Nguyen Van Thiet - Dendrochronology Project – Nong Lam university HCMC CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1: diễn tả một sự thật có thể xảy ra Form If - Clause Main-clause Thì hiện tại đơn thì t
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A Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1 I shall do the job to the best my ……
a capacity b ability c knowledge d talent
2 The different between the cost and the selling prices is usually the ……
a advantage b increase c winnings d profit
3 The women said, “this carpet was made …… , so its expensive
a by hand b by the hand c by hands d by our hands
4 The visit of the president will increase the ……… between the two countries\
a understanding b peace c quiet d knowledge
5 You are going to come to the party, .…… ?
a aren’t you b do you c will you d won’t you
6 The film…… several scenes that might upset young children
a admits b involves c contains d displays
7 The car burst into………….but the driver managed to escape
a fire b burning c heat d flames
8 Her parents were very………… because she was out so late last night
a responsible b sorry c worried d overcome
9 The noise of the traffic prevented me from …….to sleep
a falling b starting c beginning d going
10 I’m sure they were… lies!
a telling b speaking c talking d saying
11 According to the recent survey, most people are on good………with their neighbors
a relations b relationship c acquaintance d terms
12 In some part of the world, the indigenous population has been completely………
a wiped up b wiped out c wiped away d wiped off
13 If I (have)……… wings, I (have to, not)……… take an airplane to fly home
14 Its has been a long drought It has not rained for over a month If it (rain, not)………
soon, a lot of crops (die)…….if the crops (die)………….,many people (go)….hungry this
coming winter
15 I (bring, not)……… ……… William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get
along with each other
16 I wish you (invite, not) ……… the neighbors over for dinner when you talked to them
this afternoon I don’t feel like cooking a big dinner
17 The music was great I’ve listened to it many time
………
18 I saw a women Her beauty took my breath away
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………
19.My professor is teaching biology He is living in USA
………
B Reading: NOBEL’S AWARD
After inventing dynamite, Swedish – born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man However, he
foresaw its universally destructive powers too late Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the
inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just to weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for
awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind Originally there
were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace Economic was added in 1968,
just sixty seven years after the first award ceremony Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars
was invested and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from 30.000 dollars to
125.000 dollars Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the award are
presented to the winners Sometime, politics plays an important role in the judges’ decisions
Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes No awards were
presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of the World War II Some people have won two
prizes but this is rare, other has shared their prizes
20 When did the first award ceremony take lace?
a.1985 b.1901 c.1962 d.1968
21 why was the Nobel prizes established?
a To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity
b To resolve political differences
c To honors the inventor of dynamite
d To spend money
22 In which field have American received the most award?
a literature b peace c economics d science
23 In how many fields are prizes given after 1968?
a 2 b 5 c.6 d.10
24 Which of the following statements is not true ?
a Awards vary in monetary value
b Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention
c Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners
d A few individuals have won two awards
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE 1: diễn tả một sự thật có thể xảy ra
Form
If - Clause Main-clause
Thì hiện tại đơn thì tương lai đơn
I/we/you/they + V will/shall + V
He/she/it + V-es or V-s
-es: -sh, ch, se, ge,ss,x,y
Ex: If Tom saves the money, he will buy a new car
If I have a car, I will travel a lot
TYPE 2: diễn tả một điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại
Form:
If clause Main clause
Be were Would/Should/Might + V (bare infinitive)
V Simple past
Ex: 1/ If I were USA, I could go to Arizona University
2/ If Hoai had a laptop, she would not need a computer
TYPE 3: diễn tả một điều kiện không có thực ở quá khứ
Form:
If clause Main clause
Had + PP (past participle) would (not) have + PP
Ex: If I had had 25 marks at university exam, I would not have studied in Ho Chi Minh city
(tháng trước Minh bị bệnh, nhưng Tùng không biết Minh bị bệnh nên không đến thăm, một tháng
sau Tùng gặp Minh mới biết; Tùng nói:
If I had known that you were ill, I would have gone to see you.)
* If… not và unless (trừ khi)
Chúng ta có thể dùng unless thay cho if….not nhưng unless mang nghĩa mạnh hơn
Ex: 1/ If you do not come on time, you will miss the train
= Unless you come on time, you will miss the train
2/ Tung can’t hear unless you shout
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PRATICE WITH CONDITIONAL SENTENCES and UNLESS
A Completed the sentences with the correct words on blanket
1 If I was offered the job, I think I ……… (take) it Would take
2 I’m sure Tom will lend you some money, I would be very surprised if he was
refused……… (refuse)
3 Many people would be out of work if that factory …were closed……….(close) down
4 If I knew………… (know) her number, I would call her
5 This soup would taste better if it ………had……… (have) more salt in it
6 If you …didn’t go….(not/go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so tired all the time
7 tom go to the station in time, if he had missed……… (miss) the train, he would have
been late for his interview
8 I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I…had had………… (have) your address
9 we would happily buy that house if it……weren’t………(not/be) so small
10 if my alarm clock …ring………….(ring) on time, we……will have……… (have)time
to have breakfast at home
11 my brother failed the exam because he did not study hard during the course (If)
if my brother had studied hard during the course He would have passed the exam
12 lucy did not lock the door when she went out to buy a newspaper While she was away, someone
stole her mobilephone (if)
…if lucy had clocked the door…… someone would not have stolen her mobilephone
13 I have a terrible stomachache because I ate a lot of spinach last night (if)
………
14 she was sentenced six months driving ban because she was drunk while driving (if)
………
15 he did not see the “STOP” sign because he was drove so fast (if)
………
…
16 I did not wake John because I did not know he wanted to get up early
………
17 they are expecting us They would be disappointed if we……… (not/come)
18 if she sold her car, she ……… (not/get) much money for it
19 If I (have)………my camera with me yesterday, I (take)……… a picture
of Ronado standing next my car
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20 if the teacher (be)………… absent tomorrow, class will be cancelled
21 that sounds like a good job If I……… (be) you, I……… (accept) it
21 I got wet because I did not take my umbrella However, I (get,not)………wet if I
(remember)……… to take my umbrella with me yesterday
22 You could make better progress if you……… (attend) class regularly
23 if I………(see) the movie, I ……….(tell) you about it last night
24 if she……….(study) harder, she would probably get a better score
25 If I ……… (find) the book, I shall give it to you
26 what you……….(do) if you found a burglar in your home
27 I ……….(accept) if they invite me to the party
28 if I tell you a secret, you ……….(promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
29 If you……… (save) your money, you will be able to go in a vacation
30 If you ……… (be) a millionaire, how would you spend your time
B USE “UNLESS” INSTEAD OF “IF”
Note: khi sử dụng UNLESS (trừ khi, nếu… không ) thay cho IF, thì mệnh đề IF không được
đổi sang thể phủ định mà phải đổi mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại
Ex: If I have time, I will help you
Unless I have time, I won’t help you
IF-CLAUSE UNLESS
Thể phủ định khẳng định mệnh đề chính không đổi
Thể khẳng định phủ định đổi động từ trong mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại
1 The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher
………
2 if you had not sneezed, he would not have known that we were here
………
3 If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game
………
4 if you do not like this one, I will bring you another
………
.\
5 if she doesn’t hungry, she will be late
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………
……
6 if we had more rain, our crops would be better
………
……
7 I’ll not be able to do any work if I do not have a quiet room
………
……
Reading
In 1723 there arrived in Philadelphia a penniless young man, eager for work and for knowledge As
the years passed, this man, Benjamin Franklin, contributed greatly to his city and to his country He
became a printer and a publisher and a learned man in many subjects He also helped to spread
learning by establishing a public library and buy founding the American philosophical society,
which is an important academy of great scholars to this day
Franklin initiated many improvement in the city of Philadelphia, making it one of the world’s first
cities to have paved and lighted streets as well as police force and fire-fighting company Ha also
made many practical inventions such as the Franklin stove, which was a very efficient heater, and
the lightning rod to protect buildings in electric storms His scientific work with electricity earned
Franklin world fame
1 when Franklin arrived in Philadelphia in 1723, he was……
a rich b well-off c neither rich nor poor d very poor
2 how did Franklin help to spread learning ?
a he was eager for work and knowledge
b he became a printer and publisher
c he contributed for his city and his country
d he established the public library and founded the American philosophical society
3 what made Franklin famous all over the world
a the franklin stove
b the lightning rod
c the fire-fighting company
d his scientific work with electricity
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A Listen to the conversation and fill up the words into the blankets
M1: …Ok, then, yes, goodbye, that……… Rosa She’s leaving the office now She will be a little
late, I’m afraid
M2: No problem So, you and Rosa……… NMP together?
M1: That right, Rosa and I set up the company…… years ago But we know each other since we
was university The company started as MVP - ……… We’ve been MNP for two
years We decided take expand into other multimedia: web design, media presentation, management
training and e-learning
M2: have you expanded the management as well or is it still you and Rosa?
M1: we……… two more manager since we became NMP, but Rosa and I are still very
active
M2: Do you and Rosa have separate role?
M1: Yes, although we always discuss everything together Rosa is a ………person, she get
these ideas She know how to market very well and understand what the customer want? Rosa
managed project from start to…………
M2: Uh
M1: My job is mainly………….the business I negotiate with the people who buy program For the
big project that cost a lot, I look for ……… partner who will share the costs and the profit
M2: I see, and what about the two new managers.
M1: Paul, a new financial manager, deals with the financial aspects of running the business We also
have a new Promotion Manager, Louise You are meeting her at this afternoon She handles all
marketing and ……… She is working on two big launches at the moment So currently
she is very busy
M2: Do you and Rosa travel much?
M1: Yes, we both do I’m usually travel………at least four or five time a month And Rosa is
rarely in her office for more than two days at a time At the moment, she is working on two major
project, so she traveling even……… And Louise is very busy with the launches here
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Grammar: TENSE
1 Thì hiện tại đơn: Simple Present
Diễn tả hành động đang hay trạng thái ở hiện tại, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên Dùng thì
hiện tại đơn khi nói về mức độ thường xuyên của các sự việc
Form:
Khẳng định: S + V_s/es + O
Phủ định: S + do not/does not + O
Nghi vấn: Do/ Does + S + O ?
I/we/you/they + S
He/she/it + S_es
Chúng ta them “es” sau những động từ tận cùng là: -SH, -CH, -SS, -SE, -GE, -CE, -S
Ex: I do to church every Sunday
I don’t go to church every Sunday
Do you go to church every Sunday
2 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
S + is/am/are (not) + V-ing
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại:
Ex: I am waiting for a bus
- Dùng để chỉ hành động tương lai đã được lên kế hoach
Ex: I am leaving tomorrow
- Chỉ tình huống tạm thời:
Ex: I am studying English
* Một số động từ không chia ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: want, like, love, need, belong, release
understand, mean, forget, remember, seem, hate, see, hear, suppose, prefer
3 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và tiếp tục đến hiện tại diễn tả hành động không biết rõ
về thời gian
S + have/has (not) + PP
- Thường dung với cacs từ trong câu như: since + điểm thời gian, ever, never, already, recently,
so far, just, for + khoảng thời gian,
Ex: she has just finished her study
I have lived here since 2005
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I have lived her for 5 years
- dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành với: This is the first time/ this is a second time
Ex: This is the first time I have came Brunei Darrusalam
4 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, tiếp tục đến hiện tại rồi chấm dứt hoặc vẫn tiếp tục
đến tương lai:
Ex: I have been living in Sai Gon
- Lý do xảy ra trong lúc nói
Ex: Your eyes are very red Have you been crying?
EXERCISES
Put the correct verb into the balance
1 the swimming bath…open……….(open) at 9:00 and …close………….(close0 at 18:30
everyday
2 what time does…the banks close ………(the banks/close) in Vietnam
3 Hurry! The bus is coming……… (come) I…don’t want………… (not/want) to miss
it
4 We usually grow…………(grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we…don’t
grow…………(not/grow) any
5 I have a car but I don’t use ………… (not/use) it very often
6 My father lives……… (live) in Vietnam at the moment
7 where your father comes……….(your father/come) from?
8 I do not understand the word “decide” What does “decide” mean (“decide”/mean)?
9 Tom’s hair was dirty Now its clean
She ………
10 Tom was 80 kilograms Now he is 70
He………
11 I…am playing……….(play) football tomorrow
12 We……are going………(go) to the theater this evening
13 What time does the next train leave……… (the next train/leave)?
14 How often……do……….you …go…… (go) to the cinema?
15 My uncle ……has lived………(live) USA for a long time
16 I ……have had…………(have) good mark in recently examination
17 I just………have painted……… (paint) this room
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18 I …haven’t seen………(not see) her since she…left……… (leave) school
19 The car…has been……… (be) ready for him by the time he comes…….(come)
tomorrow
20 Make sure the door …had locked……….(lock) before you go to bed
21 My name is Carter I work for travel company called Timeways Travel I’ve been a travel
agency for six years now I am…………(be) a manager of Timways travel London office I …
have had……… (have0 this job for three years I’ve got a new flat in London I …
have lived……….(live) here for six months My boyfriend name is Bruno We…have
known……… (know) each other for two years He works for BBB studio He …have
had………(have) this job for a years
22 Smoking …cause………(cause) lung cancer Lung cancer is the number cancer
among men Ninety percent of the people who get…………(get) lung cancer die ……… (die)
Smokers have six time as much cancer of the mouth, tongue, and throat as non smokers
Smoking give…………(give) people breathing problems Millions yearly deaths in the world
every years Through out the world, women…live……….(live) longer Because men…
smoke……….(smoke) more All of these factors from the research……show……… (show)that
smoking is bad So why…do…people…smoke?… (smoke) Young people start smoking
because everyone else…smoke……… (smoke) They feel grow up and independent
B SỰ PHỐI HỢP GIỮA CÁC THÌ:
Trong câu có 2 mệnh đề trở lên thì các động từ phải có sự phối hợp về thì.
1 Simple present: Hiện tại đơn
- Simple present: hiện tại đơn
- Present perfect: hiện tại hoàn thành hiện tại
- Present continuous: hiện tại tiếp diễn
- Simple future: tương lai đơn
- Simple past (nếu có time xác định)
2 Simple past: quá khứ đơn
- Simple past: quá khứ đơn
- Past perfect: quá khứ hoàn thành quá khứ
- Past continuous: quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Would/was/were + going to + bare –inf
3 Present perfect:hiện tại hoàn
thành
Simple present: hiện tại đơn
4 Past perfect: quá khứ hoàn thành Simple past :quá khứ đơn
Ex: she says she has finished her homework already