δ 30 40 handling curve speed lines -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 equilibrium curve LJ 7\UHVLGHIRUFHGLDJUDPVDWDVHULHVRIFDPEHUDQJOHV 6LPSOLILHGVLWXDWLRQZKHUH ZKHHOORDGVUHPDLQXQFKDQJHG QRDLUGUDJ DQGW
Trang 2))
9
0
\
Trang 302725&<&/('<1$0,&6
1RQ/LQHDU$QDO\VLVRI6WHDG\6WDWH&RUQHULQJ
,QWKLVVHFWLRQWKHVRFDOOHGKDQGOLQJGLDJUDPZLOOEHHVWDEOLVKHGIRUWKHPRWRUF\FOH,QWKDWGLDJUDPWKHYDULDWLRQRIWKHJURXQG VWHHUDQJOHFDQEHIRXQGDVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHODWHUDODFFHOHUDWLRQIRUDJLYHQVSHHGRIWUDYHORUIRUDVHOHFWHGYDOXH RI SDWK FXUYDWXUH $V DQ DGGLWLRQDO LQIRUPDWLRQ WKH YDULDWLRQ RI WKHDVVRFLDWHG VWHHU WRUTXH ZLOO JLYHQ 7KH GLDJUDP LV VLPLODU WR WKH KDQGOLQJGLDJUDPVHVWDEOLVKHGIRUWKHPRWRUFDULQ&KDSWHU7KHUHODWLYHO\ODUJHUROODQJOHFDOOVIRUVSHFLDODWWHQWLRQWRDVVHVVWKHHTXLOLEULXPFRQGLWLRQIRUWKHIURQWDQGIRUWKHUHDUW\UH
$6LPSOH$SSUR[LPDWLRQ
7RLQWURGXFHWKHSUREOHPZHZLOODJDLQILUVWQHJOHFWDOOWKHW\UHPRPHQWVDQGWKHJ\URVFRSLFFRXSOHVDVZHOODVWKHDLUGUDJ:HWKHQKDYHWKHHTXLOLEULXPFRQGLWLRQVVWDWHGEHIRUH
N ' O
5 % &
)LJXUHVKRZVWKHQRUPDOLVHGVLGHIRUFHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH
Trang 4δ
30 40
handling curve
speed lines
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
equilibrium curve
)LJ 7\UHVLGHIRUFHGLDJUDPVDWDVHULHVRIFDPEHUDQJOHV 6LPSOLILHGVLWXDWLRQZKHUH
ZKHHOORDGVUHPDLQXQFKDQJHGQRDLUGUDJ DQGW\UHPRPHQWVDQGJ\URVFRSLF FRXSOHVDUHOHIWRXWRIFRQVLGHUDWLRQ(TXLOLEULXPFXUYHVKDYHEHHQVKRZQZKHUH WKHW\UHVLGHIRUFHDJUHHVZLWKWKHUROODQJOH
EDVHOLQHFRQILJXUDWLRQWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHHTXLOLEULXPFXUYHVZKHUHWKHFDPEHUDQJOHHTXDOVWKHUROODQJOHEHORQJLQJWRWKHVLGHIRUFH,Q)LJWKHUHVXOWLQJKDQGOLQJ FXUYH ZLWK VSHHG OLQHV IRUPLQJ WKH KDQGOLQJ GLDJUDP KDV EHHQSUHVHQWHG7KHVSHHGOLQHVLQGLFDWHWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQODWHUDODFFHOHUDWLRQ
Trang 5,QWKHILJXUHWKHHTXLOLEULXPFXUYHVRI)LJKDYHEHHQUHSURGXFHG%\KRUL]RQWDO VXEWUDFWLRQ RI WKHVH FXUYHV WKH KDQGOLQJ FXUYH LV REWDLQHG 7KHKRUL]RQWDOGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQVHOHFWHGVSHHGOLQHDQGWKHKDQGOLQJFXUYHHTXDOVWKHJURXQGVWHHUDQJOH7KHVORSHRIWKHKDQGOLQJFXUYHZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHYHUWLFDOD[LVDW]HURODWHUDODFFHOHUDWLRQFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHXQGHUVWHHUFRHIILFLHQWLQWKHOLQHDUWKHRU\ M rMD\ J DWFRQVWDQWO5%\XVLQJ(T ZLWKWZLVWDQJOHQHJOHFWHGDQGVWHHUDQJOHDVVXPHGVPDOOZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHUROODQJOHZHILQGWKHDFWXDOVWHHUDQJOH
7RVHWXSWKHHTXDWLRQVIRUWKHVWHDG\VWDWHFRUQHULQJVLWXDWLRQZHQHHGWRFRQVLGHUWKHFRQGLWLRQVIRUHTXLOLEULXPLQWKHGLUHFWLRQVRIWKH[\DQG]D[HVDQGDERXWWKHVHWKUHHD[HVDQGIRUWKHVWHHUWRUTXHDERXWWKHVWHHULQJD[LV:HZLOOGRWKLVIRUWKHJHQHUDOFDVHZLWKDLUGUDJLQWURGXFHGDQGZLWKEUDNLQJRUGULYLQJIRUFHVDFWLQJRQWKHIURQWDQGUHDUZKHHOVDQGSRVVLEO\ZLWKDJLYHQVLGHZD\VVKLIWRIWKHFHQWUHRIJUDYLW\7KHWZLVWDQJOH LVQHJOHFWHGDQGWKHOHDQDQJOHnULVGLVUHJDUGHGVLQFHDWVWHDG\VWDWHWXUQLQJLWVHIIHFWLVVLPLODUWRWKDWRIWKHFJODWHUDORIIVHW7KHVWHHUDQJOH LVFRQVLGHUHGVPDOOZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHUROODQJOH
$OVRWKHZKHHOVOLSDQJOHVDUHDVVXPHGWREHUHODWLYHO\VPDOOVPDOOHUWKDQFD
GHJUHHV
(TXLOLEULXP&RQGLWLRQVIRUWKH&RPSOH[&RQILJXUDWLRQ
7KHFRQGLWLRQRIHTXLOLEULXPLQORQJLWXGLQDOGLUHFWLRQFDQEHPHWE\PDNLQJWKHGULYLQJIRUFHHTXDOWRWKHDLUGUDJIRUFH7KLVPHDQVWKDW)[DFF RU)[ )G :KHQ D GLIIHUHQW GULYLQJ IRUFH RU ZKHQ EUDNLQJ IRUFHV DUH DSSOLHGHTXLOLEULXPFDQRQO\EHDVVXUHGD[ ZKHQWKHYHKLFOHUXQVRQDQXSZDUGRUGRZQZDUGVORSH,IWKLVLVQRWWKHFDVHZHPD\VSHDNRIDTXDVLHTXLOLEULXPVLWXDWLRQLQWKHORQJLWXGLQDOGLUHFWLRQ:HKDYHWKHHTXDWLRQZKHUHWKHVPDOOORQJLWXGLQDOFRPSRQHQWRIWKHVLGHIRUFH)\ rKDVEHHQQHJOHFWHG
Trang 6:LWK0\DLQWURGXFHGIRUDEEUHYLDWLRQ
EHFRPHGRPLQDQW
6 %UDNLQJFDXVHVWKHJURXQGVWHHUDQJOHWREHFRPHODUJHUZKLOHWKHVWHHUWRUTXHFKDQJHV WRZDUGV WKH QHJDWLYH GLUHFWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ DW KLJKHU ODWHUDODFFHOHUDWLRQV)LJQRWHWKHFKDQJHLQVFDOHIRUWKHVWHHUWRUTXH
6 +DUGEUDNLQJ)LJ WHQGVWRFKDQJHWKHVORSHRIWKHKDQGOLQJFXUYHLQWRXQGHUVWHHU DW ODUJH ODWHUDO DFFHOHUDWLRQV $OVR WKH PD[LPXP ODWHUDODFFHOHUDWLRQWKDWFDQEHUHDFKHGLVUHGXFHG/DUJHUVWHHUDQJOHVDULVHLQWKHKLJKHUD\UDQJHRIRSHUDWLRQ$OVRWKHVWHHUWRUTXHLQFUHDVHVFRQVLGHUDEO\LQPDJQLWXGH
Trang 10PPU\PU PK )]ROUHVSHFWLYHO\ $WDFHUWDLQOHYHORIWKHODWHUDODFFHOHUDWLRQWKHVWHHUWRUTXHUHDFKHVDPLQLPXP
Trang 12bounce
rear wobble
pitch bounce weave
Trang 1302725&<&/('<1$0,&6
DORQJDFLUFXODUSDWKDWDQDYHUDJHUROODQJOHRIRQHUDGLDQIURP.RHQHQ¶VZRUN 7KH ERXQFH SLWFK DQG KRS PRGHV DSSHDU WR EHFRPH DOPRVW VSHHGLQGHSHQGHQWDWYDQLVKLQJUROODQJOH,QDFXUYHDOOWKHPRGHVGRGHSHQGRQWKHVSHHGRIWUDYHO,QWKHVKDUSKLJKODWHUDODFFHOHUDWLRQFXUYLQJPRWLRQFRQVLGHUHGWKHFRUQHULQJZHDYHURRWORFLDSSHDUWREHVKLIWHGFRPSOHWHO\WRWKHULJKWKDQGVLGHRIWKHLPDJLQDU\D[LV7KHZREEOHPRGHLVGHVWDELOLVHGDVZHOO7KHKLJKHUIUHTXHQF\WZLVWPRGHIOH[LEOHIUDPHWRUVLRQPRGH NHHSVDQLQGLYLGXDOFRXUVH
0RWRUF\FOH0DJLF)RUPXOD7\UH0RGHO
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
2QHRIWKHQRWDEOHDOWHUDWLRQVLVLQWURGXFHGLQWKHIRUPXODIRUWKHODWHUDOIRUFH(T( +HUHWKHVOLSDQJOHDQGWKHFDPEHUDQJOHKDYHEHHQWUHDWHGLQDPRUHHTXDOO\YDOXHGDQGLQGHSHQGHQWPDQQHUWKDQLQWKHRULJLQDOHTXDWLRQ( $YHUWLFDOVKLIWGLGQRWDSSHDUWREHQHFHVVDU\DQ\PRUH7KHVXPRIWKHWZRVKDSHIDFWRUV&\DQG& LVQRWDOORZHGWRH[FHHGWKHYDOXHWRSUHYHQWWKHVLGHIRUFHIURPEHFRPLQJQHJDWLYHDWODUJHVOLSDQGFDPEHUDQJOHV)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHIRUPXODJHQHUDWLQJWKH)\YV FKDUDFWHULVWLFIRUDJLYHQYDOXHRI ,WLVVHHQWKDWZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHVLWXDWLRQRI)LJWKHEDVLFVLQHFXUYHLVVKLIWHGVLGHZD\VDVDUHVXOWRIWKHSUHVHQFHRIDFDPEHUDQJOH
$QRWKHUIHDWXUHWKDWGLIIHUVIURPWKHRULJLQDOPRGHOFRQFHUQVWKHFUHDWLRQRIWKHDOLJQLQJWRUTXH7KHSDUW0¶LVQRZREWDLQHGE\PXOWLSO\LQJWKHSQHXPDWLF]WUDLOZLWKWKHVLGHIRUFHWKDWLVDWWULEXWHGWRWKHVLGHVOLSDQGQRWWRWKHFDPEHUDQJOHLQGLUHFWO\WKURXJKFDPEHULQGXFHGVLGHVOLS 7KLVPD\HVSHFLDOO\DWODUJHFDPEHUDQJOHVEHFORVHUWRWKHDFWXDOPHFKDQLVP7KLVSDUWRIWKHVLGHIRUFHGHQRWHGZLWK)\ LVREWDLQHGIURPWKHVDPH(TV( E\VHWWLQJ ([DPSOHV RI FRPSXWHG FKDUDFWHULVWLFV FRPSDUHG ZLWK H[SHULPHQWDOO\DVVHVVHGFXUYHVIRUERWKSXUHVOLSDWYDULRXVFDPEHUDQJOHVDQGFRPELQHGVOLSFRQGLWLRQVDUHSUHVHQWHGLQ6HFWLRQ)LJV
Trang 14γγ
Trang 15
)\R' '\VLQ>&\DUFWDQ^%\ \&(\%\ \& DUFWDQ%\ \ ...
Trang 15< /span>
)\R'' ''\VLQ>&\DUFWDQ^%\... 4
δ
30 40
handling curve
speed lines
-1 -0.5 0.5 1.5
equilibrium