Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating Student Guide phần 1 pot

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Sun Microsystems, Inc.

UBRM05-104

500 Eldorado Blvd Broomfield, CO 80021

U.S.A Revision A.1

Student Guide

Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10

Operating System

SA-200-S10

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March 19, 2005 6:20 pm

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Table of Contents

About This Course Preface-xix

Course Goals Preface-xixCourse Map Preface-xxTopics Not Covered Preface-xxiHow Prepared Are You? Preface-xxiiIntroductions Preface-xxiiiHow to Use Course Materials Preface-xxivConventions Preface-xxvIcons Preface-xxvTypographical Conventions Preface-xxviNotes to the Instructor Preface-xxvii

Installing the Solaris™ 10 Operating System 1-1

Objectives 1-1Identifying the Fundamentals of the CD-ROM Installation 1-2Solaris 10 OS Installation and Upgrade Options 1-2Solaris Installation Command Line Interpreter (CLI) 1-2Custom JumpStart™ Installation 1-3Solaris Flash Archive Installation 1-3Solaris WAN Boot 1-4Standard Upgrade to the Solaris OS 1-4Solaris Live Upgrade Software 1-5Hardware Requirements for Installation of the

Solaris 10 OS 1-5Software Components of the Solaris OS 1-6Solaris OS Software Groups 1-7Installing the Solaris 10 OS From a CD-ROM or DVD 1-11Pre-Installation Information 1-11Demonstration: Performing an Interactive Installation 1-13

Introducing the Solaris™ 10 OS Directory Hierarchy 2-1

Objectives 2-1Introducing/ (root) Subdirectories 2-2Introducing Important System Directories 2-3Introducing Important In-Memory System Directories 2-4

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vi Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Introducing File Components 2-9File Names 2-9Inodes 2-9Data Blocks 2-10Identifying File Types 2-11Regular Files 2-12Directories 2-13Symbolic Links 2-14Device Files 2-16Using Hard Links 2-20Introducing Hard Links 2-20Creating New Hard Links 2-21Removing Hard Links 2-22Performing the Exercises 2-23Exercise: Identifying File Types (Level 1) 2-24Preparation 2-24Tasks 2-24Exercise: Identifying File Types (Level 2) 2-26Preparation 2-26Task Summary 2-26Tasks 2-28Exercise: Identifying File Types (Level 3) 2-29Preparation 2-29Task Summary 2-29Tasks and Solutions 2-31Exercise Summary 2-34

Managing Local Disk Devices 3-1

Objectives 3-1Introducing the Basic Architecture of a Disk 3-2Physical Disk Structure 3-2Data Organization on Disk Platters 3-3Disk Slices 3-4Introducing Solaris OS Device Naming Conventions 3-10Logical Device Names 3-10Physical Device Names 3-11Instance Names 3-12Listing a System’s Devices 3-13The/etc/path_to_inst File 3-13Theprtconf Command 3-15Theformat Command 3-16Reconfiguring Devices 3-17Performing a Reconfiguration Boot 3-17Using thedevfsadm Command 3-18Performing the Exercises 3-20

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Exercise: Configuring and Naming Devices (Level 1) 3-21Preparation 3-21Tasks 3-22Exercise: Configuring and Naming Devices (Level 2) 3-23Preparation 3-23Task Summary 3-24Tasks 3-24Exercise: Configuring and Naming Devices (Level 3) 3-26Preparation 3-26Task Summary 3-27Tasks and Solutions 3-27Exercise Summary 3-30Partitioning the Hard Disk 3-31Introducing the Fundamentals of Disk Partitioning 3-31Recognizing Disk Space and Undesirable Conditions 3-32Recognizing Wasted Disk Space 3-33Recognizing Overlapping Disk Slices 3-34Introducing Disk Partition Tables 3-35Using theformat Command 3-36Partitioning a Disk 3-38Managing Disk Labels 3-45Viewing the Disk VTOC 3-45Relabeling a Disk 3-47Performing the Exercises 3-48Exercise: Working With Disks and Partitions (Level 1) 3-49Preparation 3-49Tasks 3-49Exercise: Working With Disks and Partitions (Level 2) 3-51Preparation 3-51Task Summary 3-51Tasks 3-52Exercise: Working With Disks and Partitions (Level 3) 3-56Preparation 3-56Task Summary 3-56Tasks 3-57Introducing the Solaris™ Management Console 3-64Starting the Solaris Management Console 3-64Using the Solaris Management Console Tools 3-65Restarting the Solaris Management Console 3-66Identifying the Functional Areas of the Solaris

Management Console 3-67Partitioning a Disk by Using the Solaris Management

Console Disks Manager Tool 3-71Partitioning the Disk Using the Disks Tool 3-71Performing the Exercises 3-80

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viii Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Exercise: Working With the Solaris ManagementConsole (Level 1) 3-81Preparation 3-81Tasks 3-81Exercise: Working With the Solaris Management

Console (Level 2) 3-82Preparation 3-82Task Summary 3-82Tasks 3-83Exercise Summary 3-84

Managing Solaris OS File Systems 4-1

Objectives 4-1Introducing Solaris OS File Systems 4-2Disk-based File Systems 4-2Distributed File Systems 4-2Pseudo File Systems 4-3Creating a Newufs File System 4-4Viewing the Solaris OSufs File System 4-4Using thenewfs Command 4-14Checking the File System by Using thefsck Command 4-17Data Inconsistencies Checked by thefsck Command 4-17Superblock Consistency 4-17Cylinder Group Block Consistency 4-17Inode Consistency 4-18Data Block Consistency 4-18Thelost+found Directory 4-18Noninteractive Mode 4-18Interactive Mode 4-19Resolving File System Inconsistencies 4-20Reconnecting an Allocated Unreferenced File 4-20Adjusting a Link Counter 4-21Salvaging the Free List 4-21Using Backup Superblocks 4-22Monitoring File System Use 4-25Using thedf Command 4-25Using thedu Command 4-28Using thequot Command 4-30Using the Solaris Management Console Usage Tool 4-31Performing the Exercises 4-33Exercise: Creating and Maintainingufs File Systems (Level 1)4-34Preparation 4-34Tasks 4-35Exercise: Creating and Maintainingufs File Systems (Level 2)4-36Preparation 4-36Task Summary 4-37Tasks 4-38

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Exercise: Creating and Maintainingufs File Systems (Level 3)4-40Preparation 4-40Task Summary 4-41Tasks and Solutions 4-42Exercise Summary 4-47

Performing Mounts and Unmounts 5-1

Objectives 5-1Working With Mounting Basics 5-2Determining Which File Systems Are Currently Mounted 5-4Mounting a File System Automatically 5-4Introducing the Virtual File System Table:/etc/vfstab 5-5Introducing the/etc/mnttab File 5-8Performing Mounts 5-11Mounting a Local File System Manually 5-11Using themount Command Options 5-12Mounting All File Systems Manually 5-14Mounting a New File System 5-15Mounting Different Types of File Systems 5-16Performing Unmounts 5-18Unmounting a File System 5-18Unmounting All File Systems 5-19Unmounting a Busy File System 5-19Repairing Important Files if Boot Fails 5-21Accessing Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs or DVDs 5-23Using Volume Management (vold) 5-24Restricting Access to Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs, or DVDs5-26Stopping Volume Management (vold) 5-26Troubleshooting Volume Management (vold) Problems 5-26Accessing a Diskette, CD-ROM, or DVD Without Volume

Management (vold) 5-27Using themount Command 5-27Performing the Exercises 5-28Exercise: Mounting File Systems (Level 1) 5-29Preparation 5-29Tasks 5-29Exercise: Mounting File Systems (Level 2) 5-31Preparation 5-31Task Summary 5-31Tasks 5-32Exercise: Mounting File Systems (Level 3) 5-34Preparation 5-34Task Summary 5-34Tasks and Solutions 5-35Exercise Summary 5-38

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x Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Performing Solaris 10 OS Package Administration 6-1

Objectives 6-1Introducing the Fundamentals of Package Administration 6-2Software Packages 6-2The/var/sadm/install/contents File 6-2Package Formats 6-4Administering Packages From the Command Line 6-6Translating Package Formats 6-6Displaying Information About Installed Software

Packages 6-7Adding a Software Package 6-9Checking a Package Installation 6-12Removing a Software Package 6-14Adding Packages by Using a Spool Directory 6-15Streaming One or More Packages 6-17Reviewing Package Administration 6-18Performing the Exercises 6-19Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages (Level 1) 6-20Preparation 6-20Tasks 6-20Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages (Level 2) 6-21Preparation 6-21Task Summary 6-21Tasks 6-22Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages (Level 3) 6-24Preparation 6-24Task Summary 6-24Tasks and Solutions 6-25Exercise Summary 6-29

Managing Software Patches on the Solaris 10 OS 7-1

Objectives 7-1Preparing for Patch Administration 7-2Introducing Solaris OS Patches 7-2Checking Patch Levels 7-4Obtaining Patches 7-5Preparing Patches for Installation 7-6Installing and Removing Patches 7-9Installing a Patch 7-9Removing a Patch 7-10Installing Patch Clusters 7-11Thesmpatch Utility 7-14Performing the Exercises 7-15Exercise: Maintaining Patches (Level 1) 7-16Preparation 7-16Tasks 7-16

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Exercise: Maintaining Patches (Level 2) 7-17Preparation 7-17Task Summary 7-17Tasks 7-18Exercise: Maintaining Patches (Level 3) 7-19Preparation 7-19Task Summary 7-19Tasks and Solutions 7-20Exercise Summary 7-23

Executing Boot PROM Commands 8-1

Objectives 8-1Introducing Boot PROM Fundamentals 8-2Goal of the OpenBoot™ Architecture Standard 8-3Boot PROM 8-3System Configuration Information 8-5Disabling the Abort Sequence 8-8Displaying POST to the Serial Port 8-9Using Basic Boot PROM Commands 8-11Identifying the System Boot PROM Version 8-12Booting the System 8-12Accessing More Detailed Information 8-14Listing NVRAM Parameters 8-15Changing NVRAM Parameters 8-16Restoring Default NVRAM Parameters 8-17Displaying Devices Connected to the Bus 8-17Identifying the System’s Boot Device 8-20Theshow-devs Command 8-22Thedevalias Command 8-23Creating and Removing Custom Device Aliases 8-24Thenvalias Command 8-24Thenvunalias Command 8-25Viewing and Changing NVRAM Parameters From the OS 8-26Using theeeprom Command 8-26Interrupting an Unresponsive System 8-27Aborting an Unresponsive System 8-27Performing the Exercises 8-28Exercise: Using the OpenBoot PROM Commands (Level 1) 8-29Preparation 8-29Tasks 8-29Exercise: Using the OpenBoot PROM Commands (Level 2) 8-31Preparation 8-31Task Summary 8-31Tasks 8-33

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xii Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Exercise: Using the OpenBoot PROM Commands (Level 3) 8-36Preparation 8-36Task Summary 8-36Tasks and Solutions 8-38Exercise Summary 8-42

Performing Boot and Shutdown Procedures 9-1

Objectives 9-1The Service Management Facility (SMF) 9-2SMF Service 9-2Service Identifiers 9-3Service States 9-6Milestones 9-7The svc.startd Daemon 9-10The Service Configuration Repository 9-10Identifying Legacy Run Level Fundamentals 9-12Determining a System’s Current Run Level 9-13Changing Run Levels 9-13Identifying the Phases of the Boot Process 9-14Boot PROM Phase 9-15Boot Programs Phase 9-16Thekernel Initialization Phase 9-16The/etc/system File and Kernel Configuration 9-18Theinit Phase 9-22The svc.startd Daemon 9-24Controlling Legacy Boot Processes 9-25The/sbin Directory 9-25The/etc/rc#.d Directories 9-27Start Run Control Scripts 9-28Stop Run Control Scripts 9-28The/etc/init.d Directory 9-29Stopping and Starting Services Using SMF Commands 9-30Using svcs to Determine Why Services are Not Running 9-34Creating New Service Scripts 9-36Performing System Shutdown Procedures 9-44The/usr/sbin/init Command 9-45The/usr/sbin/shutdown Command 9-45

“Ungraceful” Shutdown Commands 9-47The Service Repository Database 9-48Performing the Exercises 9-50Exercise: Controlling the Boot Process (Level 1) 9-51Preparation 9-51Tasks 9-52Exercise: Controlling the Boot Process (Level 2) 9-53Preparation 9-53Task Summary 9-53Tasks 9-54

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Exercise: Controlling the Boot Process (Level 3) 9-57Preparation 9-57Task Summary 9-57Tasks and Solutions 9-58Exercise Summary 9-63

Performing User Administration 10-1

Objectives 10-1Introducing User Administration 10-2Main Components of a User Account 10-2System Files That Store User Account Information 10-3Managing User Accounts 10-14Introducing Command-Line Tools 10-14Creating a User Account 10-15Modifying a User Account 10-20Deleting a User Account 10-22Creating a Group Entry 10-23Modifying a Group Entry 10-24Deleting a Group Entry 10-26Using the Solaris Management Console Users Tool 10-27Troubleshooting Login Issues 10-36Performing the Exercises 10-40Exercise: Adding User Accounts and Group Entries (Level 1)10-41Preparation 10-41Tasks 10-43Exercise: Adding User Accounts and Group Entries (Level 2)10-45Preparation 10-45Task Summary 10-45Tasks 10-46Exercise: Adding User Accounts and Group Entries (Level 3)10-51Preparation 10-51Task Summary 10-51Tasks and Solutions 10-52Exercise Summary 10-58Managing Initialization Files 10-59Introducing System-Wide Initialization Files 10-59Introducing User Initialization Files 10-60Customizing the User’s Work Environment 10-61Performing the Exercises 10-64Exercise: Modifying Initialization Files (Level 1) 10-65Preparation 10-65Tasks 10-65Exercise: Modifying Initialization Files (Level 2) 10-67Preparation 10-67Task Summary 10-67Tasks 10-68Exercise: Modifying Initialization Files (Level 3) 10-71Preparation 10-71

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xiv Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Task Summary 10-71Tasks and Solutions 10-72Exercise Summary 10-76

Performing System Security 11-1

Objectives 11-1Monitoring System Access 11-2Displaying Users on the Local System 11-2Displaying Users on Remote Systems 11-3Displaying User Information 11-4Displaying a Record of Login Activity 11-5Recording Failed Login Attempts 11-6Switching Users on a System 11-8Introducing thesu Command 11-8Switching to Another Regular User 11-10Becoming theroot User 11-11Monitoringsu Attempts 11-12Controlling System Access 11-14The/etc/default/login File 11-14File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Access 11-16The/etc/hosts.equiv and$HOME/.rhosts Files 11-17The/etc/hosts.equiv File Rules 11-19The$HOME/.rhosts File Rules 11-20Performing the Exercises 11-21Exercise: User Access (Level 1) 11-22Preparation 11-22Tasks 11-23Exercise: User Access (Level 2) 11-24Preparation 11-24Task Summary 11-25Tasks 11-25Exercise: User Access (Level 3) 11-28Preparation 11-28Task Summary 11-29Tasks and Solutions 11-30Exercise Summary 11-35Restricting Access to Data in Files 11-36Determining a User’s Group Membership 11-36Identifying a User Account 11-37Changing File and Directory Ownership 11-37Changing File and Directory Group Membership 11-40Using File Permissions 11-41Performing the Exercises 11-44Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems (Level 1) 11-45Preparation 11-45Tasks 11-45

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Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems (Level 2) 11-47Preparation 11-47Task Summary 11-47Tasks 11-48Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems (Level 3) 11-51Preparation 11-51Task Summary 11-51Tasks and Solutions 11-52Exercise Summary 11-57

Configuring and Using Printer Services 12-1

Objectives 12-1Introducing Network Printing Fundamentals 12-2Raster Image Processor (RIP) 12-2PostScript Printer Description (PPD) 12-2Print Management Tools 12-3Client-Server Model 12-3Types of Printer Configurations 12-3Basic Functions of the Solaris OS LP Print Service 12-5

LP Print Service Directory Structure 12-6Print Requests From the Network 12-10Solaris OS Printing Process 12-12Configuring Printer Services 12-19Using the Solaris OS Print Manager 12-19Configuring a New Network Printer 12-22Administering Printer Services 12-30Setting the System’s Default Printer 12-31Removing a Client’s Printer Configuration 12-31Removing a Server’s Printer Configuration 12-32Starting and Stopping the LP Print Service 12-33Starting the LP Print Service 12-33Stopping the LP Print Service 12-33Specifying a Destination Printer 12-34Using thelp Command 12-34Using thelpr Command 12-34Using the LP Print Service 12-35Accepting Print Jobs 12-35Rejecting Print Jobs 12-36Enabling Printers 12-36Disabling Printers 12-37Moving Print Jobs 12-38Performing the Exercises 12-40Exercise: Using the LP Print Service (Level 1) 12-41Preparation 12-41Tasks 12-41

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xvi Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Exercise: Using the LP Print Service (Level 2) 12-43Preparation 12-43Task Summary 12-43Tasks 12-44Exercise: Using the LP Print Service (Level 3) 12-48Preparation 12-48Task Summary 12-48Tasks and Solutions 12-49Exercise Summary 12-53

Controlling System Processes 13-1

Objectives 13-1Viewing System Processes 13-2Using the CDE Process Manager 13-2Using theprstat Command 13-4Using the Solaris Management Console Process Tool 13-7Killing Frozen Processes 13-9Using thekill andpkill Commands 13-9Performing a Remote Login 13-11Suspending and Terminating Processes with SMC 13-12Scheduling an Automatic One-Time Execution of a

Command 13-14Using theat Command 13-14Controlling Access to theat Command 13-16Scheduling an Automatic Recurring Execution of a

Command 13-17Introducing thecrontab File Format 13-17Using thecrontab Command 13-19Controlling Access to thecrontab Command 13-21Using the Solaris™ Management Console Job

Scheduler Tool 13-22Performing the Exercises 13-24Exercise: Using Process Control (Level 1) 13-25Preparation 13-25Tasks 13-26Exercise: Using Process Control (Level 2) 13-27Preparation 13-27Task Summary 13-28Tasks 13-28Exercise: Using Process Control (Level 3) 13-30Preparation 13-30Task Summary 13-31Tasks and Solutions 13-32Exercise Summary 13-35

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Performing File System Backups 14-1

Objectives 14-1Introducing the Fundamentals of Backups 14-2Importance of Routine File System Backups 14-2Tape Media Types 14-3Tape Drive Naming 14-4Tape Drive Control 14-5Strategies for Scheduled Backups 14-6The/etc/dumpdates File 14-9Backing Up an Unmounted File System 14-10Theufsdump Command 14-10Options for theufsdump Command 14-11Tape Back Ups 14-12Remote Backups to a Tape 14-13Performing the Exercises 14-14Exercise: Backing Up a File System (Level 1) 14-15Preparation 14-15Tasks 14-15Exercise: Backing Up a File System (Level 2) 14-17Preparation 14-17Task Summary 14-17Tasks 14-18Exercise: Backing Up a File System (Level 3) 14-19Preparation 14-19Task Summary 14-19Tasks and Solutions 14-20Exercise Summary 14-22

Performing File System Restores 15-1

Objectives 15-1Restoring aufs File System 15-2Restoring a Regular File System 15-2Restoring the/usr File System 15-4Performing a Special Case Recovery of the / (root)

File System 15-6Invoking an Interactive Restore 15-7Performing an Incremental Restore 15-9Performing the Exercises 15-14Exercise: Recovering Backup Files and File Systems (Level 1) 15-15Preparation 15-15Tasks 15-15Exercise: Recovering Backup Files and File Systems (Level 2) 15-17Preparation 15-17Task Summary 15-17Tasks 15-19Exercise: Recovering Backup Files and File Systems (Level 3) 15-21Preparation 15-21

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xviii Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Task Summary 15-21Tasks and Solutions 15-22Exercise Summary 15-27

Backing Up a Mounted File System With a UFS Snapshot 16-1

Objectives 16-1Creating a UFS Snapshot 16-2Using thefssnap Command 16-2Limiting the Size of the Backing-Store File 16-4Displaying Information for aufs File System Snapshot 16-5Backing Up the UFS Snapshot File 16-6Performing a Backup of a UFS Snapshot 16-6Performing an Incremental Backup Using a

UFS Snapshot 16-7Restoring Data From a UFS Snapshot Backup 16-10Deleting a UFS Snapshot 16-10Performing the Exercises 16-11Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots (Level 1) 16-12Tasks 16-12Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots (Level 2) 16-13Task Summary 16-13Tasks 16-13Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots (Level 3) 16-15Task Summary 16-15Tasks and Solutions 16-15Exercise Summary 16-17

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Preface

About This Course

Course Goals

Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:

● Manage file systems

● Install software

● Perform system boot procedures

● Perform user and security administration

● Manage network printers and system processes

● Perform system backups and restores

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Course Map

Preface-xx Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Course Map

The course map enables you to see what you have accomplished andwhere you are going in reference to the course goals

Introducing the Solaris

OS Directory Hierarchy

Managing Local Disk Devices

Managing the Solaris OS File System

Performing Mounts and Unmounts

Managing File Systems Installing the Solaris 10 OS Installing Software

Configuring Printer Services

Controlling System Processes Managing Network Printers and System Processes

Executing Boot PROM Commands

Performing Boot and Shutdown Procedures Performing System Boot Procedures

Performing User Administration

Performing System Security Performing User and Security Administration

Performing System Backups and Restores

Performing File System Backups

Performing File System Restores

Backing Up

a Mounted File System With a UFS Snapshot

Performing Solaris 10 OS Package Administration

Managing Software Patches

on the Solaris OS Package Administration

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Topics Not Covered

This course does not cover the following topics Many of these topics arecovered in other courses offered by Sun Educational Services:

● Basic UNIX®commands – Covered in SA-100: UNIX®Essentials Featuring the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

● Thevieditor – Covered in SA-100: UNIX®Essentials Featuring the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

● Basic UNIX file security – Covered in SA-100: UNIX®Essentials Featuring the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

● JumpStart™ procedure– Covered in SA-202: Advanced System

Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

● Network File System (NFS) environment configuration – Covered in

SA-202: Advanced System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating

System

● All the new features in Solaris 10 – Covered in SA-225-S10: Solaris™

10 for Experienced System Administrators

● Naming services – Covered in SA-202: Advanced System

Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

● Troubleshooting – Covered in ST-350: Sun™ Systems Fault Analysis

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How Prepared Are You?

Preface-xxii Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

How Prepared Are You?

To be sure you are prepared to take this course, can you answer yes to thefollowing questions?

● Perform basic UNIX tasks

● Understand basic UNIX commands

● Use thevitext editor

● Interact with a windowing system

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● Title, function, and job responsibility

● Experience related to topics presented in this course

● Reasons for enrolling in this course

● Expectations for this course

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How to Use Course Materials

Preface-xxiv Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

How to Use Course Materials

To enable you to succeed in this course, these course materials employ alearning module that is composed of the following components:

● Objectives – You should be able to accomplish the objectives aftercompleting a portion of instructional content Objectives supportgoals and can support other higher-level objectives

● Lecture – The instructor will present information specific to theobjective of the module This information will help you learn theknowledge and skills necessary to succeed with the activities

● Activities – The activities take on various forms, such as an exercise,self-check, discussion, and demonstration Activities are used tofacilitate mastery of an objective

● Visual aids – The instructor might use several visual aids to convey aconcept, such as a process, in a visual form Visual aids commonlycontain graphics, animation, and video

Note – Many system administration tasks for the Solaris™ Operating

System can be accomplished in more than one way The methodspresented in the courseware reflect recommended practices used by SunServices

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Discussion – Indicates a small-group or class discussion on the current

topic is recommended at this time

1

2

3

Demonstration – Indicates a demonstration of the current topic is

recommended at this time

Note – Indicates additional information that can help students but is not

crucial to their understanding of the concept being described Studentsshould be able to understand the concept or complete the task withoutthis information Examples of notational information include keywordshortcuts and minor system adjustments

Caution – Indicates that there is a risk of personal injury from a

nonelectrical hazard, or risk of irreversible damage to data, software, orthe operating system A caution indicates that the possibility of a hazard(as opposed to certainty) might happen, depending on the action of theuser

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Preface-xxvi Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Typographical Conventions

Courieris used for the names of commands, files, directories, usernames, host names, programming code, and on-screen computer output;for example:

Use thels -alcommand to list all files

To delete a file, use thermfilenamecommand

Courier italic boldis used to represent variables whose values are to

be entered by the student as part of an activity; for example:

Type chmod a+rwx filenameto grant read, write, and executerights for filename

Palatino italics is used for book titles, new words or terms, or words that

you want to emphasize; for example:

Read Chapter 6 in the User’s Guide.

These are called class options.

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Module 1

Installing the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

● Identify the fundamentals of the Solaris™ 10 Operating System(Solaris 10 OS) installation from a CD-ROM or DVD

● Install Solaris 10 OS from a CD-ROM or DVD

The course map in Figure 1-1 shows how this module fits into the currentinstructional goal

Figure 1-1 Course Map

Installing the Solaris 10 OS

Installing Software

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Identifying the Fundamentals of the CD-ROM Installation

1-2 Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System

The following section describes the CD-ROM or DVD installation of theSolaris 10 OS

Solaris 10 OS Installation and Upgrade Options

There are two ways to install the Solaris 10 OS on your system,

suninstalland Flash installation There are a number of different waysthe installation can take place:

● Solaris installation Graphical User Interface (GUI)

● Solaris installation Command Line Interpreter (CLI)

● Solaris Custom JumpStart™ software (JumpStart) installation

● Solaris Flash Archives

● Solaris WAN boot installation

● Solaris Upgrade method

This module focuses on the text installation The default installationmethod is graphical if the host has sufficient memory, and is using agraphical interface

Solaris Installation Command Line Interpreter (CLI)

Hosts which do not have a graphical screen cannot run the GUIinstallation Starting the installation with the nowinargument allows allthe questions and answers to be completed in a text-only environment.Options are provided in menu format with the spacebar being used toselect options and F2, (or the equivalent escape key sequence), being used

to accept selected options

● 64-127 Mbytes starts withnowin

● 128-383 Mbytes starts a GUI window with a text-based installrunning in it

● 384-511 Mbytes starts up the GUI interface

● 512 Mbytes and higher starts the installation kiosk

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Custom JumpStart™ Installation

The Solaris JumpStart procedure installs Solaris OS software on a system

by referencing a user-defined profile You can customize profiles fordifferent types of systems

A JumpStart installation provides a hands-off installation across thenetwork and is based on a central-configured server The JumpStartprocedure is a command-line interface that enables you to incorporateshell scripts The shell scripts include pre-installation and post-installationtasks You choose the profile and the scripts to use for installation orupgrade Then the custom installation method installs or upgrades thesystem

Solaris Flash Archive Installation

The Solaris Flash Archive Installation enables you to install many systemsbased on a configuration that you install on a master system After youhave installed and configured the master system, you create a flash

archive from the master system You create as many flash archives as youneed and choose which flash archive to install on each system

The standard Solaris OS installation methods install each Solaris OSpackage individually This method of package-based installation is timeconsuming because the installation must update the package map for eachpackage The Solaris Flash archive installs on your system much fasterthan when you install each of the individual Solaris OS packages, becauseyou are only producing a copy of an already installed system

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Solaris WAN Boot

The WAN boot installation method enables you to boot and installsoftware over a wide area network (WAN) by using HTTP The WAN bootinstallation method enables you to transmit an encrypted Solaris Flasharchive over a public network to a remote SPARC®-based client TheWAN boot programs then install the client system by performing acustom JumpStart installation

To protect the integrity of the installation, you can use private keys toauthenticate and encrypt data You can also transmit your installationdata and files over a secure HTTP connection by configuring your systems

to use digital certificates

Solaris upgrade options include both the standard upgrade and the liveupgrade

Standard Upgrade to the Solaris OS

A standard upgrade merges the new version of the Solaris OS with theexisting files on the system’s disk The methods available for a standardupgrade are Solaris GUI installation, the CLI installation, and the customJumpStart procedure

A standard upgrade saves many of the modifications that were made tothe OS with the previous version of the Solaris OS Because the Solaris OS

is unavailable to users during the standard upgrade, the standardupgrade results in longer periods of downtime

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Solaris Live Upgrade Software

The Solaris Live Upgrade Software upgrades a duplicate boot

environment while the active boot environment is still running Thismethod eliminates downtime of the production environment The SolarisLive Upgrade method can be run with either a GUI or a command-lineinterface First, create a duplicate boot environment After that has beencreated, upgrade or install a Solaris Web Start Flash archive on the

inactive boot environment When you are ready, activate the inactive bootenvironment During the next reboot, the inactive boot environmentbecomes the active boot environment If there is a failure, you can recoveryour original boot environment by reactivating it and rebooting the

system

Solaris Live Upgrade Software requires enough available disk space tocreate a duplicate of your boot environment To estimate the file systemsize needed to create a boot environment, start the creation of the newboot environment The file system size is calculated, and you can thenabort the process

Hardware Requirements for Installation of the

Solaris 10 OS

A Solaris 10 OS installation requires the following:

● 256 Mbytes of memory minimum recommended

● At least 5 Gbytes of disk space

● Access to a CD-ROM/DVD drive or an installation server

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Software Components of the Solaris OS

The Solaris OS software is organized into three components:

CDE DEMOS CDE DTBUILDER CDE Developer

Man Pages CDE HELP

Developer

Env CDE ManPages

CDE Includes

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Some software clusters contain only one software package

Solaris OS Software Groups

Software groups are collections of Solaris OS software packages Eachsoftware group includes support for different functions and hardwaredrivers The Solaris OS is made up of six software groups:

● Reduced Networking Support software group

● Core System Support software group

● End User Solaris software group

● Developer Solaris software group

● Entire Solaris software group

● Entire Solaris software group plus Original Equipment

Manufacturers (OEM) support

Table 1-1 Packages Included in the CDE Software Cluster

SUNWdtwm SUNWdthez SUNWdtbas SUNWdtab

SUNWdtdst SUNWdtjxt SUNWdtdmr SUNWdthed

SUNWdtscm SUNWpdas SUNWdtdmn SUNWdtinc

SUNWdthe SUNWdtim SUNWdtdte SUNWdtmad

SUNWdthev SUNWdtezt SUNWdtlog SUNWdtma

SUNWdticn SUNWscgui SUNWdtdem SUNWdtmaz

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Figure 1-3 shows the software groups that compose the Solaris OS

Figure 1-3 Solaris OS Software Groups

Minimal Core Metacluster ( SUNWCmreq )

The metacluster SUNWCmreqis a hidden metacluster It allows you tocreate a minimal core metacluster by deselecting packages from the coremetacluster

Reduced Network Support Software Group ( SUNWCrnet )

This group contains the minimum software that is required to boot andrun a Solaris system with limited network service support The ReducedNetworking software group provides a multiuser text-based console andsystem administration utilities This software group also enables thesystem to recognize network interfaces, but does not activate networkservices

A system installed with the Reduced Networking software group could,

for example, be used as a thin-client host in a network.

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Core Software Group ( SUNWCreq )

The Core software group contains the minimum software required to bootand run the Solaris OS in a minimum configuration, without the support

to run many server applications The Core software group includes aminimum of networking software, including Telnet, File Transfer Protocol(FTP), Network File System (NFS), Network Information Service (NIS)clients, and Domain Name Service (DNS) This software group also

includes the drivers required to run the Common Desktop Environment(CDE) but does not include the CDE software The Core software groupalso does not include online manual pages

End User System Support Software Group ( SUNWCuser )

The End User System Support software group contains the Core softwaregroup and also contains the recommended software for an end user plusthe CDE

Developer System Support Software Group ( SUNWCprog )

The Developer System Support software group contains the End UserSystem Support software group It also contains the libraries, the includefiles, the online manual pages, and the programming tools for developingsoftware

Entire Distribution Software Group ( SUNWCall )

The Entire Distribution software group contains the Developer SystemSupport software group It also contains additional software needed forservers The software that is in the Entire Distribution software group isthe entire Solaris OS software release minus OEM support

Entire Distribution Plus OEM Support Software Group

( SUNWCXall )

The Entire Distribution Plus OEM Support software group contains theentire Solaris OS software release It also contains additional hardwaresupport for OEMs and hardware not on the system at the time of

installation This software group is recommended when you are installingthe Solaris OS software on non-Sun servers that use UltraSPARC

processors

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To view the names of the cluster configurations, perform the command:

# grep METACLUSTER /var/sadm/system/admin/.clustertoc

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