1999 CRC Press LLCContents Part I–Introduction to International Environmental Standards Chapter 1 Introduction Part II–International Conventions, Treaties, and Agreements Chapter 2 An I
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Olson, Scott S
International environmental standards handbook / Scott S
Olson
p cm
Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN 1-56670-270-4 (alk paper)
1 Environmental management 1 Title
GE300.038 1999
363.7'05-dc2l 99-13383
CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated A wide variety of references am listed Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use,
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© 1999 by CRC Press LLC
Lewis Publishers is an imprint of CRC Press LLC
No claim to original U.S Government works
International Standard Book Number 1-56670-270-4
Library of Congress Card Number 99-13383
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
© 1999 by CRC Press LLC
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“If Delicate Arch has any significance it lies, I will venture, in the power of the odd and unexpected to startle the senses and surprise the mind out of their ruts of habit, to compel us into a reawakened awareness of the wonderful—that which is full of wonder.”
Edward Abbey
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Author
Scott Olson is Director of the Colorado Environmental Training Center and former Chair of theEnvironmental, Health and Safety Department at Red Rocks Community College in Lakewood,Colorado He is a faculty instructor and coordinator of the Water Quality Management and Envi-ronmental and Safety Technology Degree programs Mr Olson is also a program chair and instructorfor the Rocky Mountain Education Center, OSHA Training Institute at Red Rocks CommunityCollege He is a member of the Board of Directors for the Rocky Mountain Hazardous MaterialsAssociation representing training and education His company, Altitude Training Associates, pro-vides environmental, health and safety training to a variety of organizations
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Contents
Part I–Introduction to International Environmental Standards
Chapter 1 Introduction
Part II–International Conventions, Treaties, and Agreements
Chapter 2 An Introduction to International Environmental Controls
An Overview of International Conventions and Agreements
The Relationship Between International Trade and Environmental Controls
NEPA Influence on International Environmental Controls
New Tools for Providing Proactive Environmental Control
Chapter 4 Key International Agreements
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Objectives of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Summary of the Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (As Agreed Upon
by the Three Parties)
Treaty of Rome, 1952, Single European Act, 1987, and the Maastricht Treaty, 1992
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
Text of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment (1972)
The Rio Declaration On Environment And Development (1992)
Text of the Rio Declaration
World Charter for Nature (1982)
Text of the World Charter for Nature
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Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1979
Other Agreements (actions by the UNEP and EU)
British Standards Institute (BSI)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Water Resources
Protection of Freshwater Resources
Protection of the Oceans and the Marine Environment
The European Union
European Union Directives
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Specific ASTM Water Standards (partial list)
Waste
The Basel Convention (UNEP) on the Control of Transboundary, 1989
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
U.S Bilateral Agreements
EU Directives
ASTM Standards
Additional Standards
International Treaties Relating to the Environment
Air Pollution and the Ozone Layer
Oceans and the Marine Environment
Listing of International Treaties Relating to the Environment
International Treaties Relating to the Environment (alphabetical)
International Treaties Relating to the Environment (North America)
Part III–Environmental Standards
Chapter 6 An Introduction to International Standards Organizations and the
Development Process
Standards Organizations in the United States
International Standardization Activities of ASTM
International Standardization Activities of ISO
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Responsibilities for the Technical Work of ISO
Current International Standardization Activities of ANSI
Development of International Environmental Laws
Development of European Union Directives
Development of National Law
Chapter 7 Guiding Principles and Practices for Business
Introduction
Bellagio Principles
CERES Principles
Protection of the Biosphere
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
Reduction and Disposal of Wastes
United Nations Environment Program
Programs of the United Nations
UNEP Environmental Guidelines
The World Health Organization (WHO)
Regional and Other Offices
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Conventions for which UNEP Provides Secretariat
Sources of Additional Information
References
Chapter 9 Environmental Management Systems
Introduction to Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems
Technical Committee 207 (TC 207) Environmental Management Introduction to ISO 14001
ISO 14001: A Recommended Approach
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Other ISO Standards
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme, EU Directive
British National Standard, BS 7750, British Standards Institution (BSI)
Environmental Auditing
U.S Regulatory Policy Toward EMSs and ISO 14001
U.S Regulatory Setting, Background, and History
The Impact of USEPA’s Regulatory Reinvention Efforts
The USEPA/NEIC Compliance Focused EMS
Major Federal Agency EMS/ISO Initiatives
The Department of Energy (DOE)
Department of Defense (DOD)
Industry Response to ISO 14000 in the United States
Emerging Trends in Strategic Environmental Management
EPA Position Statement on Environmental Management Systems and ISO14001 and a Request for Comments on the Nature of the Data to be Collected from Environmental Management System ISO14001 Pilots
Environmental Protection Agency
Important Organizations and Terms for Environmental Management Systems (terms from ISO 14001)
Agencies and Organizations Conducting EMS Activities
Environmental Management Secretariat for Latin America and the Caribbean
Federal Agencies of the United States, Initiatives for Environmental Management U.S States (Includes Pollution Prevention Programs)
Sources of Additional Information
Documents and Publications
Internet sites for European Union Institutions
References
Chapter 10 The European Union
EU Directives and Environmental Programs
Examples of EU Directives
EU Environmental Programs
Europe and Sustainable Development
European Consultive Forum on the Environment and Sustainable Development IMPEL Network of Authorities in the Member States
Environmental Policy Review Group
EU Standards for the Safety of Machinery
European Community Legislation on Machinery
Summary of the Essential Health and Safety Requirements Relating to the Design and Construction of Machinery
Directory of Community Legislation in Force Relating to the Environment
References
Part IV–Environmental Protection in the United States
Chapter 11 U.S Laws and Regulations
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969
Historic, Scientific, and Cultural Resources
Historic Sites Act (1935), 16 USC
National Historic Preservation Act (1966), 16 USC
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Preservation of Historical and Archeological Data (1960), 16 USC
Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment (1971)
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
Basic Goals of TSCA
How EPA Can Regulate Chemical Substances Under TSCA
Items Not Covered By TSCA
Basic Requirements
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Clean Air Act
History
Provisions of the Law
Hazardous Air Pollutants
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
Other Provisions
Summary of the 1990 CAA Amendments
Example of State Air Regulation: Colorado, U.S
Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC)
Air Pollution Control Division (APCD)
State Implementation Plan
Local Planning Commission (LPC)
Colorado Programs
Clean Air Act of 1990
Reporting HAPs on Air Pollution Emission Notices in the State of Colorado State Implementation Plans
Permits (Title V)
Acid Deposition Control (Title IV)
Stratospheric Ozone Protection
Water Resources
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act)
Wetlands
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Public Law 93-523
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Goals of RCRA
Four Main Programs Under RCRA
Definition of Solid and Hazardous Wastes (40 CFR 261)
Regulations Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste
Transportation Emergencies Involving Hazardous Waste
Land Disposal Restrictions
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (Subtitle C Parts 264 and 265)
Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act TITLE III
General Provisions
Emergency Planning
Emergency Release Notification (Section 304, 40 CFR Part 355)
Community Right-to-Know Reporting Requirements (Sections 311, 312,
40 CFR Part 370)
Toxic Chemical Release Reporting (Section 313, 40 CFR Part 372)
Making Sense of SARA Title III Regulatory Citations
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
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Summary of the Regulation
Additional Information
References
Part V–Sources of Additional Information
Chapter 12 Directory of Organizations and Agencies
Environmental Agencies of the World
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Austria, EU Environmental Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC)
Environmental Management Secretariat for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Quality Management Systems/Environmental Management Systems (QMS/EMS)Sustainable Development Networking Programme (SDNP)
World Bank
U.S EPA Voluntary Standards Network Coordination of ISO 14001 Activities
USEPA
Chapter 13 List of Relevant Documents and Publications
Publications for U.S Environmental Regulations
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Underground Storage Tanks
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
Wetlands
Environmental Auditing
Free Publications Available from the EU
Selected Titles in International Environmental Law and Management
Other Titles
Suppliers of Environmental, Health, and Safety Resource Materials (books, manuals, standards, periodicals, training materials, software, videos)
Environment, General
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Organizations and Associations
Chapter 15 Information Available on the Internet
Organizations and Associations
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACM Asbestos Containing Material
ACP Area Contingency Plan
AEPS Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program
AIR Automobile Repair and Inspection
AIRS Aerometric Information Reporting System
ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APEN Air Pollution Emission Notice
ASQC American Society of Quality Control
AST Above Ground Storage Tank
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATP Anaerobic Thermal Processor
BAT Best Available Technology
BATNEEC Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost
BS British Standard
BSI British Standards Institute
CAA Clean Air Act
CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments (of 1990)
CAS Chemical Abstract System
CBT Chemical and Biological Treatment
CDPHE Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
CDPS Colorado Discharge Permit System
CE Categorical Exclusion
CEI Continuous Environmental Improvement
CEN Comite European de Normalisation
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability ActCERCLIS Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Information
SystemCERES Coalition on Environmentally Responsible Economies
CFC Chloroflurocarbon
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CHMR Center for Hazardous Materials Research
CIA Chemical Industries Association
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CMA Chemical Manufacturers Association
CORACT RCRA Corrective Action Records
CSO Combined Sewer Overflows
CWA Clean Water Act
CZM Coastal Zone Management
DIN Deutches Institut for Normung e.V
DIS Draft International Standards
DOT Department of Transportation
DRT Disaster Recovery Team
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EA Environmental Assessment
EC European Community
EEA European Environment Agency
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone
EHS Environmental Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EINECS European Register of Chemical Substances
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EMAS Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
EMINWA Environmentally Sound Management of Inland WaterEMS Environmental Management Systems
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPADKT EPA Civil Enforcement Docket
EPCRA Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
ER Emergency Response
ERNS Emergency Response Notification System
ERT Emergency Response Team
EU European Union
FDSITE Federal Site Information
FINDS EPA Facility Index System
FONSI Finding Of No Significant Impact
FR Federal Register
GAC Granular Activated Carbon
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCPA Global Climate Protection Act (U.S.)
GEMS Global Environment Monitoring System
GRID Global Resource Information Database
HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant
HAZWOPER Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency ResponseHFC Hydrofluorcarbons
HMTUSA Hazardous Materials Transportation and Uniform Safety ActHMW Hazardous Material and Hazardous Waste
HR Human Resources
IARC International Agency for the Research on Cancer
IC Incident Commander
ICOLP Industry Cooperative for Ozone Layer Protection
ICS Incident Command System
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IECA International Erosion Control Association
IGO Intergovernmental Organization
ILEV Inherently Low-Emitting Vehicles
I/M Inspection/Maintenance
IPC Integrated Pollution Control (Ireland, England)
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IPPC Intergrated Pollution Prevention and Control (EC)
IRPTC International Register of Potentially Toxic ChemicalsISO International Organization for Standardization
ITFM Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring (Water Quality)JTPC Joint Technical Programming Committee
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
LD50 Lethal Dose 50% (median lethal dose)