Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers phần 1 doc

141 Basic Camera Raw image editing .... 284 Adjustment layers and Adjustments panel.... 284 Adding an adjustment layer procedure .... 285 Adjustment panel controls ..... 290 Curves adjus

A professional image editor’s guide to the creative use of Photoshop for the Macintosh and PC

Martin Evening

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Evening Martin

Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers : learn photoshop the Martin Evening way!

1 Adobe Photoshop 2 Photography – Digital techniques I Title

Foreword xxi

Introduction xxiii

Book and DVD contents xxv

Photoshop for Photographers website xxv

Chapter 1: Photoshop Fundamentals 1 An overview of the book chapters 2

How to use this book 4

Photoshop installation 7

The Photoshop interface 8

Tabbed document windows 10

Managing document windows 12

Image document window details 14

Dynamic zoom views 14

Title bar proxy icons (Macintosh) 15

Rulers, Guides & Grid 16

‘Snap to’ behavior 17

Pixel Grid view 17

Application bar 18

The Photoshop panels 19

Panel arrangements and docking 20

Workspace settings 22

Customizing the menu options 23

Customizing the keyboard shortcuts 24

Working with a dual monitor setup 25

Photoshop CS4 Tools panel 26

Options bar 28

Tool Presets panel 29

Selection tools 30

Color Range 32

Modifi er keys 34

Painting tools 36

On-the-fl y brush changes 37

Brushes panel 39

Brushes panel options 40

Pressure sensitive control 41

Brush tool presets 41

Tools for fi lling 42

Tools for drawing 43

Image editing tools 44

Working with Layers 46

Automating Photoshop 47

Move tool 48

Layer selection using the move tool 48

Navigation and information tools 50

Flick panning 51

Bird’s-eye view 51

Rotate view tool 52

Notes tool 53

Screen view modes 54

Preset Manager 55

History 56

The History panel 56

History settings and memory usage 57

History brush 59

Use of history versus undo 59

Snapshots 60

Non-linear history 61

When fi les won’t open 62

Save often 63

Using Save As to save images 64

File formats 65

Photoshop native fi le format 65

PSB (Large Document Format) 66

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) 66

Flattened TIFFs 67

Photoshop PDF 68

PDF security 69

Adobe Bridge CS4 72

The Bridge interface 73

Custom workspaces in Bridge 74

Slideshows 74

Opening photos via Camera Raw 76

What’s new in Camera Raw 5.0 77

Easter eggs 78

Chapter 2: Confi guring Photoshop 79 What you will need 80

Macintosh 80

Windows 80

The ideal computer setup 81

Choosing a display 82

Wide dynamic range displays 83

Video cards 83

Display calibration and profi ling 84

Calibration hardware 86

The calibration/profi ling procedure 87

White point 87

Gamma 88

Luminance 88

Device calibration and measurement 89

The profi ling process 90

Do you want good color or just OK color? 90

Color management settings 92

Extras 93

Backing up image data 94

Photoshop preferences 95

General preferences 95

Interface 97

File Handling 99

File compatibility 99

Performance 102

GPU settings 103

RAM memory and scratch disks 104

Enhancing memory and performance 105

Scratch disks 105

Scratch disk performance 107

Interface connections 107

RAID setups 108

RAID 0 (striping) 108

RAID 1 (mirroring) 108

Internal RAID 109

External RAID 109

Image Cache 110

Cache pyramid structure 110

Cursors 111

Transparency & Gamut 112

Units & Rulers 113

Guides, Grid & Slices 114

Plug-ins 115

Type preferences 116

Camera Raw advantages 118

The new Camera Raw workfl ow 118

Does the order matter? 120

Raw capture 120

JPEG capture 121

Editing JPEGs and TIFFs in Camera Raw 121

Alternative Raw processors 122

A basic Camera Raw/Photoshop workfl ow 123

A Lightroom/Photoshop workfl ow 126

Camera Raw support 128

DNG compatibility 128

Getting raw images into Photoshop 129

Image ingestion 129

Importing images via Photo Downloader 130

Tethered shoot imports 135

Importing images via other programs 139

Lightroom imports 140

Importing photos via Lightroom 2 141

Basic Camera Raw image editing 144

Working with Bridge and Camera Raw 144

General controls for single fi le opening 146

Full size window view 148

General controls for multiple fi le opening 148

Opening raw fi les as Smart Objects 150

Saving photos from Camera Raw 154

The histogram display 155

Image browsing with Camera Raw 156

Camera Raw preferences 158

Auto corrections 159

Camera-specifi c default settings 159

Camera Raw cache size 161

DNG fi le handling 161

Basic panel controls 162

White balance 162

Using the white balance tool 163

The tone adjustment controls 164

Exposure 164

Recovery 164

Blacks 164

Fill Light 165

Suggested order for the basic adjustments 165

Basic image adjustment procedure 166

Preserving the highlight detail 168

When to clip the highlights 170

How to clip the shadows 171

Shadow levels after a conversion 172

Digital exposure 174

Brightness 176

Contrast 178

Clarity 179

Negative clarity 180

Vibrance and Saturation 182

Tone Curve panel 184

Correcting a high contrast image 186

HSL/Grayscale panel 188

Recovering out-of-gamut colors 189

Adjusting the hue and saturation 190

Lens Corrections panel 192

Defringe 193

Lens Vignetting control 194

Post Crop vignetting control 196

Camera Calibration panel 198

The ACR Calibrator script 199

New Camera Raw profi les 202

Spot removal tool 204

Synchronized spotting with Camera Raw 205

Red eye removal 206

Localized adjustments 207

Adjustment brush 207

Initial Adjustment brush options 208

Brush settings 208

Adding a new brush effect 209

Editing brush adjustments 210

Previewing the brush stroke areas 210

Auto masking 212

Hand-coloring in Color mode 214

Sharpness slider 216

Graduated fi lter tool 217

Angled gradients 220

Adding clarity and contrast 220

Camera Raw cropping and straightening 222

Camera Raw settings menu 223

Export settings to XMP 224

Update DNG previews 224

Load/Save Settings 224

Camera Raw defaults 225

Presets panel 225

Saving and applying presets 226

Copying and synchronizing settings 227

DNG fi le format 228

The DNG solution 229

DNG adoption 229

DNG Converter 230

Chapter 4: Sharpening and Noise Reduction 231 When to sharpen 232

Capture sharpening 232

Capture sharpening for scanned images 233

Sample sharpening image 234

Detail panel 235

The sharpening effect sliders 235

Amount slider 236

Radius slider 237

The suppression controls 238

Detail slider 238

Interpreting the grayscale previews 240

Radius and Detail grayscale preview 240

Masking slider 241

Masking slider example 242

Some real world sharpening examples 243

Sharpening a portrait 243

Sharpening a landscape 244

Sharpening a fi ne-detailed subject 245

How to save sharpening settings as presets 246

Capture sharpening roundup 247

Selective sharpening 248

Smart Sharpen fi lter 248

Basic Smart Sharpen mode 248

Advanced Smart Sharpen mode 250

Removing Motion Blur 251

Creating a depth of fi eld brush 252

Removing noise 255

Reducing fi lm grain noise 256

Noise removal in Camera Raw 257

Reduce Noise fi lter 258

Advanced mode noise reduction 259

JPEG noise removal 260

Saving the Reduce Noise settings 260

Chapter 5: Image Editing Essentials 261 Pixels versus vectors 262

Terminology 263

ppi: pixels per inch 263

lpi: lines per inch 263

dpi: dots per inch 264

Desktop printer resolution 264

Choosing the right pixel resolution for print 265

Image resolution 265

Repro considerations 266

The relationship between ppi and lpi 267

Creating a new document 269

Altering the image size 270

Image interpolation 271

Nearest Neighbor 271

Bilinear interpolation 271

Bicubic interpolation 271

Bicubic interpolation methods 272

Bicubic Smoother 272

Bicubic Sharper 272

Step interpolation 272

Basic pixel editing 274

The image histogram 274

Basic Levels editing and the histogram 277

Bit depth 278

8-bit versus 16-bit image editing 279

Comparing 8-bit with 16-bit editing 280

16-bit and color space selection 281

The RGB edit space and color gamut 282

Direct image adjustments 284

Adjustment layers and Adjustments panel 284

Adding an adjustment layer procedure 285

Adjustment panel controls 287

Levels adjustments 288

Using Levels to improve the contrast 290

Curves adjustment layers 292

On-image Curves editing 294

Direct Curves dialog 296

Saving and loading curves 296

Using Curves in place of Levels 298

Using Curves to improve contrast 300

Curves luminance and saturation 300

Luminosity and Color blending modes 302

Curve presets 304

Locking down portions of the curve 306

Creating a dual contrast curve 307

Brightness and Contrast 308

Correcting shadow and highlight detail 310

Amount 310

Tonal Width 310

Radius 311

Color Correction 313

Midtone Contrast 313

Color corrections 314

Basic color balancing with Levels 315

Auto image adjustments 316

Color correction with Levels or Curves 318

Precise color correction using Curves 320

Hue/Saturation 324

Colorize mode 324

Vibrance 327

Photo Filter 328

Multiple adjustment layers 329

Adjustment layer masks 330

Masks panel controls 330

Masks panel editing 332

Color Range adjustment layer masking 334

Blend mode adjustments 336

Cropping 338

Selection-based cropping 340

Perspective cropping 341

Image rotation 342

Canvas size 343

Content-Aware Scaling 344

How to protect skin tones 346

How to remove objects from a scene 347

Big data 348

Chapter 6: Black and White 349 Converting color to black and white 350

The dumb black and white conversions 350

Smarter black and white conversions 350

Black & White adjustment presets 353

Split color toning with Color Balance 354

Curves adjustment layer split toning 356

Camera Raw black and white conversions 358

Pros and cons of the Camera Raw approach 359

Camera Raw Split Toning panel 360

Camera Raw color image split toning 361

Black and white output 362

Chapter 7: Extending the Dynamic Range 363 Multiple raw conversions 364

Place-A-Matic script 367

High dynamic range imaging 368

HDR essentials 369

Fuji Super CCD 370

Alternative approaches 370

Bracketed exposures 371

Displaying deep-bit color 371

Capturing a complete scenic tonal range 372

HDR shooting tips 374

HDR File formats 375

Merge to HDR 376

Tone mapping HDR images 378

Local Adaptation 378

Local Adaptation tone mapping 380

Manual tone mapping 382

Chapter 8: Image Retouching 383 Basic cloning methods 384

Clone stamp tool 384

Clone stamp brush settings 384

Healing brush 386

Choosing an appropriate alignment mode 388

Clone Source panel and clone overlays 388

Upside down cloning 390

Better healing edges 392

Spot healing brush 394

Clone and healing sample options 395

Patch tool 396

Layer blending with Auto-Align layers 398

Alternative history brush spotting technique 400

Portrait retouching 402

Beauty retouching 404

Liquify 406

Liquify tool controls 408

Reconstructions 408

Mask options 409

View options 410

Saving the mesh 410

Straightening a fringe with Liquify 412

Warp Transforms 414

Chapter 9: Layers, Selections and Masking 415 Selections and channels 416

Selections 416

Quick Mask mode 418

Creating an image selection 419

Modifying selections 420

Alpha channels 420

Adding to an image selection 421

Selections, alpha channels and masks 423

Expanding and shrinking selections 424

Smoothing a selection 424

Anti-aliasing 426

Feathering 426

Layers 427

Layer basics 427

Image layers 427

Shape layers 428

Text layers 428

Adjustment layers 428

Layers panel controls 428

Masking layers 431

Adding a layer mask 431

Viewing in Mask or Rubylith mode 432

Removing a layer mask 432

Adding an empty image layer mask 432

Masks Panel 434

Refi ne Edge command 435

Working with the quick selection tool 436

Combining quick selection with Refi ne Edge 438

Color Range masking 440

Layer blending modes 444

Advanced Blending options 450

Knockout options 450

Blend Interior effects 450

Creating panoramas with Photomerge 452

Depth of fi eld blending 454

Working with multiple layers 456

Color coding layers 456

Layer group management 456

Managing layers in a group 458

Clipping masks 459

Creating a new clipping mask 459

Masking layers within a group 460

Clipping layers and adjustment layers 460

Layer linking 462

Layer selection with the move tool 463

Layer mask linking 464

Layer locking 465

Lock Transparent Pixels 465

Lock Image Pixels 465

Lock Layer Position 465

Lock All 465

Transform commands 466

Repeat Transforms 468

Numeric Transforms 469

Transforming selections and paths 469

Warp transforms 470

Transforms and alignment 472

Using transforms to create a kaleidoscope pattern 473

Smart Objects 476

Photoshop paths 480

Path modes 481

Drawing paths with the pen tool 481

Guidelines for drawing pen paths 481

Pen tool shortcuts summary 483

Rubber Band mode 483

Vector masks 484

Isolating an object from the background 485

Chapter 10: Essential Filters for Photo Editing 487 Filter essentials 488

Blur fi lters 488

Adding a Radial Blur or Spin Blur to a photo 488

Gaussian Blur 490

Average Blur 490

Motion Blur 490

Surface Blur 493

Box Blur 493

Shape Blur 493

Smart Filters 494

Applying Smart Filters to pixel layers 495

Lens Blur 498

Depth of fi eld effects 498

Applying Lens Blur to a composite image 500

Adding noise to disguise retouching 502

Adding noise to create a grain effect 503

Lens Corrections 504

Filter Gallery 506

Chapter 11: Image Management 507 The Bridge solution 508

Confi guring the General preferences 508

Launching Bridge 510

Rotating the thumbnails and preview 510

Arranging the Bridge contents 512

Customizing the panels and content area 514

Bridge workspace examples 516

Working with multiple windows 518

Slideshow mode 519

Thumbnail settings 520

Cache management 521

Advanced and miscellaneous preferences 523

One-click previews 524

Deleting contents 524

Stacking images 524

Auto-stacking 526

Bridge panels 528

Folders panel 528

Favorites panel 528

Preview panel 529

Review mode 530

Managing images in Bridge 531

Image rating and labeling 532

Sorting images in Bridge 534

Filter panel 535

Metadata panel 536

Image metadata 537

File Info metadata 537

Other types of metadata 540

Edit history log 541

Hidden metadata 541

Keywording 542

Keywords panel 543

Image searches 544

Collections panel 546

Smart Collections 547

Output to Web and PDF 548

Web output 548

Output gallery styles 550

Output gallery settings 550

Output preferences 554

PDF Output 555

The PDF Output panels 556

PDF Output options 557

Bridge automation 558

Renaming images 559

Renaming schemes 560

Undoing a Batch Rename 560

Applying Camera Raw settings 560

Chapter 12: Color Management 561 The need for color management 562

The way things were 562

RGB devices 564

The versatility of RGB 565

Output-centric color management 566