treasures grammar and writing handbook grade 5 phần 5 pptx

Repeat layers of ice and salt until the can is full The surrounding air must contain water vapor for frost to form.. The frost form when the water vapor freezes on contact with the co

DRAFT REVISE PROOFREAD PUBLISH

■ Did you choose an experiment, a project,

or a skill that you can explain to others?

■ Did you organize the steps of the experiment

in a flowchart?

■ Do you need to check facts or do any research?

Plan Your Own Explanatory Writing

1 Think about your purpose and audience

2 Brainstorm ideas for a topic to explain

3 Choose an experiment, a project, or a skill and explore

Place ice cubes in a plastic bag.

Use a hammer to break ice into small pieces.

Make a layer of ice in a can.

Put a layer of salt in the can.

Fill the can with more layers of ice and salt.

Watch the frost form on the can.

Organize • Sequence

Writing that explains usually presents instructions in a

step-by-step order To explain something step-by-step, you

can use a flowchart to plan your writing Not all your ideas

may be needed, however What ideas from the list did this

writer leave out of her chart?

How to Make Frost

PROCESS What Else Do I

Need to Know?

What is frost?

Why does frost form?

Where Can I Find the Information?

Take notes from an online search or a talk with a scientist or science teacher Look in an encyclopedia in book form or on CD-Rom.

▶ Writer’s Resources

You may need to do research to get more information for your explanation First, make a list of questions Then, decide where you will go to find answers

▶ Use an Encyclopedia

An encyclopedia has articles about many topics These articles are arranged in alphabetical order An encyclopedia can take the form of a set of books, a Web site on the Internet, or a program on CD-ROM Regardless of the kind

of encyclopedia you use, you must have a keyword in mind

to find information about your topic For her explanation

of frost, the student looked up the keyword frost in the F

volume of a print encyclopedia

Guide words help

you find the article

by giving the name

of the first complete

entry on the page.

The entry word

is the title of the

article It is often

the keyword of

your topic.

A cross reference

leads you to other

articles that will

give you more

information.

FRONTIER See PIONEER LIFE

IN THE U.S FROST is one form of water It is

a pattern of ice crystals that forms when water vapor condenses on

a surface, such as a windowpane

Frost usually occurs on cold, cloudless nights when the air temperature drops below 32°F

(0 C), the freezing point of water

Frost and dew form in much

the same way At night, the drop

in temperature causes the earth

to cool As the earth gets cooler, the water condenses, forming dewdrops on surfaces Some of these dewdrops freeze when the temperature falls below freezing When the frozen droplets get larger, they become frost crystals

See also DEW.

FRONTIER

DRAFT REVISE PROOFREAD PUBLISH PREWRITE

Introduction Step 2

■ Did you take notes

or print out useful information?

How to Make Frost

Frost is one form of water It is made from water vapor.

▶ Search Online

National information services and online encyclopedias

can help you check facts and find information Search the

Internet for these and other useful resources Take notes or

print out facts that will help you explain your topic Write

down the Web address for each piece of information you find

▶ Use Your Research

Review your flowchart and add any new information

you gained from your research This writer discovered

important information about how frost is made How did

she change the introduction and final steps on her chart?

Review Your Plan

1 Look at your flowchart

2 List questions you have about your topic

Make a layer of ice in a can.

Put a layer of salt in the can.

Fill the can with more layers of ice and salt.

Watch the frost form on the can.

Breathe softly on the surface of the can to add more

water vapor to the air.

Water vapor freezes on contact with the cold surface

of the can.

about three centimeters deep

PROCESSPROCESS HOW-TO FLOWCHART

Place ice cubes in a plastic bag.

Use a hammer to break ice into small pieces.

Make a layer of ice in a can.

Put a layer of salt in the can.

Fill the can with more layers of ice and salt.

Watch the frost form on the can.

How to Make Frost

Before you begin writing your explanation, review the flowchart you made Think about making a paragraph for your introduction, for the steps in the middle of your draft, and for your conclusion Include details that support your step-by-step explanation

The last paragraph should show what will happen if I follow all the steps.

The first paragraph

should explain what I am

going to show how

to make.

The steps will make a

good second paragraph I

may need to add details to

make the steps clearer.

Breathe softly on the surface of the can to add more water vapor to the air.

Water vapor freezes on contact with the cold surface

of the can.

Frost is one form of water It is made from water vapor.

about three centimeters deep

Drafting

■ Does your explanation

fit your purpose and

audience?

■ Are the steps organized

in the right order?

■ Have you included all

the steps so that your

audience can do the

REVISE PROOFREAD PUBLISH

DRAFT

Have you ever notised the frost that forms on

windows in the Winter? Did you know that you can

make frost? frost was one form of water It is made

from another form of water called water vapor.

First place ice cubes in a plastic bag Use a hammer to

break the cubes into small pieces Next make a layer of

ice about three centimeters deep in a can Then add a

thin layer of salt Repeat layers of ice and salt until the

can is full The surrounding air must contain water vapor

for frost to form Finally, breathe softly on the surface

of the can to add more water vapor to the air.

Watch as frost appears on the can The frost form

when the water vapor freezes on contact with the cold

surface of the can.

Look at how this writer used the ideas on her chart to

write a first draft She opened with a question that would

get her readers’ attention Then she used time-order words

to help show the steps her audience would need to follow

in order to do the experiment

DRAFT

TECHNOLOGY

You can use the paste feature on your computer to put the steps of your explanation

cut-and-First paragraph tells what the audience will learn how to make.

Third paragraph states the conclusion.

Second paragraph explains how to do this experiment

Time-order words connect the steps.

Draft Your Own Explanatory Writing

1 Review your prewriting flowchart

2 Write about how to make or do something

3 Put the steps of the experiment in order and use

The writer changed some of her directions to make them easier to follow.

First place ice cubes in a plastic bag.

Next make a layer of ice about three centimeters deep in a can

place

First place ice cubes in a plastic bag Use a hammer

to break the cubes into small pieces Next make a layer of ice about three centimeters deep in a can

Then add a thin layer of salt Repeat layers of ice and salt until the can is full

and seal tightly

The writer added a better description of where to place the first layer of ice

and seal tightly place

at the bottom of

PREWRITE DRAFT

PROOFREAD PUBLISH REVISE

The frost form when the water vapor freezes on

contact with the cold surface of the can.

Revise Your Own Explanatory Writing

1 Add details or information that will make it easier for

your reader to do the activity

2 Use spatial words to help your reader understand

the process

3 Add details or information that will make your writing

clearer and more interesting

4 Grammar Check for subject-verb agreement in your

explanatory writing Also check that adverbs and

adjectives are used properly

Better Sentences

As you continue to revise your draft, check the way

your sentences sound Read them aloud Do your subjects

and verbs agree?

When you check for subject-verb agreement in your

writing, find the subject of the sentence first Then find

the predicate, or the verb, of the sentence Remember: If

the subject is singular, the verb must be singular If the

subject is plural, the verb must be plural Add -s to most

verbs if the subject is singular in the present tense

forms

TECHNOLOGY

Some of your classmates may know word-processing tips that you might like to know Ask them to explain and demonstrate these tips by using steps that you can understand.

Take a break from your writing Exchange drafts with a partner Your partner may have some good suggestions to give you Remember: If your partner can’t follow your steps, your audience probably won’t be able to follow them either

Your question gets me interested right away.

Conferencing for the Reader

■ Are features of explanatory writing included in your

partner’s writing?

• informs or explains

• step-by-step instructions

• clear details

• time-order and spatial words

■ Make sure to tell your partner what’s good about the

piece as well as what needs improvement.

Have you ever notised the frost that forms on windows in the Winter? Did you know that you can make frost? frost was one form of water It is made from another form of water called water vapor

First place ice cubes in a plastic bag Use a hammer to break the cubes into small pieces Next make a layer of ice about three centimeters deep in a can Then add a thin layer of salt Repeat layers of ice and salt until the can is full The surrounding air must contain water vapor for frost to form Finally, breathe softly on the surface

of the can to add more water vapor to the air

Watch as frost appears on the can The frost form when the water vapor freezes on contact with the cold surface of the can

PREWRITE DRAFT

PROOFREAD PUBLISH REVISE

Revising

■ Does your explanation suit your purpose and audience?

■ Do you need to elaborate on any of your steps?

■ Did you describe each

of your steps clearly?

■ Did you use spatial words to make your steps clearer?

■ Did you write your steps in the correct order?

■ Did you add a good title?

Have you ever notised the frost that forms on

windows in the Winter? Did you know that you can

make frost? frost was one form of water It is made

from another form of water called water vapor.

First place ice cubes in a plastic bag Use a hammer to

break the cubes into small pieces Next make a layer of

ice about three centimeters deep in a can Then add a

thin layer of salt Repeat layers of ice and salt until the

can is full The surrounding air must contain water vapor

for frost to form Finally, breathe softly on the surface

of the can to add more water vapor to the air.

Watch as frost appears on the can The frost form

when the water vapor freezes on contact with the cold

surface of the can.

REVISE

When you revise your explanatory writing, consider

your partner’s comments This writer made changes based

on her partner’s ideas

How to Make Frost

All you need are ice cubes, a plastic bag, a hammer, an empty coffee can,

and salt.

Revise Your Own Writing That Explains

1 Read your notes from the peer conference

2 Add information that will make your steps clearer

3 Take out information from your draft that isn’t necessary

4 Add a clear, simple title

inside and seal tightly.

Proofread Proofread/Edit

After you have revised your explanatory writing, you will need to proofread and edit it to find and correct any errors in mechanics, grammar and usage, and spelling

STRATEGIES FOR PROOFREADING

better chance of catching all mistakes

pronouns, adverbs and adjectives are used properly.

Make sure that they all agree in tense and number

writing is clear and makes sense

checker on your computer

GRAMMAR

happened

• Be sure that subjects and verbs agree

• Add -s or -es to form most singular verbs in the present

• Add -d or -ed to form the past tense of many verbs

MECHANICS

• Use a comma after a time-order word, such as first, next,

and finally, and to separate three or more items in a series.

PREWRITE DRAFT REVISE

PUBLISH PROOFREAD

■ Did you end each sentence with the correct punctuation mark?

■ Did you indent each paragraph?

PROOFREADING MARKS

new paragraph add

take out Make a capital letter Make a small letter Check the spelling Add a period.

Have you ever notised the frost that forms on

windows in the Winter? Did you know that you can

make frost? frost was one form of water It is made

from another form of water called water vapor.

First place ice cubes in a plastic bag Use a hammer to

break the cubes into small pieces Next make a layer of

ice about three centimeters deep in a can Then add a

thin layer of salt Repeat layers of ice and salt until the

can is full The surrounding air must contain water vapor

for frost to form Finally, breathe softly on the surface

of the can to add more water vapor to the air.

Watch as frost appears on the can The frost form

when the water vapor freezes on contact with the cold

surface of the can.

How to Make Frost

All you need are ice cubes, a plastic bag, a hammer, an empty coffee can,

Look at the proofreading corrections made on the draft

below What does the symbol mean? Why does the

writer want to start a new paragraph?

Proofread Your Own Explanatory Writing

1 Correct spelling mistakes

2 Add missing commas

3 Correct problems with verb tenses Check the forms of

adverbs and adjectives

noticed

is

❑ Did I write a strong introduction and conclusion?

❑ Did I present my steps in the right order?

❑ Did I choose the best spatial and time-order words to make

my instructions clear?

❑ Are my sentences varied? Do they fit together well?

❑ Did I use verb tenses and subject-verb agreement correctly?

❑ Did I use commas correctly?

❑ Did I proofread my writing and correct all the errors?

Explanatory Writing Publish

PREWRITE DRAFT REVISE PROOFREAD PUBLISH

Publish Your Own Explanatory Writing

1 Check your revised draft one more time

2 Print out or write a neat, final copy of your revised draft

3 Add pictures that show the steps you have explained

How to Make Frost

by Emily ChambersHave you ever noticed the frost that forms on windows

in the winter? Did you know that you can make frost?

Frost is one form of water It is made from another form

of water called water vapor All you need are ice cubes,

a plastic bag, a hammer, an empty coffee can, and salt

First, place ice cubes inside a plastic bag and seal

tightly Use a hammer to break the cubes into small

pieces Next, place a layer of ice about three centimeters

deep at the bottom of a can Then, add a thin layer of

salt on top of the ice Repeat layers of ice and salt until

the can is full The surrounding air must contain water

vapor for frost to form Finally, breathe softly on the

surface of the can to add more water vapor to the air

Now watch as frost appears on the can The frost

forms when the water vapor freezes on contact with the

cold surface of the can

How-to Writing

4

Excellent

■ creates a focused explanation with clear details

■ explains the topic in an engaging manner and logical order

■ uses a personal style and shows original knowledge

■ uses spatial and time-order words

■ uses a variety of simple and complex sentences that flow smoothly

■ is free or almost free of errors

3

Good

■ creates a solid explanation with clear details

■ introduces the topic and presents steps in a logical order

■ uses a personal tone and shows knowledge of the topic

■ includes some spatial and time-order words

■ uses a variety of easy-to-follow sentences

■ has minor errors that do not confuse the reader

2

Fair

■ attempts an explanation, but details may be unclear

■ presents some steps out of order

■ does not connect to readers with enthusiasm

■ includes few spatial or time-order words

■ uses only simple sentences that lack variety

■ makes frequent errors that confuse the reader

1

Unsatisfactory

■ creates an incomplete explanation

■ does not include a clear beginning and presents steps illogically

■ does not use a personal voice and shows little knowledge of the topic

■ uses no spatial or time-order words and language not connected to the purpose

■ uses run-on sentences and sentence fragments

■ makes serious and repeated errors

Go to www.macmillanmh.com for a 6-Point Student Writing Rubric.