic polycarbonate alloys,

Cyrolite Acrylic- based multipolymers,

terephthalate, Shell

BFGoodrich

Cyro

C y 0

D-Tex lntermeshing twin screw

extruder, Davis- Standard

DAC Injection molding control,

Daratak Polyvinyl acetate

homopolymer emulsions, Dow

Darex Styrene-butadiene latexes, Dow

Dartek Cast film & sheet, nylon,

Darvan Dispersing agents, Vanderbilt

Dechlorane Plus Fire-retardant

D.E.H Epoxy catalyst resins, Dow

Delrin Acetal resin, DuPont

Delrin ST Tough acetal

homopolymer, DuPont

D.E.N Epoxy novolac resins, Dow

Derakane Epoxy vinyl ester resins,

Desmodur Polyisocyantes for

Desmophen Polyester resins for

Reichhold balanced hot runner manifolds, Incoe

Vanderbilt

Dixie Clay Filler for polyesters, Dowfrost Heat transfer fluids, Dow Dowlex LLDPE, Dow

Dowtherm Heat transfer fluids, Dour Drapex Epoxy and polymeric Dri-Lac Pre-applied adhesive, Loctite DSB Barrier feedscrew, Davis-

resin, Occidental

Duro-Lam Hot-melt laminating

adhesives, National Starch

Duro-0-Set Polyvinyl acetate and

ethlyene, National Starch

DWP Dow window film, Dow Dylark Styrene-maleic anhydride Dylene Polystyrene, NOVA

plasticizers, Witco

copolymers, Arc0

Easigel Organ0 clay, Akzo

Eastapak, PET, Eastman Eastar Copolyester thermoplastics;

PETG, Eastman

Easy Flow Easy-processing LLDPE

film resins, Union Carbide

ECRGLAS Corrosion-resistant glass

fibers, Owens Corning

Ektar PCTG, PET, PETG, Eastman Elastoflex R Semi-flexible

Elvaloy Ethylene/ester/CO Elvamide Nylon multipolymer resins, Elvanol Polyvinyl alcoho1,'DuPont

polyurethane systems, BASF terpolymers, DuPont DuPont

550 Plastics Engineered Product Design

Elvax EVA resins, DuPont

Emi-X EM1 attenuated thermoplastic

Emiclear Conductive plastic, Toshiba

Engage Polyolefin elastomer, DuPont

Epon Epoxy resins, Shell

Epotuf Epoxy resins and hardeners,

Esperox Organic peroxide catalyst,

Estane PUR resins and compounds,

Estyrene Flame-retarded, Thermofil

Ethdoam Polyethylene foam, Dow

Everflex Polyvinyl acetate emulsions,

Exact Metallocene plastomer, Exxon

Exceed Metallocene linear low-density

Expandex Blowing agents, Uniroyal

Exxtral Thermoplastic olefin

Fanchon Organic pigments, Bayer

Fiberfil Thermoplastic compounds,

Fiberglas Glass fibers, Owens Corning

Faamid Colorants for polyamide

Corp

DSM

fibers and plastics, Ciba

Gapex Nylon, Ferro

Gamaco Calcium carbonate, Georgia

Geartruder Extruder and integral

Gemini Conical twin extruder, Davis-

Geode Complex inorganic pigments,

Geon Polyvinyl chloride, Geon

Glosrod Glass-reinforced rod, Glastic

Good-Rite Antioxidants, stabilizers,

GraphiGolor Cast polyvinylidene

Graphitan Graphite pigment Ciba

gear pump, Harrel

H e r d e x Strand Polymer- Hi-Point Organic peroxide catalyst, Hipertuf PEN resin, Shell

Hipscon Conductive HIPS sheet,

BFGoodrich

Hydral Hydrated alumina, flame-

retardant, smoke suppressant additive, Alcoa

polyethylene (HDPE), DuPont Dow

Hyperm High-performance hot-melt

adhesives, National Starch

Hypo1 Hydrophilic PUR polymers,

impregnated glass fiber strand, PPG Witco

Hypalon Chlorosulfonated

Impax Supreme Prehardened mold Instant-Lok Hot-melt adhesives, Integral Adhesive films and web, Dow Irrathene Irradiated polyethylene, Isobind lsocyanate binders, Dow Isonol Polyether polyols, Dow Isoplast Engineering thermoplastic

steel, Uddeholm National Starch

DuPont

PUR, Dow

Iupital Polyacetal (copolymer),

Mitsubishi

Jeffamine Reactive polyether amines,

JET/SPS Plastic lumber molding,

Huntsman

Mid- Atlantic

K-Resin Styrene-butadiene, Phillips

Kadel Polyketone, BP Amoco

Kaladox PEN film, DuPont

Kalidar PEN container, fiber resins,

Kalrez Perfluoroelastomer parts,

Kapton Polyimide film, DuPont

Ketienflex Sulfonamides, Akzo

Kevlar Aramid fiber, DuPont

Kodar ASA/AES, PETG, Eastman

Korad Acrylic Weatherable surfacing

for ABS, HIPS, and PVC, Polymer

Extruded Products

Chemicals

DuPont

DuPont

Kraton Thermoplastic elastomer, Shell

Kynar Polyvinylidene fluoride, DuPont

Lexan, Polycarbonate resin, film,

Linevol Plasticizer alcohol, Shell

Lite-Tak W adhesives, Loctite

Lo-Vol Silica flatting agents, PPG

Lamod Copolyester elastomer, GE

Lucite Methyl methacrylate, GE

Lupersol Liquid organic peroxide, Elf

Luran Styrene-acrylonitrile

Lustran ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-

Lustran SAN Styrene-acrylonitrile

Magnum ABS, Dow

Makrolon Polycarbonate resin, Bayer Marlex HDPE< PP, Phillips

Masil Silicone, BASF Masterblend Feeder control system,

Merrick

MaxiChop Thermoplastic

reinforcements, PPG

MCG Anti-Fog Prevents fog/mist on

plastic surfaces, Merix

Melinar PET container resins,

Nacor Waterborne pressure sensitive

adhesives, National Starch

Neoflex Plasticizer alcohol, Shell Neopolon Polyethylene foam, Neoprene Polychloroprene, DuPont Nicalon Silicon carbide fiber, Dow Nitropore Blowing agents, Uniroyal Nomex Nylon, DuPont

Noryl Polyphonylene oxide resin, GE Nypel Recycled nylon resin,

Nytel Talc; PP & PVC filler, PVC,

moldable, BASF Dow

Corning

AlliedSignal Vanderbilt

Ongard 2 Smoke & flame suppressant

Optema EMA, Exxon

for PVC, Great Lakes

552 Plastics Engineered Product Design

Orasol Dyes Ciba

Orlon Polyacrylonitrile, DuPont

OSC Bushing Externally heated hot

runner bushings, Incoe Corp

Palatinol Plasticizers, BASF

Papi Polymeric MDI (PMOI), Dow

Paraloid Acrylic & MBS modifiers,

PDI Dispersions Paste color

Penton Chlorinated polyether,

Performance Thermoplastic

Permyl Ultraviolet absorbers, Ferro

Perspex Acrylic polymer, IC1

Petra Post-consumer recycled PET

Petrothene Polyolefin plastics,

Plecolastic Polystyrene resins, Hercules

Plenco Thermoset resins and molding

compounds, Plastics Engineering

Plexiglas Methyl methacrylate,

AtoHaas

Plioflex Emulsion styrene-butadiene-

rubbers, Goodyear Tire

Pluracol Polyether polyols, BASF

Polylite Polyester resins, Reichhold

Polypur Polyurethane compounds,

Premi-Gles Thermoset polyester-

Prevail, Thermoplastic resins, Dow

Prism Solid polyurethane RIM

Prism Series Instant adhesives,

Procar Acrylic-coated film (two sides),

Pulse ABS/PC, Dow

Pur-Fect Lok Reactive structural

adhesives, National Starch

Questra Crystalline polymers, Dow

Quindo Organic pigment, Bayer

&del Polyethersulfone, BP Amoco Regal Pelletized carbon black, Cabot Regairoz Hydrogenated hydrocarbon Resi-Set Phenolic resins for industrial Retain Polyethylene, Dow

Rexflex Flexible polyolefin, Huntsman RIMline Polyurethane RIM systems, Rynite Thermoplastic PET resin, Ryton Polyphenylene sulfide, Phillips

resins, Hercules applications, Georgia-Pacific

IC1 DuPont

S-2 Glass High-performance glass

fibers, Owens Corning

Sag Silicone antifoams, Witco Sanres Solvent-borne urethane,

BFGoodrich

Santoprene Polypropylene EPDM-

based vulcanizate, Advanced Elastomer

Dow

Saran Polyvinylidene chloride resins, Saran Films Plastic films, Dow Saranex Coextruded film, Dow SatinGlass SMC roving, Vetrotex Sclairfilm PE cast film & blown film,

Selar Nylon or PET, DuPont Silastic Silicone, Dow Corning Skin-Coat Bonded glass mat and

various veils, Fiber Glass Industries

Spectrim Reaction molded products,

Dow

SpeedBonder Anaerobic adhesive

Loctite

Spheriglass Solid glass spheres, Potters

Stycast One- and two-component

encapsulants, Emerson & Cuming

Styrofoam Insulation, extruded

polystyrene board, sheet, Dow

Styrolux SBS block copolymer, BASF Styron Polystyrene resins, Dow Styropor Polystyrene expandable

CertainTeed DuPont

beads, BASF

Surlyn Ionomer, DuPont

Tandem Two-station injection

molding machines, Husky

Tedlar Polyvinyl fluoride products,

DuPont

Tedlar SP Polyvinyl fluoride cast film,

DuPont

Teflon FEP, TFE, and PFA

fluoroplastic resins and films,

Tefiel Fluoropolymer resin and film,

Tenite Cellulose acetate butyrate,

Texin Thermoplastic urethane

Thermogrip Hot melt adhesives,

Thermoplast Dyes, BASF

T h e r m Copolyester, Eastman

Thiokol Tolysulfide, Thikol

Tinuvin Ultraviolet absorbers;

hindered amine stabilizer, Ciba

TMS Antimony oxide, Great Lakes

Torlon Polyamide-imide resin, BP

TPX Polyrnethylpentene, Mitsui

Traytuf PET resin, Shell

TufRov Thermoplastic

reinforcements, PPG

m e 30 Single-end glass fiber

rovings, Owens Corning

Tyril SAN resins, Dow

Tyrin Chlorinated polyethylene,

Tyvek Nonwoven spun bonded,

h o c 0

DuPont Dow

tough, strong HDPE fiber sheet,

DuPont

Ucar Solution vinyl resins, Union

Udel Polysulfone, BP Amoco

Ultem Polyetherimide resin, sheet, GE

Ultra Black RTV silicone, Loctite

Ultradur B PBT thermoplastic

Carbide

polyester, BASF

Ultramid Nylon resins, BASF

Ultrason E Polyethersulfone, BASF Ultrason S Polysulfone, BASF Uniprene Thermoplastic vulcanizate, Unival HDPE blow molding resins, Teknor

Union Carbide Valox PBT film, GE Vansil W Wollastonits, Vanderbilt Varex Optifil P2 Blown film extrusion, Windmoeller &:

Hoelscher Vectra LCP, Hoechst Verton Long fiber composites, LNP Vespel Polyimide parts and shapes, Vitafdm Extruded PVC film, Viton Fluoroelastomer, DuPont Dow Vitron Fiberglass staple fiber, Johns Varanol Polyether polyols, Dow Voratec Polyurethane rigid systems, Vydax Release agent,; DuPont Vydyne Nylon, Monsanto

DuPont Huntsman

Z-Light Spheres Low-density hollow ceramic microspheres, 3M

Zesospheres Fine size, high-strength ceramic rnicrospheres, 3M Zelec Antistatic agents, DuPont Zelux Polycarbonate shapes, Westlake Zenite LCP Liquid crystal polymers,

ZenTron High-strength single-end DuPont

roving, Owens Corning

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Zero Gate Valve gate systems, lncoe

Zytel Nylon resins (6,6/6,6/12),

Zytel HTN High-temperature nylon,

Zytel ST Super-tough nylon

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