Seamanship Techniques 2 Episode 1 pptx

Alternating Current AHV Anchor handling vessel AIS Automatic Identification System AMVER Automated Mutual Vessel Rescue system ARCs Admiralty Raster Charts ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting

SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES

2nd edition

By the same author

Navigation for Masters ISBN 185609 147 3

Marine Survival and Rescue Systems ISBN 185609 1279

An Introduction to Helicopter Operations at Sea ISBN 185609 1686

Cargo Work (Kemp & Young) Revised ISBN 07506 3988 1

Seamanship Techniques (The Command Companion) Vol III ISBN 07506 4443 5 Anchor Practice: A Guide for Industry ISBN 185609 2127

TECHNIQUES

SECOND EDITION

PART ONE: SHIPBOARD PRACTICE

PART TWO: SHIP HANDLING

D J HOUSE

Oxford Auckland Boston Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi

Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP

225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041

A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd

A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group

First published as two volumes 1987

Volume 1 first published as paperback 1989

Volume 2 first published as paperback 1990

Single volume edition 1994

Reprinted 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 (twice)

Second edition 2001

© D J House 1987, 1994, 2001

All rights reserved No part of this publication

may be reproduced in any material form (including

photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic

means and whether or not transiently or incidentally

to some other use of this publication) without the

written permission of the copyright holder except in

accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,

Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a

licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,

90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP.

Application for the copyright holder’s written permission

to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress www.bh.com/engineering

Typeset in Replika Press Pvt Ltd 100% EOU, Delhi 110 040

Printed and bound by Replika Press Pvt Ltd 100% EOU, Delhi 110 040

ABS American Bureau of

Shipping

A.C Alternating Current

AHV Anchor handling vessel

AIS Automatic Identification

System

AMVER Automated Mutual Vessel

Rescue system

ARCs Admiralty Raster Charts

ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid

AUSREP Australian Ship Reporting

CPA Closest Point of Approach

CPP Controllable Pitch Propeller

CQR Chatham Quick Release

CRS Coast Radio Station

CS Coast Station

DC Direct Current

DGPS Differential Global

Positioning System

DNV Det Norske Veritas

DRHQ Divisional Rescue Head

Rope ENC Electronic Navigation Chart EPIRB Emergency Position

Indicating Radio Beacon ETA Estimated Time of Arrival FRC Fast Rescue Craft FSM Free Surface Movement FSWR Flexible Steel Wire Rope FWA Fresh Water Allowance GHz gigahertz

GM Metacentric Height GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and

Safety System GMT Greenwich Mean Time GPS Global Positioning System

GT (g.t.) Gross Tons

GZ Righting Lever

HF High Frequency HLO Helicopter Landing officer HMS Her Majesty’s Ship HMSO Her Majesty’s Stationery Office HRU Hydrostatic Release Unit HSC High Speed Craft (code) IAMSAR International Aeronautical

and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual ICAO International Civil Aviation

Authority

ABBREVIATIONS

(Marine abbreviations used in this text and within the marine industry)

ICS International Chamber of

Shipping IHO International Hydrographic

Office IMDG International Maritime

Dangerous Goods Code IMO International Maritime

Organisation ISM International Safety

Management ITU International

Telecommunications Union

KB Measured distance between

the keel and the ships centre

of buoyancy

KG Measured distance between

the keel and the ships centre

of gravity

kg kilogram kHz kilohertz

kJ kilo Joule

KM Measured distance between the

keel and the ships metacentre

kN kilo Newton

kW kilowatt lbs pounds LBP length between

perpendiculars LCB Longitudinal Centre of

Buoyancy LFL Lower Flammable Limit LNG Liquid Natural Gas LOA length over all

LR Lloyds Register LUT Land User Terminal

MA Mechanical Advantage MAIB Marine Accident

Investigation Branch MARPOL Maritime Pollution

Convention mbs millibars MCA Maritime and Coastguard

Agency MEC Marine Evacuation Chute MES Marine Evacuation System MGN Marine Guidance Notice MHz megahertz

MIN Marine Information Notice

MN Mercantile Marine MNTB Merchant Navy Training Board MoB Man overboard

MPCU Marine Pollution Control Unit MRCC Marine Rescue Co-ordination

Centre MSI Marine Safety Information MSN Merchant Shipping Notice

(previous ‘M’ notice)

NUC Not Under Command NVE Night Vision Equipment OiC Officer in Charge OOW Officer of the Watch OSC On Scene Co-ordinator P/A Public Address System

RN Royal Navy RNR Royal Naval Reserve RoPax Roll on/Roll off + Passengers RoT Rate of Turn

Ro-Ro Roll on, Roll off rpm Revolutions per minute R/T Radio Telephone

Rx Receive SAR Search and Rescue SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite SART Search and Rescue Radar

Transponder SES Ship Earth Station SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea

(convention) SOPEP Ships Oil Pollution

Emergency Plan SPM Single Point Mooring STCW Standards of Training,

Certification and Watchkeeping (convention) SWL Safe Working Load SWR Steel Wire Rope T.D Tonnage Deck TMC Transmitting Magnetic

Compass TRS Tropical Revolving Storm UFL Upper Flammable Limit UHF Ultra High Frequency U.K United Kingdom UKC Under Keel Clearance ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier U.S United States

USCG United States Coast Guard VCG Vertical Centre of Gravity VDR Voyage Data Recorder VDU Visual Display Unit VHF Very High Frequency VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier VTMS Vessel Traffic Management

System VTS Vessel Traffic System W/L Waterline

WNA Winter North Atlantic Wps wires per strand W/T Wireless Telegraphy

PART ONE SHIPBOARD PRACTICE

CONTENTS TO PART ONE

Main structural members – compensating stress factors

Clearing away anchors 40

Velle shipshape crane 117

Calculating stresses in derricks by empirical formula 127

xii Contents to Part One

Single letter meanings – International Code of Signals 250

Sample messages employing International Code of Signals 256

APPENDIX:

Certificate of Proficiency in Survival

32 Rack stowage of inflatable life rafts 210

2 Seamanship Techniques

Abeam Port quarter

Right astern

Starboard quarter

Abeam

Starboard bow Right ahead Ship’s beam Port bow

Figure 1.1 The ship in relation to its surroundings.

Ahead

‘Right ahead’ is the line the fore and aft line, if projected, would extend

in front of the vessel (Figure 1.1) Opposite to the term ‘astern’, whenused in relation to relative bearings It may also be used as an engine-room order to cause the engines to turn in order to move the ship ahead

The maximum beam of the vessel measured from the outside edge of the

shell plating on either side of the vessel is the extreme breadth (Figure 1.2).

The beam of the vessel measured amidships, between the inside edge

of the shell plating on either side of the vessel, is the moulded breadth(Figure 1.2)

Camber (or round of beam)

The curvature of the deck in the athwartships direction The ment is made by comparing height of deck at the centre of the vessel toheight of deck at the side of the vessel (Figure 1.2)

measure-Depth

The extreme depth of the vessel is measured from the bottom side of the

keel to the top of the deck beams, the measurement being taken at theside of the vessel

The moulded depth is measured from the top side of the keel to the

top of the deck beams, at the side of the vessel

The outward curvature of the shell plating in the foremost part of the

vessel, providing more width to the fo’c’sle head and at the same time

helping to prevent water coming aboard

Fore and Aft Line

An imaginary line passing from the stem to the stern through the centre

of the vessel (Figure 1.3)

Freeboard

This is the vertical distance, measured at the ship’s side, from the waterline

to the top of the freeboard deck edge The freeboard measurement

is taken at the midships point Deck edge is marked by a painted line

Base line

Aft

sheer

For’d sheer B

Figure 1.2 Ship’s principal dimensions.

Keel Extreme breadth

Length overall (LOA) Length on the waterline (LWL) Length between perpendiculars (LBP)

4 Seamanship Techniques

Length between Perpendiculars (LBP)

The distance between the for’d and aft perpendiculars

Length Overall (LOA)

The maximum length of the vessel measured from the extreme for’dpoint of the vessel to the extreme after point (Figure 1.2)

Rise of Floor

This is the rise of the bottom shell plating above the base line (takenfrom the top edge of the keel)

Sheer

This is the curvature of the deck in the fore and aft direction, measured

as the height of the deck at various points above the height of the deck

at the midships point (Figure 1.2)

AFT Fore and aft line After

deck

All aft accommod’n block Maindeck

Steering flat

After peak ballast tank

T/D ’Tween deck

Lower hold or tank area

Forepart

Bulbous bow Collision bulkhead Double bottom tanks

Figure 1.3 The ship in section and plan.

Figure 1.4 Keel rake.

Figure 1.5 Coefficient of fineness.

K M

X W R

U T V S

0 20 SCALE (metres)

Figure 1.9 Longitudinal profile plan of general cargo

vessel.

A Steering gear flat

B Aft peak

C Upper ’tween deck

D Poop ’tween deck

E No 5 double bottom tanks

F Oil fuel tanks

G Engine room double bottom tanks

H Upper ’tween deck

I Lower ’tween deck

J No 4 double bottom tanks

K, L Upper ’tween deck

M, N Lower ’tween deck

O No 3 double bottom tanks

P No 2 double bottom tanks

Q No 1 double bottom tanks

R No 2 cargo tank

S Ballast tank

T Forepeak

U Store

V Chain locker

W No 1 cargo tank

X No 1 upper ’tween deck

Y No 2 fo’c’sle ’tween deck

Z No 1 fo’c’sle ’tween deck

Figure 1.10 Typical hold bilge pumping system.

Port bilge system

Double bottom system

Starboard bilge system

Engine room

F

Z Y

L N

8 Seamanship Techniques

Figure 1.11 Profile and general arrangement plans of

passenger/car ferry Kronprinsessan Victoria

Store Office Scullery OfficeShopping centre Shopping arcade

Bar

Pantry

Gents Luggage P&S

Information LadiesGents

Deck 7 Deck 5

CHG LKR

CHG LKR

Store

Car DK vent

Handicapped cabin P&S

Ramp

Car DK vent Store

STR

Lashing gear

Store Lift No.1 Lift No 4

Lift No.2 Lift No.3 STR

Engine casing

STR Bar

STR

Lift No 5 Ramp

2 2 2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

2 2 2

2 4

2 4 4 4

STR Store

The Ship

Figure 1.13 Profile and deck plans of 8030 tonne DW

products tanker Cableman.

Figure 1.14 Product carrier (tanker) Six tanks have heating

coils, and there are four main pump rooms, with a capacity of 200 tons of water per hour For the stainless steel tanks, centrifugal pumps can supply 30 tons per hour.

feed tank DomesticFW TK

Fuel oil bunker Main

engine Aux set

PumproomPMP No 5 cargo tank No 4 cargo tank No 3 cargo tank No 2 cargo tank No 1 cargo tank

Deep tank

WB Bowthrustcompt Fore peak WB

Galley

Officers mess Foam

Hydro pump room

Store Main

No 5 cargo tank port

No 5 cargo tank centre

No 5 cargo tank STBD

No 4 cargo tank port

No 4 cargo tank centre

No 4 cargo tank STBD

No 3 cargo tank port

No 3 cargo tank centre

No 3 cargo tank STBD

No 2 cargo tank port

No 2 cargo tank centre

No 2 cargo tank STBD

No 1 cargo tank port

No 1 cargo tank centre

No 1 cargo tank STBD

Deep TK WB Fore peak

WB TK

Below main deck

AP WB

TK

10 Seamanship Techniques

2 The modern tanker, though small by today’s

supertanker size.

NB New tankers are now required to be built with

double bottoms/double hulls to satisfy regulations.

1 The Roll On–Roll Off ferry There is limited

passenger/driver accommodation on three vehicle

decks loaded from a stern door/ramp An internal

ramp runs to upper deck level and a hydraulic lift to

lower hold Trailer capacity is approximately one

hundred 40-ft units.

The Ship

3 Modern high speed passenger ferry engaged on the Irish sea trade.

Figure 1.15 Chemical carrier.

Deadweight, total at 10.67 m draught 26 000 dwt

Deadweight, total at 10.88 m draught 27 000 dwt

Capacities:

Holds, including wing tanks and hatches 35 091 m3

Ballast, including No 4 hold 11 330 m 3

(9 188 bhp) at loaded draught 15.00 knots

Endurance 12 000 nautical miles

Total = 62 Figure 1.17 Refrigerated cargo lines (reefer) – early design (top) and modern design (below).

Profile of tramp reefer built in 1941 (above) and in 1978 (below)

WB WB

WB WB

Stores Sea men

No 2 Store

Store Hydraulicpump

Rope store

WB WB

WB FO

FO

FO FO

Double bottom

2 fixed deck cranes, 25 tonnes.

Figure 1.18 Profile and upper deck plan of CCN-Maua’s 3450 DWT container RoRo/LoLo ship design.

Figure 1.19 Seabex One – profile,

maindeck and tank top plans of offshore support vessel

tank

W ballast tank Empty

Fresh tank Empty

Fore W.B peak tank

Moon-pool

Engine rooms DP prop-rooms

FP Main deck

FP Tank top

14 Seamanship Techniques

Figure 1.20 Engine-room layout and disposition of

equipment on 13,230 DW container ship

56 55

53 54

15 18 21 24 27 29 31 34 37 40 43 45 48 51 54

40 39

38

37 50

46

36 35

42 33

34 44 32 31

1 2928

27 25 51 52 21 22 23 24 41

4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11

12

13 1415

3 2 1

F

F

3 2

17 16 30 26 19 18 16 17 58

20

The Ship

Key

1 Main engine: SEMT-Pielstick 10PC4V-570

2 Main engine driven alternator: Alsthom 950 kW

3 Reduction gear/thrust bearing: ACB 386/77 rev/min

4 Seawater pump for No 1 diesel alternator

5 Seawater pump (refrigerated provisions)

6 Main engine local control

7 Oil transfer pump

8 Main engine freshwater heating pump

9 Swimming pool pump

10 Main engine oil cooler

11 Freshwater/high temperature/main engine cooler

12 Freshwater/low temperature/main engine cooler

13 Bilge and ballast pumps

14 Ballast pump

15 Boiler feed pumps

16 Seawater filter

17 Starboard water intake

18 Evaporator ejector pump

19 Tunnel access

20 Seawater general service pump

21 Main engine oil filters

22 Main engine oil emergency pump

23 Main engine pre-lube pump

24 Reduction gear oil coolers

25 Step up gear for electric motor

26 Heel pump

27 Main engine seawater pump

28 Main engine/high temperature/freshwater pump

29 Main engine/low temperature/freshwater pump

30 Main fire pump

31 Sludge transfer pump

32 Fuel oil automatic pump

33 Diesel oil/fuel oil transfer pump

34 Fuel oil transfer pump

35 Accommodation fresh water pump

36 Oil separator pump

37 Lube oil tank and pumps for rocker arms

38 Oily water separator

39 Seawater pump for No 2 diesel alternator

40 Bilge automatic pump

41 Shaft line

42 Level indicator panel

43 Diesel alternators: 2 × SEMT-Pielstick 6P A6L-280 engines driving Unilec

1350 kW alternators

44 Step up gear for main engine pumps: Citroen-Messian

45 Travelling crane

46 Brake: Twiflex

47 Rails for dismantling rotors of turbocharger

48 ‘Cocooned’ spare pumps

49 Main engine oil return to ballast tank

50 Reduction gear oil pump

51 Main engine oil pump

52 Fuel oil leakage protection pump

53 Bilge water ballast tanks

54 Diesel alternators’ polluted oil ballast tank

55 Sterntube oil drainage

56 Aft well

57 Evaporator

58 Reduction gear oil emergency pump

59 Fuel oil/diesel oil treatment room: Alfa-Laval separators

60 Control air tank

61 Slop tanks

62 Port side fuel oil reserve bunker for diesel alternators

63 Starboard diesel oil reserve bunker

64 Feed pressure tank

65 Drain cooler

66 Main engine oil reserve tank

67 Fuel oil/diesel oil overflow tank

62

59

45 61

17 16

67 49

52 66

12 16 17