Recycling of Plastic Materials Part 12 ppsx

There is no denying to the fact that the properties of such products vary greatly.1The products from such recycling processes are definitely inferior.. use of defined proportions of recy

ing with two product classes On one hand, the industry offers recycles which have been produced without specific pre-sorting process There is no denying to the fact that the properties of such products vary greatly.1The products from such recycling processes are definitely inferior On the other hand, there are

Figure 10 Manufacturer’s test certificate

use of defined proportions of recycled materials will be prescribed for the manu-facture of certain products.4However, as yet the recycling market is still

operat-rials As described before, this normally requires comprehensive sorting and up-grading processes This approach normally yields a product which can be adjusted within a broad range to suit the specific customer requirements For such products, suppliers can assume contractual obligations in the form of speci-fications This requires an after-sales service which provides the customer with extensive technical assistance Such an after-sales service has to include activi-ties such as providing written information in the form of data sheets, test certifi-cates (Figure 10) and product information just as well as application-specific advisory services, processing instructions, and solving of customer problems To answer to these needs, we have established a “Technical Marketing Service” which coordinates and provides all these activities.

OUTLOOK

Materials used today for the production of consumer goods and durables will appear on the recycling market tomorrow, provided they are routed for reuse Polymers constitute a major source material for the production of commodities Currently, concepts are being developed and first steps taken to facilitate and improve the separation of polymers from the product after its useful life has elapsed This can be achieved by designing products for maximum ease of disas-sembly and identifying them clearly The practice of combining a great variety of materials in a single appliance or assembly is doomed to find an end as it stands

on the way of comprehensive product recycling Accordingly, greater amounts of pure polymers will enter the recycling market in the future In parallel, new pro-cesses will be developed and implemented to complement the existing recycling and processing capacity It is also well conceivable that the advent of new mate-rials will create new customer requirements or open up new markets Compre-hensive quality assurance applied at the right point and at the right time and taking into account the specific circumstances of the recycling application and the customer requirements will boost the image of secondary polymers and facil-itate their market introduction.

184 Quality Assurance in Plastics Recycling

recyclers who put great efforts into producing high-purity secondary raw

1 H Dominghaus, Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen beim Kunststoff-Rycycling,

Tagungsberichte DIF, Kempen, November, 1991

2 EN2900ff, Qualitätsmanagement - und Qualitätssicherungsnormen,

Qualitätssicherungssysteme, Mai, 1990.

3 J Wortberg and J Haussler, Moderne Konzepte der kontinuierlichen

Prozessuberwachung Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit 37 Jahrg.,2/72, Hanser,

München

4 Bundesminister F Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit WA UU 3 530 111-2/6

Entwurf 15, August 1990, Zielfestlegung der Bundesregierung zur Vermeidung,

Verringerung oder Verwertung von Abfallen aus der Kraftfahrzeugentsorgung

5 H Rinne and J J Mittag, Statische Methoden der Qualitatssicherung, Hanser,

München, Wien, 1989

6 N Ehlert, Anforderungen an die Rohstoffhersteller aus der Sicht eines

Spritzgiessverarbeiters Fachtagung, Würzburg, Dezember, 1990.

7 R Pfaff, Material Recycling of Polypropylene from Automotive Batteries - Process and Equipment, II Int Symp., Ed van Linden, The Mineral, Metals & Materials Society

1990

A

adhesion 91, 160, 161

air flotation 108

aluminium 1, 102, 113

amorphous phase 74

antioxidants 86

automation 104

B

bacteriological

contamination 24

ballistic test 148

battery recycling 173

battery scrap 171

biodegradation 11, 12

blend compatibility 27

bottles 2,18, 23, 99, 105

branches 68

butyl rubber 155

C

calorific value 10 car industry 129, 130, 139

car interiors 131 carbon black 155 catalysts 8 cellulose 111, 113 chlorinated polyethylene 63, 68

cleaning 101 co-injection molding 17,

18, 19, 21 coextrusion 37 collection system 100 combustion 10 compatibility 40, 90 compatibilizer 40, 62, 70,

71, 76 compatibilizing 166 composites 7, 153 compression molding 32 containers 17

crushing 174 crystallinity 68, 76, 148 crystallization 48, 49, 50

D

dashboard 134, 135 density 45, 63 detectors 102, 104, 105 direct re-use 2, 3, 4 disposal 144 door panel 136, 137 drying system 20 DSC 65

E

elastic modulus 30, 35,

36, 51, 89, 95, 125 electrostatic separation 103 elongation 30, 35, 36,

50, 68, 70, 88, 89, 90,

93, 94, 96, 119, 121,

125, 126 ESCA 162 esterification 4 EVA 63, 68 extrusion

31, 32, 33, 35,

42, 84, 124, 127

F

fiber 1, 2, 114

fillers 55, 76, 93, 94, 95,

96, 97, 125, 153

film 1, 2, 3, 10, 12, 27,

28, 30, 36, 37, 60, 62

filmbase 3

flexural modulus 53, 54

floor coverings 134, 135,

136

flotation 42, 62, 104

flow index 148, 157

foam sheets 132

fogging 133

fracture 78

fuel tanks 146

functionalization 28

G

gel content 32

glass 1

glass fiber 126

glycolysis 6, 7

greenhouse 27

grinding 107, 125, 154,

155, 175

H

homodomains 47

hydrolysis 6, 8, 9, 113,

114, 115, 117, 118, 120

I

impact energy 157

impact resistance 53

impact strength 32, 35,

36, 54, 71, 86, 89, 91,

93, 94, 96, 125 impurities 178 incineration 2, 10 industrial scrap 39 injection molding 18, 69,

116, 124 interfacial adhesion 47

IR 64

L

lamellae 68 landfills 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 17

lead 173, 174 lubricants 86

M

macroseparation 104 melt index 63 methanolysis 6, 8 microgels 4 microseparation 103 Molau test 29, 32, 33 molecular separation 103 molecular weight 63 monomer recovery 2, 7, 8

monomers 11 morphology 42, 45, 91

N

Nielsen model 52 NIR 105

O

oil spills 153

P

packaging 60 paper 111, 112, 114,

115, 120 parking area 128 particle size 29, 114,

155, 158, 159 peel adhesion 3 2, 36, 37 phase segregation 48 photodegradation 11 photooxidation 27, 28,

29, 30, 32, 35, 36 pigments 77 pilar trim 137 playground surfaces 153 Poisson’s ratio 53 polyamide 27, 28, 29,

31, 32, 35, 37, 113 polyethylene 27, 28, 30,

31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,

37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47,

48, 50, 54, 62, 63, 64,

65, 67, 68, 70, 74, 76,

83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90,

94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100,

101, 103, 111, 113, 124,

126, 146, 156 polyethyleneterephthalate

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

9, 10, 12, 17, 18, 20,

22, 21, 26, 27, 84, 99,

100, 103, 104, 105,

113, 124 polymer degradation 4,

27, 65, 85, 86, 125, 145 polypropylene 27, 40,

41, 43, 47, 48, 54, 111,

113, 120, 124, 131,

171, 174 polystyrene 1, 27, 40,

41, 43, 47, 54, 113, 116, 124

polyvinylchloride 1, 17,

27, 40, 84, 87, 99, 100,

101, 103, 104, 105,

113, 116, 125, 128, 145

process control 179

Q

quality assurance 176,

182

quality loop 177

R

re-use after modification 2,

6

reactive coupling 164

rear shelf 137

rheology 42, 43, 66

rigidit 55

road surfaces 153

roofing materials 153

rotary screen 102

S

SBR 155

SBS 126

scrap value 142, 143,

144

selection 101 SEM 29, 30, 32, 33, 34,

42, 45, 46, 53, 55, 64,

72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77,

78, 91, 162 separation 61, 100, 102,

106, 174 shear rate 44 shrinkage 48 silver 3, 4 stretch-blow-molding 21, 22

synthetic leather 132

T

talc 125, 126 tensile modulus 50, 52 tensile strength 30, 32,

35, 36, 42, 50, 67, 68,

88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 126

test certificate 183 tiles 127

tires 153 triboelectrical charge 103 turbidity 29

U

urban wastes 39, 40, 60, 62

UV resistance 133

V

vacuum filtration 114 viscosity 19, 44

W

washing equipment 108 water absorption 18, 19

X

X-ray 5

Y

yielding stress 50