Kaplan anatomy coloring book - part 9 pdf

Special Flashcard Section: Muscles of the Human Body 331INTRODUCTION Muscles can be grouped into anatomical regions such as muscles of the head, arm or torso.. Origin, Insertion, Action

quadrants (of regions), 7

quadrate lobe (liver), 283

region(s), 7,15,17renal arteries, 217, 287, 289renal veins, 223, 231renal capsule, 289renal columns, 289renal corpuscle, 293renal medulla, 289renal pelvis, 289renal pyramids, 289reproductive system, 13,295-300,297,301-310

respiratory system, 11,249-266reticular connective tissue, 31reticular fibers, 29, 31reticular layer, 39retina, 163, 165return drainage, 237rhombencephalon, IIIribosomes, 21

ribs, 61rods, 165root canal, 273rootlets, 135rotation (joint), 91,101round ligaments, 301, 303round window, 169rugae, 277, 307

ssaccule, 169sacral crest, 59sacral foramina, 59sacral nerves, 137sacral plexus, 137, 145sacral promontory, 59sacral vertebrae, 53

I

Index medical

sacroiliac joint, 75sacrum, 53, 59saddle joints, 91sagittal section, 3sagittal sinus, 225sagittal suture, 47salivary glands, 267, 271saphenous vein, 223, 229scala media, 173scala tympani, 173scala vestibuli, 173scaphoid, 73scapula, 65scapulae, 63scapular region, 17scapular spine, 65Schwarm cell, 107sciatic nerve, 145sciatic notch, 77sclera, 159, 163scleral venous sinus, 163scrotal sac, 297, 299sebaceous gland, 41sections, body, 3segmental arteries, 289sella turcica, 49, 51semicircular canal, 171semicircular ducts, 169, 171seminal vesicles, 295, 297, 299seminiferous tubules, 189,299sense organs, 153-174sensory nerve fibers, 155septal cartilage, 253, 257serosa, 277

serous layer, 201sertoli cells, 299shaft, hair, 41sigmoid artery, 219sigmoid colon, 281

327

somatic nervous system, 103

somatosensory cortex, lIS, 125

speech area, motor, 125

sternal region, 15sternal-rib junction, 87sternum, 61

stomach, 11,267,277stratified epithelia, 25stratified squamous epithelium, 25stratum basale, 39

stratum corneum, 39stratum granulosum, 39stratum lucidum, 39stratum spinosum, 39striations, 37

styloid process, 45, 47, 51, 71subclavian artery, 207, 209, 213subclavian vein, 223, 227, 237sublingual glands, 271submandibular glands, 271submucosa, 277, 279subpubic angle, 77subscapular artery, 213subscapular fossa, 65sulcus(i), 113,115,121,135superior (position), 1superior border, 65superior oblique, 161supporting cells, 157supracondylar ridges, 69supraspinous fossa, 65suprasternal notch, 61sural region, 17surfactant, 265

surgical neck, 69suspensory ligaments, 163,303,307suturets), 45, 47,85

sweat glands, 39sympathetic chain ganglia, 149sympathetic division, 149symphysis, 87

symphysis pubis, 299synapses, 105, 109synaptic neuron, 109synaptic vesicles, 109synarthroses, 85synchondrosis, 87syndesmosis, 85synovial cavity, 89synovial fluid, 89synovial joints, 85, 89, 91,93synovial membranes, 89system(s)

autonomic nervous, 103, 149, 151cardiovascular, 13, 191-234central nervous, 103digestive, 11, 219, 267endocrine, 11, 175female reproductive, 301-310hepatic portal, 231

integumentary, 11, 39limbic, 123

lymphatic, 9, 235male reproductive, 295-300, 297muscular, 9

organ, 5,9-13peripheral nervous, 103portal,231

respiratory, 11,249-266skeletal, 9, 43-84somatic nervous, 103urinary, 13,287systemic circulation, 193

trapezoid,73tricuspid valve, 201,203trigeminal nerve, 133trigone, 291

trilaminar germ disk, 313triquetrum, 73

trochanter, 79trochlea, 69trochlear nerve, 133trochlear notch, 71trophoblast,311true pelvis, 75trunk veins, 231tuberosity, 71, 77tubule(s), 189,293,299tunica externa (tunica adventitia),205

tunica intima (tunica interna), 205tunica media, 205

two-celled stage, 311tympanic cavity, 169tympanic membrane (ear drum), 167type 11 alveolar cells, 265

u

ulna, 63ulnar artery, 207, 213ulnar nerve, 141ulnar notch, 71ulnar veins, 223, 227umbilical arteries, 233umbilical region, 7umbilical vein, 233upper dermis, 153

In ex medical

upper extremity, 63upper limb arteries, 213upper limb veins, 227ureteral orifices, 291ureters, 287, 289, 291,297urethral orifice, 309urethra, 13,287,291urinary bladder, 287, 291, 297urinary system, 13,287urogenital triangle, 309uterine arteries, 221uterine tubes, 301,303,307uterosacral ligament, 307uterus, 301, 303, 307utricle, 169

uvula, 269

vvagina, 301,303,307vaginal arteries, 221vaginal orifice, 309vagus nerve, 133vallate papillae, 155valve(s), 201,203vasopressin, 179vein( s)

antebrachial,227axillary, 223, 227azygos, 231basilic, 223, 227brachiocephalic, 223, 225cardiac, 197, 199

central,283cephalic, 223, 227colic, 231cubital,227digital, 227, 229dorsal,299

329

vermiform appendix, 281vertebrae, 53, 57

vertebral arch, 57vertebral arteries, 211vertebral column, 53vertebral foramen, 55, 57vertebral region, 17vertebral vein, 223, 225vesical arteries, 221vesicles, 21, 27,109,295,297,299vessels, 205, 245, 309

vestibular fold, 259vestibular membrane, 173vestibule, 169

vestibulocochlear nerve, 133vetebral foramen, 55villi, 245, 279visceral pericardium, 201visceral pleura, 263visual association area, 125vitreous humor, 163vocal cord, 259vocal fold, 257vomer, 47, 49, 253

x

xiphoid process, 61

yyolk sac, 313

z

zona fasciculata, 187zona glomerulosa, 187zona reticularis, 187zygomatic bones, 43zygomatic process, 45, 51zygote, 311

Special Flashcard Section: Muscles of the Human Body 331

INTRODUCTION

Muscles can be grouped into anatomical regions such as muscles of the head, arm or torso.

Muscles can also be functionally related, for example, muscles that act on the thigh or

muscles that flex the hand.

Origin, Insertion, Action

The origin of the muscle is the stable part of the muscle The majority of muscles have

origins that are superior, proximal, or medial to the insertion There are only a few

exceptions to this rule The insertion of the muscle is the part of the muscle that has the

greatest motion when the muscle contracts In some cases a muscle can move either the

origin or the insertion and you should learn the origins and insertions as presented The

action of a muscle is what the muscle does Some muscles are flexors and decrease joint

angles Some are extensors, adductors, abductors, rotators, etc The action of the muscle is

every movement the muscle does.

When you study muscles, it helps to take two or three at a time and learn just the origins of

the muscles When you know those, then study the insertions, and finally, the actions After

you know the muscles well, then take another group of muscles and add them to the list If

you try to learn twenty muscles at a time, the task will be frustrating, so it is best to take them

in small groups.

Muscle Names

The muscles are named by different criteria and understanding how they are named can help

you to remember the muscle Muscles can be named for their shape The trapeziusis a

trapezoid-like muscle Therhomboideusmuscles are shaped like a rhombus Muscles can be

named by the number of heads they have Thetricepsbrachii has three heads Muscles can be

named by location.The rectus abdominisliterally means "the straight muscle of the

abdomen." The tibialis anterioris the front muscle on the tibia Muscles can be named

according to size The teres majoris the large muscle and the teresminoris the small muscle.

Teresmeans "round." Some muscles are superficial while others are deep The flexor

digitorumsuperficialisis superficial to the flexor digitorumprofundus.Muscles can also be

named for their action There are theadductors,theflexors andextensormuscles, etc.

Muscles that cross joints of the body move those joints The main muscle that causes the

joint to move is called the prime mover or agonist A muscle that helps the prime mover is

called a synergist A muscle that opposes the prime mover is called an antagonist If both the

prime mover and the antagonist contract, then the joint is fixed,

Muscle Groups

There are groups of muscles that act together The rotator cuff (musculotendinous cuff)

muscles stabilize the shoulder joint These are the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus the teres

minor and the subscapularis The abdominal muscles are the rectus abdominis, the external

oblique, the internal oblique, and the transversus abdominis The quadriceps femoris group

are the muscles of the anterior thigh These are the rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis, the

vastus medialis, and the vastus intermedius The hamstrings are muscles on the posterior

thigh and they consist of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus.

There are many more functional groups of muscles but these are a few of the major ones.

The muscles of the body are numerous and flash cards are a great tool to learn muscles Cut

out the cards along the lines As we said before, it is best to take a few cards at a time and

learn them well You should color each muscle on the front side of the card and put a small

'0' where the origin of the muscle is and a small 'I" where the insertion of the muscle is Each

muscle is illustrated isolated from other muscles so that the origin and the insertion are

plainly visible The name of the muscle is on the back of the illustration The origin (0),

insertion (I), and action (A) are listed for each muscle on the back of the card.

Special Muscle Flashcard Section I KAPLAlf

Muscles of the Human Body me lea

MUSCLES, ANTERIOR VIEW

Answer Key: a Sternocleidomastoid, b Pectoralis major,c.Deltoid, d Bicepsbrachii, e Rectus abdominis,f.External oblique, g Sartorius,

h Quadriceps femoris, i Tibialis anterior

Special Muscle Flashcard Section I KAPLA~ I 335

MUSCLES, POSTERIOR VIEW

J

-AnswerKey: a Trapezius, b Deltoid, c.Triceps brachii, d Latissimus dorsi, e Extensor digitorum, f Gluteus maximus, g Adductor magnus,

I: Skin near eyebrows

A: Raises eyebrows, pulls scalp anteriorly

TEMPORALIS

0: Temporal fossa

I: Coronoid process and ramus of the mandible

A: Closes mandible

MEDIAL AND LATERAL PTERYGOIDS

0: Pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone

I: Ramus and condylar process of mandible onmedial side

A: Lateral movement of mandible

A: Elevates corners of mouth (in a smile or laugh)

DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS

0: Inferior border of mandible

I: Skin of inferior lip, and orbicularis oris muscle

A: Depresses lower lip

SCALENUS

0: Transverse process of C 2-6 I: Ribs] and 2

A: Flexes and rotates neck, elevates first and second ribs

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

0: Transverse processes of Cl-4

I: Superior angle of scapula

A: Elevates scapula, rotates and abducts neck

STERNOTHYROI D

0: Manubrium of sternum I: Thyroid cartilage of larynx A: Depresses thyroid cartilage

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I: Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

A: Abducts and extends head, rotates and adducts

scapula

LATISSIMUS DORSI

0: T7-TI2, Ll-LS, sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10-12

I: Intertubercular groove of humerus

A: Adducts, extends, and medially rotates arm, pulls

SEMISPINALIS

0: C4-T12 I: Occipital bone, TI-4 A: Extends head, rotates vertebral column

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I: Greater tubercle of humerus

A: Extends, laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder

SUBSCAPU LARIS

0: Subscapular fossa

I: Lesser tubercle of humerus

A: Extends, medially rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder

SUPRASPI NATUS

0: Supraspinous fossa I: Greater tubercle of humerus A: Abducts arm, stabilizes shoulder

TERES MINOR

0: Axillary border of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus A: Extends, laterally rotates, ad ducts arm, stabilizes shoulder

RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR

0: Tl-T4

I: Inferior, medial border of scapula A: Adducts scapula

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TERES MAJOR

0: Axillary border of scapula

I: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

A: Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

ERECTOR SPINAE: (SPINALIS, LONGISSIMUS,

ILIOCOSTALIS) AND MULTIFIDUS

0: Vertebral column, ilium, sacrum, ribs

I: Ribs, vertebral column, occipital bone, temporal

PECTORALIS MAJOR

0: Clavicle, sternum, and ribs 1-7 I: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus A: Adducts, flexes, and rotates arm medially

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

0: Ribs 1-8 or 9 I: Vertebral border of scapula A: Abducts scapula

PECTORALIS MINOR

0: Ribs 3-5

I: Coracoid process of scapula

A: Depresses scapula, elevates ribs 3-5

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALIS

0: Inferior margin of ribs 1-11

I: Superior margin of ribs 2-12

A: Elevates ribs (increases thoracic volume)

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

0: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest I: Linea alba, inferior 4 ribs A: Compresses abdomen, laterally rotates trunk