FLUENT ENGLISH LIVING LANGUAGEFLUENT phần 5 pdf

REVIEW EXERCISE 3: Negative Questions Complete the following negative questions by supplying the proper auxiliary... __________ you at least try to learn some Arabic before your trip to

88 FLUENT ENGLISH

Look on

To watch or observe in order to gain knowledge or information If you're doing a new procedure, do you mind if I look on to see how it's done?

Look out for

a) To watch or wait for Look out for the waiter and ask him for some water if he comes by b) To be carefuI of Look out for that icy patch on the road!

Look out on/over

To be above a view Our hotel balcony looked out on/over a beautiful bay

Look over

To inspect or examine Class, be sure to look over your papers before turning them in

Look (someone) up

a) To make contact with, especially during a visit to another city If I'm ever in Montreal,

be sure to look you up so we can have dinner.

Look (something) up

b) To find, as in an answer or a definition If you don't know a word, look it up in your dictionary.

YOUR ISLAND GETAWAY

If you're all stressed out because you've got your nose to the grindstone and you're up

to your ears in work, don't have a nervous breakdown Why not break away? Take a trip

to an island paradise You can take it easy while living it up You'll find the water warm and soothing, and the views will absolutely take your breath away So come on, why not check it out? See you there

9G BRING IT ALL TOGETHER

REVIEW EXERCISE 1: Vocabulary

Fill in the blanks with the words below

bluff, coral formations, cruise, ecotour, enhances, exhausted, expedition, flora and fauna, hiking, lush, picturesque, pristine, reminiscent, sanctuary, shimmering, spectacular, summit, terrain, tropical, turquoise

1 Bob's favorite form of exercise is in the mountains

2 We went scuba diving so that we could see the up close

Lesson 9: This Is Paradise, Isn't It? 89

3 Dina's _ after her busy three-day trip to San Francisco

4 All the _ plant life makes your garden look like a jungle!

5 Is the hilly, flat, or mountainous in your country?

6 If you're concerned about the environment, try an for your next vacation

7 The moon's reflection was on the lake

8 While at Big Sur, Jim and Mary sat on a high overlooking the Pacific

Ocean below

9 What a _ scene, with all the pine trees surrounding the clear blue lake!

10 You look great in _ ; it's one of your best colors

11 Your new haircut _ the best features in your face

12 The image on the new plasma TV is _

13 _ to an island getaway are the most romantic vacations

14 The national park preserves hundreds of square miles of _ wilderness

15 Joe fantasizes about being at a _ beach, sitting under palm trees with a tall, cool drink in his hand

16 Charles Darwin was fascinated by the _ of the Galapagos

17 Penny regarded her bedroom as her _ away from the difficulties of school

18 Take a picture of the valley below when you reach the _

19 The writer's fans found her latest book of her much earlier novels

20 The _ to King Tut's tomb was interesting and exciting

REVIEW EXERCISE 2: Tag Questions

Supply the correct tag ending

1 You look tired You aren't sick, _ ?

2 Kevin's lost a lot of weight You don't think he looks too thin, _ ?

3 The streets were wet this morning It didn't rain, _ ?

4 I'm sitting next to you on the plane, ?

5 You can postpone your vacation one week, _ ?

6 She's been to the Caribbean before, _ ?

7 _ Ann hasn't left for the excursion yet, ?

8 You'll come with us, _ ?

REVIEW EXERCISE 3: Negative Questions

Complete the following negative questions by supplying the proper auxiliary

1 you ever been to California before?

2 _ you just love to sit on the beach and relax when you're on vacation?

3 you remember to pack you passport last night?

4 _ I taking the same flight as you?

5 the guided tour that we took of the chateau fascinating?

6 _ Thai cuisine one of the most delicious in the world?

90 FLUENT ENGLISH

7 that guy take the same flight as we did?

8 you at least try to learn some Arabic before your trip to Cairo next month

REVIEW EXERCISE 4: Beginning Sentences with Negative Adverbs

Rewrite each of the following sentences so that they begin with negative adverbs

1 Murray has never taken such a long vacation

2 I seldom have the opportunity to meet such interesting people

3 Janet hardly ever leaves the office before 6:30 in the evening

4 I had never felt so frightened on a flight

5 We had scarcely arrived at the beach when the weather turned ugly

6 The kids have never swum in such warm water

7 The flowers have never looked so stunning

8 The children hardly ever take an interest in museums

REVIEW EXERCISE 5: Phrasal Verbs with look

Fill in the sentences with the following phrasal verbs

look after, look at, looking for, looking forward to, look into, look out, looked out on, look over, look up, look up to

1 We need to _ the new charter school before we decide where Jamie should

go to school

2 I'm _ cheap flights on the Internet

3 for the sharp turns in the mountain roads

4 Would you please these plans _ before we get started?

5 Most children one or both of their parents

6 Could you _ our house while we're away?

7 The Carlson's have been their cruise for months

8 The houses in the hills all the valley below

9 this brochure about hiking trails in the national park

10 It's easy to _ information on the Internet

9H LISTEN UP!

Turn on your recording and listen in as Meredith and Kathy talk about a trip that Kathy took while Meredith was in Hawaii Then answer the following questions

1 What country was Kathy's vacation in?

2 What did Kathy learn to do while she was there?

3 What do cliff divers hold in their hands?

4 What type of jewelry does Kathy show Meredith?

5 Did Kathy like the food she ate there?

6 What was Kathy doing when she met someone?

Lesson 9: This Is Paradise, Isn't It? 91

9I WHY DO THEY DO THAT?

Travel in America

Americans travel a lot And, as you read in an earlier lesson, Americans also love their cars

So it's not surprising to know that Americans' favorite mode of transportation to take a trip is the automobile According to a study of 80,000 households in 1995, over 80 percent of all trips were taken in personal vehicles Even for long trips between 500 and 1,000 miles,

Americans chose to drive 75 percent of the time That is compared to only 15.6 percent who traveled by plane And most of these trips were for long distances, too According to the

same study, the average American traveled over 3,000 miles on long-distance trips Most of this travel took place within the United States Only about 4 percent of the long distance trips were to other countries

What does all this say about the American character? Once again, personal freedom is the primary reason why Americans choose cars over all other types of transportation Americans want to be in control of what they see, where they go, what they do, and when they do it There's something special about getting in a car and just driving off But why are the long-distance trips primarily confined to the U.S.? There could be a few reasons for that It could

be economics, or it could be a symptom of an isolationist mentality some people associate with Americans Or it could be simple geography— the U.S is a vast country, so it's possible

to travel distances here that would take a person through two or more countries in some other parts of the world Whatever the reason, there's a lot to see and a lot of people and places to visit, so it's no wonder that the "road trip" is a beloved part of American culture

Statistics taken from Americans Prefer Cars for Long Trips, by Scott Bowles, Cincinnati.com, Sept 3, 2003

Lesson 9: Answer Key

Practice Exercise 1 1 don't you 2 weren't there 3 do you 4 can we 5 won't it 6 is it 7 will he/she 8 has she 9 is it

10 did they Practice Exercise 2 1 Aren't/Weren't, 2 Doesn't, 3 Didn't, 4 Isn't, 5 Doesn't/Won't, 6 Didn't, 7 Wasn't, 8 Aren't

Practice Exercise 3 1 Never had we seen such beautiful mountains 2 Scarcely had Paul left the house when the

blizzard hit 3 Rarely had Jim spoken with such sincerity 4 Seldom do we take such relaxing trips 5 Hardly ever did the Harding family go on vacation 6 Rarely does Tony go to bed before midnight 7 Never had I seen such clear water as during our trip to Curacao 8 Never had the sky looked so ominous.

Review Exercise 1 1 hiking, 2 coral formations, 3 exhausted, 4 lush, 5 terrain, 6 ecotour, 7 shimmering, 8 bluff,

9 picturesque, 10 turquoise, 11 enhances, 12 spectacular, 13 Cruises, 14 pristine, 15 tropical, 16 flora and fauna, 17 sanctuary, 18 summit, 19 reminiscent, 20 expedition

Review Exercise 2 1 are you 2 do you 3 did it 4 aren't I 5 can't you 6 hasn't she 7 has she 8 won't you

Review Exercise 3 1 Haven't, 2 Don't / Won't, 3 Didn't, 4 Aren't 5 Wasn't, 6 Isn't 7 Didn't 8 Won't

Review Exercise 4 1 Never has Murray taken such a long vacation 2 Seldom do I have the opportunity to meet

such interesting people 3 Hardly ever does Janet leave the office before 6:30 in the evening 4 Never had I felt so frightened on a flight 5 Scarcely had we arrived the beach when the weather turned ugly 6 Never have the kids swum in such warm water 7 Never have the flowers looked so stunning 8 Hardly ever do the children take an interest in museums.

Review Exercise 5 1 look into, 2 looking for, 3 look out, 4 look over, 5 look up to, 6 look after, 7 looking forward

to, 8 looked out on, 9 Look at, 10 look up

Listen Up! 1 Mexico, 2 Dance the salsa, 3 Torches, 4 A silver bracelet, 5 Yes, 6 Dancing

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OCABULARY

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93

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94 FLUENT ENGLISH

Innings The period that both teams have to hit the ball before they each get three

outs An inning can last from a few minutes to an hour.There are nine innings per

game, but if there is a tie, additional innings are added It's the bottom of the eighth inning and the Carps are ahead by two runs.

Mound A small hill built up in the middle of the infield where the pitcher stands and

pitches the ball The pitcher kicked the dirt up on the mound as he wound up for the throw.

Out When a batter gets three strikes, a ball is caught before it hits the ground, or when

a runner is tagged while running from one base to another There are three outs for

each team per inning The runner was tagged out just before he got to second base

Outfield The playing field outside of the diamond or infield The two players ran into

each other in the outfield as they raced to catch the ball.

Pitcher The player who throws the ball for the batter to attempt to hit Tom Lankey's

one of the best pitchers in the league.

R B I The average of Runs Batted In When a player hits the ball bringing a runner or

runners to home base Ceroid Teague has such a good R B I He's really one of the most valuable players.

Roster A listing of the team's players in their batting order Pitchers usually can't hit

well, so coaches put them at the end of the roster.

Sacrifice fly A ball that is intentionally hit high in the air to be caught before it hits the

ground, giving a runner on third base time to run to home base McDermott saw that his team had a chance to get another run, so he hit a sacrifice fly.

Slugger A batter that hits the ball harder than most players McDermott's such a good

slugger He can really hit that ball harder than just about anyone.

Strike When the batter swings and misses the ball, or does not swing at a ball that

was within the batting zone "Here comes the ball He swings and he misses the ball! Strike one."

Umpire A sports official who makes decisions about plays made during a game "Oh, the fans did not like that call They're yelling at the umpire It looked to me like it was a bad decision, too."

10D ENGLISH UNDER THE HOOD

TOPIC 1: Reported Speech: Past, Present, and Future

Reported speech is speech that reports what someone else said, but it is not a direct quotation For example:

Direct quotation: "It's afoul ball! You're out!"

Reported Speech: The umpire said that it was a foul ball and I was out.

Notice that the verb in the reported speech (was) changes tense from the direct quotation [is or are) and that the pronoun changes logically (you became /) Also notice that the reported speech is introduced by said in the case of statements, as in the example above, but asked in the case of questions or requests, or told in the case

Lesson 10: Take Me Out to the Ball Game! 95

of commands Let's take a look at some other examples of the past, present, and future tenses, and compare direct quotes to reported speech Pay careful attention to the verbs

"/ study English every day." He said (that) he studied English every day.

"Thierry has left for the game." Nora said (that) Thierry had left for the game.

"I played baseball on Saturday." The student said (that) she had played

baseball on Saturday.

"We are going to practice tonight." They said that they were going to practice

tonight.

Here are a few examples of reported questions Use ask to report questions and add if to

the beginning of the reported portion

"Do you like basketball?" Sarah asked me if I liked basketball.

"Are you watching the game?" He asked if I was watching the game.

Ask is also used to report requests or polite commands Notice that the requested verb is

put into an infinitive form

"Could you please turn down the TV?" He asked me to turn down the TV

"Would you mind sitting down?" She asked me to sit down.

Use tell for commands, and again change the verb into an infinitive

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: Change the following direct quotes into reported speech

1 John: "I'm going to play hockey this weekend."

2 Sarah:"I will practice every day after school."

3 The players: "We are tired of losing!"

4 Coach Silver:"You are not trying hard enough."

5 The reporter:"lt is one of the most exciting games ever."

6 Gary: "We lost the game."

7 Betty:"I played soccer when I was a girl."

8 The woman:"Where is the stadium?"

9 Keith:"Give me the ball!"

10 Mary:"Do you prefer hockey or basketball?"

TOPIC 2: Using Modals in Reported Speech

When using the modals may, might, can, should, have to, ought to, or must in reported speech, make the following replacements in the reported portion of the sentence: may and might both become might, can becomes could, should remains should, ought to remains ought to, and have to and must both become had to.

"I may buy season tickets." He said he might buy season tickets.

"Dawn might come to the stadium." He said that Dawn might come to the

stadium.

96 FLUENT ENGLISH

play the best.

1 Enrique: "I have to get some sleep for the big game tomorrow."

2 Adrian: "Each player must play as well as possible."

3 Harry:"That player may need the team doctor!"

4 Jane: "Bill ought to be at soccer practice right now."

5 The coach: "Can all of you come an hour early tomorrow?"

6 Daniel: "We might be tired after the workout."

7 Derrick: "Should we go to the game tonight?"

8 Lucy: "You must work out four or five times a week."

9 Lawrence: "We can see the whole ballpark from our seats!"

10 Reporter: "It has to be a hard decision for Coach Matthews."

TOPIC 3: Questions in Statement Form

As you heard in the Say It Clearly! section of this lesson, questions can have the same

word order and form as statements This type of question often shows surprise, disbelief, or uncertainty, but depending on the intonation used, just about any question can take this form, especially in informal or spoken English Here are a few examples in context

You're tired today? But you slept for ten hours last night!

It's Tuesday already? I thought it was Monday.

They lost the game? But they've been winning for weeks!

Tomorrow is the championship? I thought it wasn't for a few weeks.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3: Rewrite each of the following questions in statement form Practice saying them aloud with high intonation

1 Are you a fan of the Tigers?

2 Is Mark Sommer pitching tonight?

3 Did you join the wrestling team?

4 Are you going to buy season tickets?

5 Do you agree with the umpire?

6 Is Sarah planning on quitting the team?

7 Is the game tied?

8 Has the game gone into extra innings?

Lesson 10: Take Me Out to the Ball Game! 97

10E PHRASAL VERBS WITH KEEP:

Keep an eye on

To watch carefully Sam, can you keep an eye on my books while I go get another cup of coffee?

Keep away from

a) To avoid something or someone Kids, keep away from the street!

b) To prevent someone from getting something Keep those peanuts away from Judy

She's allergic

Keep in mind

To think about or remember while making a decision Always keep in mind how

important this project is

Keep track of

To maintain a record of something, to watch carefully Keep track of how much you

spend so that you can get your money back

Keep up with

a) To remain on the same level as someone else Sarah can't keep up with the class

because she never studies

b) To be able to understand something that is fast or confusing He talks so fast that it's hard to keep up with him.

10F REAL ENGLISH

A Day at the Races

Have you ever been to the horse races? Well, I have, and it's a blast! But watching the people can be more fun than watching the horses A lot of people go dressed to kill! Man, they look like a million dollars On opening day, they actually compete to see who can wear the most interesting or craziest hat And if you've got stars in your eyes, here's one place you might see some stars movie stars, that is Seeing a star there could make your day

Oh, and if you like watching fast horses, those horses will take your breath away If you're

careful and don't bet too much money on the horses, going

98 FLUENT ENGLISH

to the races can be a fun and entertaining experience that won't cost you an arm and a leg So go on, live it up! Co check out the horse races!

10G BRING IT ALL TOGETHER

REVIEW EXERCISE 1: Vocabulary

1 A hit outside the lines

4 The small hill where the pitcher

stands

6 A hard hitter

7 A runner steps on this as he runs by

9 The shape made by the four bases

Lesson 10: Take Me Out to the Ball Game! 99

11 A hit that goes beyond the

playing field

13 When you can't hit the ball it's a

16 The one who throws the ball to the

batter

17 There are nine of these

19 The person standing behind the batter

Down

2 The field beyond the diamond

3 Inside the diamond

5 A ball hit high in the air and then caught

7 A hit that rolls a short distance

8 The person who decides if a play is good

REVIEW EXERCISE 2: Reported Speech: Past, Present, and Future

Rewrite the following direct quotes as reported speech

1 Jaime:"Are you hungry?"

2 Meredith: "Is Kevin going to the zoo or the swimming pool?"

3 Stuart:"Give me a hand with the net, Joe."

4 Raul:"Will you be here tomorrow?"

5 Randy:"The washing machine was repaired this morning."

6 Tammy:"lt's going to be a great game!"

7 The reporter: "The fans have been having a great time all day!"

8 Mack: "Have you every seen a hockey game before?"

9 The umpire:"Play ball, team."

10 Coach Jordan:"Will you be able to play with your injured leg, Kelly?"

REVIEW EXERCISE 3: Using Modals in Reported Speech

Rewrite the following direct quotes as reported speech

1 Robin:"Can you pick me up at 10:00?"

2 Jennifer:"I may come into town tomorrow."

3 Radha:"l might go shopping for tennis shoes tomorrow."

4 Arietta: "We must get the pool cleaned up."

5 Danielle: "They ought to be home by now."

6 Darren:"You should take some aspirin for your headache."

7 Tomas:"l have to call my mother before we leave."

8 Claudette:"l may drive instead of fly."

REVIEW EXERCISE 4: Questions in Statement Form

Rewrite each of the following questions in statement form

1 Did you use to play professional football?

2 Did the Gremlins win the state championship?