444 Index Centre of gravity cont.
Trang 1Index
Abbreviations and symbols 378-9
After draft, maintaining 149-51
Angle of heel 43, 48
Angle of list 231
Angle of loll 46, 48-9, 227-32
correcting 51-4
formulae 385
Angle of vanishing stability 168
Appendages 79-82
Archimedes Principle 22
Area calculations 68-77, 84—5
Attwood’s formula 131
Beam, effect of increase on stability
225-6
Beam theory 325
bending moments 330, 331—3
bending stresses 356-61
freely supported 333-9
shear forces 331-3
shearing stresses 361—4
stresses 325—30
Bending see beam theory
Bending moments:
in beams 330, 331-3
in ships 347-8
Bending stresses, in hull girder
368-70
Bilging 204-207 effect of permeability 201—10 effect on stability 214—15
in end compartments 210—14
in side compartments 29ó—300 Block coefficient 62, 280
Blockage factor 280, 306 BM:
determination of transverse
102-105
formulae 105, 135, 382 Bonjean Curves 345 Boot-topping area 57, óó Box-shaped vessel:
BM calculation 105, 135
KB calculation 99 Broken stowage 207
Buoyancy 22-3 reserve 27 Buoyancy curves 346—7
Capsizing moment 46, 48, 49
Centre of buoyancy 22, 34, 43, 88 Centre of flotation 85-6, 134 determination using trim 148-9 Centre of gravity 9, 43, 114 effect of adding mass 12—13 effect of removing mass 10-12 effect of shifting weights 13-14
Trang 2444 Index
Centre of gravity (cont.)
effect of suspended weights 14
Centre of pressure 267—70
by Simpson's Rules 270-76
Centrifugal force 287
Centripetal force 287
Centroid of area 9, 85
Change of draft, due to change of
trim 138-9
Coefficient of fineness 61
Complementary stress 328-30
Compressive stress 326
Conversion tables (metric/imperial)
387
Deadweight (Dwt) Scale 302-304
Density 19
effect of change 33
effect of change on draft and
trim 315-18
effect on displacement for
constant draft 38-9
Displacement curves 57—8
Dock water allowance 37
Draft:
change due to change of trim
138-9
effect of density change 315-18
effect of hog and sag 236-7
formulae 380
increase due to list in box-shaped
vessels 179-81
increase due to list in vessels
having rise of floor 181-3
loading to requirement 151-3
maintaining 149-51
see also true mean draft
correction
Draft Surveys 434-6
Drydocking process 246-55
formulae 383—4
Dynamical stability 218-23
Effect of free surface, formulae 383
Equilibrium 44-7 correcting 47 Equivalent girder calculation 369,
370
Examination papers 401-428 Examination tips 432-3
Five/eight rule 72, 76-7 Force of buoyancy 22
Forces 1—4
Form coefficients formulae 380 Free surface effect (FSE) 192-203
on stability 50-54 Freeboard, effect of increase on stability 225-6
Freely supported beams 333-9 Fresh Water Allowance (FWA)
35-6
Fully loaded drafts 65—6
GM (initial transverse metacentric height)
from inclining experiment 239-40
working values 49 Grounding 24ó, 278
GZ (righting lever) 43, 45 stability cross curves 162-6
Heel 43 due to turning 287-9 formulae 385
Hog, effect on draft amidships 236-7
Hogging stress 342 Homogeneous logs, rectangular section 29-30
Hydrometer, variable immersion
24-5
Hydrostatic curves 172-6 Inclining experiment 238-41 Initial metacentre 125
Trang 3Initial metacentric height 125, 169
Interaction effects 305-306
reducing 311
ship to ground 306-308
ship to ship 308-311
ship to shore 311-13
squat 306-308
KB:
for box-shapes 99-102
curve 109
determination by Morrish’s for-
mula 99-102
determination by Simpson’s
Rules 88-91
formulae 382
for triangular prisms 99-102
KG:
determination for light condition
238-40
final determination 94—6
KM curve (locus of metacentres)
109
KN cross curves of stability 167-8
Lifeboat capacities 63
List:
definition 43
determination 114-16
due to bilging side compart-
ments 296-300
formulae 383
with zero metacentric height
319-21
List and trim, combined 188-91
Load curves 347
Load line marks 36
Locus of metacentres (KM curve)
109
Longitudinal metacentric height
134
determination using change of
trim 153-6
Longitudinal stability see trim
Index 445
Mass, definition 6 Maximum Permissible Deadweight Moment Diagram 373-4 Merchant Shipping (Safety Convention) Act 1949 393-4
Metacentre 43—4 Metacentric diagrams 107—12 Metacentric height 44
longitudinal 134, 153-6 Midships coefficient 64, 65—6 Moment of forces 5—6 Moment of statical stability 45, 124
at large angle of heel 126-30
at small angle of heel 125-6 Moment to Change Trim one centimetre (MCTi1cm or
MCTC) 136-8
Moments about the centre line
117-19
Moments about the keel 116 Moments of mass 6—7 Morrish’s formula 100, 102 Moseley’s formula 219-20 M.S (Load Lines) Rules 1968,
extracts 388-94
Murray’s Method 350-52
Neutral equilibrium 46-7, 231
correcting 47
Normand’s formula see Morrish’s formula
Parallel axis theorem 258-60, 385 Permeability:
compartment 207—10
formulae 384 Point of suspension 14 Pressure:
at any depth 184-6
in liquids 266, 384
Prismatic coefficient 64, 65—6 Range of stability 168 Relative density see specific gravity
Trang 4446 Index
Reserve buoyancy 27
Resolution of the component
moments 5
Resolution of forces 1-4
Resolution of moments 5
Resultant force 1
Resultant moment 5
Resultant thrust 266—7
Revision questions 429-31
Righting couple 43
Righting lever see GZ (righting
lever)
Rolling, in still water 290-95
Rolling period, formulae 385
Sag, effect on draft amidships
236-7
Sagging stress 342
Second moment of area 256—7
Section modulus 360, 361
Shallow water indications 279-80
Shear forces, in ships 347—8
Shearing stresses 326
beam theory 361—4
with flanges 364—6
without flanges 366—7
Ship squat:
definition 278-9
formulae 385
governing factors 280-84
interaction 306-308
supertanker 284—5
Ships:
construction rules 390
shape volumes 77—9
stability rules 391-3
strength formulae 384—5
types and characteristics table xi
Simple harmonic motion 290-91
Simplified stability information
(Merchant Shipping Notice
1122) 372-7
Simpson’s Rules:
for determining centre of
pressure 270—76
Simpson’s Rules (cont.) for determining waterplane area
260 First 68-9, 72-4, 381 Second 70—71, 75-ó, 381 Third 71-2, 76-7, 381
use of radian intervals 220 Specific gravity 19
Squat see ship squat
Stability:
effect of bilging 214-15 effect of increasing beam 224-5 effect of increasing freeboard 225-6
formulae summary 380—86 Stability cross curves:
GZ set 162-6
KN set 167-8
Stable equilibrium 44-5, 231
Statical stability curves 168—71 Statutory freeboard 36
Stiff (ship condition) 47 Still Water Bending Moment (SWBM) 350-52, 354 Stowage factor 207 Strength curves 346 Stresses:
definitions 325-30 longitudinal in still water
340-41
longitudinal in waves 341-2 Syllabuses, Department of Transport 395—400
Tank soundings, effect of trim 243—5
Tender (ship condition) 47 Tensile stress 326
Thrust 184—7 resultant 266—7 total 266 Time period 47 Tipping centre see centre of flotation
Trang 5Tonnes Per Centimetre immersion
(TPC) 26, 55
curves 55—7
in dock water 26
Total Bending Moment (TBM) 355
Total pressure see thrust
Total thrust 266
Transverse stability formulae 382
Transverse statical stability
formulae 382-3
Triangular-shaped prism
BM calculation 105, 136
KB calculation 99
Trim 133
effect of density change 315—18
effect on tank soundings 243—5
effects of loading/discharging
weights 141-8
effects of shifting weights
139-4]
formulae 381, 382
use of change to find longi-
tudinal metacentric height
153-6
use to determine centre of
flotation 148-9
Trim and list, combined 188-91
Trim and Stability book 322—4
Index 447 True mean draft correction 233-7 Turning, effect on heel 287—9
Unstable equilibrium 46 correcting 47
Volume calculations 77-9, 84—5
Wall-sided formula 127-30, 320 Water pressure 184—7
Water-plane area 72—7 Wave Bending Moment (WBM)
352-3 Wedge of buoyancy 43 Weight, definition 6 Weight diagram 344 Weights:
effect on trim of loading/ discharging 141-8 effect on trim of shifting on board 139-41
loading to keep after draft constant 149-51 loading to produce required draft 151-3