DEFORM-3D Keyword Documentation Part 13 doc

TTTD TTTD Mat1, Mat2,Type, ThmDirCond Type =1 diffusion data TTT table form Function of time, atom content, and mean stress NONE =2 martensitic data TMS, TM50 table form Function of

TRGVOL

TRGVOL obj active volume

ITYPE Function type

=0 transformation plasticity not considered

Npt1,Npt2 Number of data pairs if k is a function

DEFINITION

TRNSFP defines the transformation plasticity model for a transformation relationship It is defined

between material groups (phases) and it is associated with the object when the material is defined for the object

Transformation Applicable Object Types: Elasto-Plastic and Plastic

TTTD

TTTD Mat1, Mat2,Type, ThmDirCond

Type =1 diffusion data (TTT table form)

Function of time, atom content, and mean stress NONE

=2 martensitic data (TMS, TM50 table form) Function of atom content and mean stress NONE

=3 diffusion data (function form) NONE

=4 diffusion data (function form, f(T) is as point data)

=5 martensitic data (function form)

=6 simplified form for diffusion type

=7 diffusion data for recrystallization

=8 melting and solidification -n- user routine n

ThmDirCond Thermal direction condition

1 - diffusion data (TTT table form) function (t, c, s)

TTT temperature-transformation) diagram, TTA temperature-austenitizing), PTT (precipitation-time-temperature) and so

(time-on are specified as a table form The other diffusi(time-on type transformations including recrystallization are applied as this data TTT

is used for ferrite, pearlite, bainite and tempering transformations, and TTA and PTT are named for only Austenite transformation and Precipitation, respectively

The transformation start and end curves are inputted by the time in the logarithmic value at some temperature, carbon content and stress levels

In case of recrystallization and precipitation the curves depend on grain size and plastic strain, not carbon content and stress

2 - martensitic data (TMS, TM50 table form) function (c, s)

The transformation start and 50% level temperature are inputted as a table format by depending on carbon content and stress levels

3 - diffusion data (function form)

Volume fraction is represented by the Avrami equation as follows:

where, , and are the function of temperature , stress and carbon content , respectively The power depends on the kinds of the transformations.can be expressed the following

simplified formula

here the coefficients from to are determined by using 50% transformed line of TTT diagram and describe the stress and carbon content dependency of transformation, respectively as follows:

The coefficients is specified according to the stress dependency of TTT curves, and are determined by carbon content

dependency

4 - diffusion data (function form, f(T) is as point data)

f(T) in the above type is specified as data points of temperature

5 - martensitic data (function form)

The volume fraction of diffusionless-type (martensite) transformation depended on temperature, stress and carbon content is introduced by modifying the Magee's equation as follows:

Here, is the second invariant of deviatoric stress When the

martensite transformation start temperatures under carburized

conditions and applied stress are given, , and

can be determined, and and are identified, if temperatures for martensite-start and for 50% martensite at and

are provided respectively

6 – simplified form for diffusion type

The volume fraction can be evaluated by the following equation as the first approximation for diffusion type:

Here, and are transformation start and end temperatures, respectively and are coefficients set by dilatation- temperature diagrams

7- diffusion data for recrystallization

The volume fraction of recrystallization is usually defined by the equation including the time for 50% recrystallization as follows:

where, b is material constant and n is the exponent whose value depends upon the underlying mechanisms, and t0.5 is the time for 50% recrystallization;

where a, m, and n are material constant Q; active energy, R; gas constant and T; absolute temperature  is a prior plastic strain obtained

after an operation of forming and d0 is an initial grain diameter specified as object data

8- melting and solidification

The volume fraction of solid is specified as a point data of temperatures

For Type 1:

Kdpnd, nocurves

Kdpnd- Kind of dependency Nocurves- Number of curves (max 2)

=0 depends on carbon content and stress

=1 depends on plastic strain and grain size

For Type 7:

B, n1, a, m, n2, Q, R; coefficients

For Type 8:

Number of temperature T1, V(T1), T2, V(T2), …

Applicable Simulation Modules: Microstructure

Applicable Simulation Modes: Transformation

Applicable Object Types: ALL except rigid

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object number None

Nelm Number of user element variables None

Name(i) Name of the ith user element variable None

UNIT

UnitType Unit system for DEFORM default values 1

= 1 SI units

= 2 British units DEFINITION

UNIT specifies the unit system for DEFORM default values

REMARKS

Any system of units can be used in DEFORM as long as all unit specific variables are consistent The

SI and British unit conventions used for all unit specific DEFORM variables are listed below

Applicable simulation types: Isothermal Deformation

Mechanical Energy N-mm klbf-in 1.13 x 105

Conductivity N/sec/C Btu/sec/in/F 7.4764 x 104

Heat Capacity N/mm2/C Btu/in3/F 1.1589 x 102

Radiation Coefficient N/sec/mm/K4 Btu/sec/in2/F 1.3182 x 104

Convection Coefficient N/sec/mm/C Btu/sec/in2/F 2.943 x 103

Interface Heat Transfer

Coefficient

N/sec/mm/C Btu/sec/in2/F 2.943 x 103

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object number None

Nnodes Number of user defined nodes variables None

Name(i) Name of the ith user node variable None

UNTE2H

UNTE2H Cfactor

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Cfactor Factor for converting mechanical energy to 1.0 SI unit

heat energy 0.107 (Btu/Klb/in)

DEFINITION

UNTE2H specifies the factor for converting mechanical work to heat

REMARKS

Mechanical energy is converted to heat energy using:

Eheat = Emechanical * Cfactor

Applicable simulation types: Non-Isothermal Deformation

RELATED TOPICS

Keywords: FRAE2H

URZ

URZ Object, Ndata, DefXVel, DefYVel

Node(1), XSpeed(1), YSpeed(1), YSpeed(1)

: : : : :

Node(Ndata), XSpeed(Ndata), YSpeed(Ndata), ZSpeed(Ndata)

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object Number None

Ndata Number of node/speed data pairs None

DefXSpeed Default nodal speed in X of all nodes not listed 0

in the node/speed pairs

DefYSpeed Default nodal speed in Y of all nodes not listed 0

in the node/speed pairs

DefZSpeed Default nodal speed in Z of all nodes not listed 0

in the node/speed pairs

Node(i) Node number of ith data pair None

XSpeed(i) Nodal speed in X of ith data pair 0.0

YSpeed(i) Nodal speed in Y of ith data pair 0.0

ZSpeed(i) Nodal speed in Z of ith data pair 0.0

DEFINITION

URZ specifies the nodal speed of each node

REMARKS

The nodal speed is defined in the local coordinate system specified in BCCANG Typically, the speed constraint is used for limiting translational degrees of freedom along an axis of symmetry This is achieved by specifying a speed of 0.0 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of symmetry

Most process related object motion, such as die speed, can be specified with movement control constraints (MVTCTL) However, speed constraints are

occasionally used for operations which require an object to be pulled through a set

of dies, as can be the case with drawing and extrusion processes

Applicable object types: Elastic, Plastic, Elastoplastic, Porous

RELATED TOPICS

Deformation boundary Constraint

Keywords: BCCANG, BCCDEF, MOVCTL

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

NumLines Number of lines None

Line(i) Character string with up to 80 characters None

DEFINITION

USRDEF provides storage space for user data Typically the storage area is used

to provide data for a user defined subroutine or to store comments

REMARKS

Up to ten lines of data can be stored in the storage region Each line of data is stored as an element in the character array IUSRVL The IUSRVL array is defined

in the common block IUSR

The data can be accessed from a user subroutine with read or write statements addressing the IUSRVL array

For example, if the first two lines of USRDEF were specified as

3, 0.1, 1.0E10 Variables for flow stress definition (N, A, B) 10.0, 3.14159 Variables for movement control (X, Y) These USRDEF values could be accessed from a user subroutine using the

following FORTRAN code:

CHARACTER*80 IUSRVL COMMON /IUSR/ ISURVL (10) READ(IUSRVL(1),*) N, A, B READ(IUSRVL(2),*) X, Y Applicable simulation types: Isothermal Deformation Heat Transfer

Non-Isothermal Deformation

USRELM

USRELM Object, Nelm, Default, Nvar

: : :

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object Number None

Nelm Number of elements None

Default Default value 0

Nvar Number of user element variables None

Element(i) Element number for ith data set None

ElmData(i, j) jth user data value for ith element None

To take advantage of these extra state variables, a subroutine in the

$DEFORM_DIR directory must be edited The subroutine is located in the file DEF_USR.FOR and is called USRUPD This subroutine is well commented For more details about the subroutine, read the detailed comments Once the

subroutine has been altered, it must be compiled and linked If you have difficulties with this subroutine or any other aspects of implementation, please refer to the DEFORM User’ s Manual section on user routines

RELATED TOPICS

Keywords: USRNOD, UENAME, UNNAME

USRNOD

USRNOD Object, Nnode, Default, Nvar

: : :

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object Number None

Nnode Number of nodes None

Nvar Number of user node variables None

Default Default value 0

Num Data index None

NodeData Data value for ith user node None

DEFINITION

USRNOD provides storage space for information that can be calculated for

specific purposes The storage area is used to provide extra state variables for nodes, which the user can track These variables are tracked through out the simulation and are kept through remeshing

REMARKS

To take advantage of these extra state variables, a subroutine in the

$DEFORM_DIR directory must be edited The subroutine is located in the file DEF_USR.FOR and is called USRUPD This subroutine is well commented For more details about the subroutine, read the detailed comments Once the

subroutine has been altered, it must be compiled and linked If you have

difficulties with this subroutine or any other aspects of implementation, please refer to the DEFORM User’ s Manual section on user routines

RELATED TOPICS

Keywords: USRELM, UNNAME, UENAME

USRSUB

USRSUB Object, Subroutine

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object Number None

Subroutine Subroutine Number None

DEFINITION

USRSUB allows the user to store the flag value for user routines in the keyword file This flag value is taken as an argument to the user routine as the variable NPTRTN Based on this variable, the user routine will branch accordingly to various subroutines

REMARKS

The user routine FORTRAN file is called DEF_USR.FOR and is located in the DEFORM directory

RELATED TOPICS

UTSDAT

UTSDAT Matr, Type, value or Npt

Temp(1) UTSDAT(1)

Temp(Ndata) UTSDAT(Ndata)

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Matr Material Number NONE

SYSTEM UNITS: (MPa or Ksi)

It should be noted that the keyword can only be used in the fracture method max(eff stress/UTS), which is object specific

Applicable Simulation Module: Deformation

Applicable Simulation Modes: Deformation

Applicable Object Types: Plastic and Elasto-Plastic

VMIN

VMIN MinVel

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

MinVel Minimum primary object velocity 0.0

DEFINITION

VMIN terminates a simulation when the velocity of the primary object reaches MinVel

REMARKS

VMIN is one of several parameters used to control the termination of the

simulation Other keywords which effect simulation termination include: EMAX, LMAX, NSTEP, SMAX, TMAX When the criteria specified in any of these

keywords has been met, the simulation will terminate

Generally, VMIN is used when the movement control of the primary object is stroke or load specified

If MinVel = 0, VMIN will not be used as a termination condition

Applicable simulation types: Isothermal Deformation

Non-Isothermal Deformation

RELATED TOPICS

Stopping parameters, Movement control, Primary object

Keywords: EMAX, LMAX, NSTEP, SMAX, TMAX

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object Number None

Type Induction heating volume charge type None

= 0 Constant current density

= 1 Current density = f(time)

= 10 Constant input power

= 11 Input power = f(time)

= 20 Constant voltage drop

= 21 Voltage drop = f(time)

Value value if constant

NData Number of data if f(time)

DEFINITION

VOLCRG specifies the induction heating volume charge of an object

REMARKS

VOLFC

VOLFC Iobj, Numel, Nphase

1, f1, f2, f3, fnphase

Numel, f1n, f2n, f3n…fnphase

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Iobj Object number NONE

Numel Number of element NONE

Nphase Number of material NONE

DEFINITION

VOLFC specifies initial volume fraction of a phase (material) in an element at the beginning of a simulation In addition, throughout the simulation, VOLFC stores the volume fraction of all phases in each element per step

The volume fraction is determined from the keyword TTTD, which specifies the model or data used in calculating the volume fraction of each phase It is important that the user specifies the necessary input for the keyword TTTD or else the volume fraction (VOLF) will not be calculated for the object The user must input the type of diffusion model and

at least two Time-Temperature curves, the beginning of the transformation and the end

of the transformation

Applicable Simulation Modules: Microstructure

Applicable Simulation Modes: Transformation

Applicable Object Types: ALL except rigid