JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE 9 docx

The flower typifying spring in Japan is, undoubt- edly, sakura, the cherry blossom.. As spring approaches, people predict the day the cherry trees will blossom and agree with friends on

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Have you heard the term sakura zensen? The flower typifying spring in Japan is, undoubt- edly, sakura, the cherry blossom As spring approaches, people predict the day the cherry (trees) will blossom and agree with friends on a day to go blossom viewing

Japan is an island country extenàing in a long (line) from south to north Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu, Hokkaido-there's quite a difference in temperatures, so the day the cherries blos- som àiffers somewhat, too In the southern part of Kyushu the cherries bloom around the end

of March, but in Hokkaido they bloom around the beginning of May Thus, the cherry blossom

"front," a line starting in the south of the Japanese archipelago and (moving) north, shows the state of the cherry trees' blossoming This takes as long as forty days

In adàition to the cherry blossom front there are other flower fronts, such as the apricot blossom front and the azalea front Apricots start in Kyushu a whole lot earlier than the cherry trees, but they reach Hokkaido at almost the same time (as the cherries) Therefore, if (you) travel to Hokkaido in early or mid May, (you) can see (various) spring flowers at the same time On the other hand, when it gets to be auturnn the autumn leaves front makes its way from north to south, dyeing the trees in the mountains crirnson or yellow

With flower viewing in the spring, maple (leaf) excursions in the autumn and so on, people enjoy each season (in turn)

9 Vocabulary

cherry blossom front front

word typify, represent representation undoubtedly people approach predict prediction, estimate (cherry) blossom viewing well, incidentally extend, stretch, postpone island country

Shikoku (place name) Honshu (place name) quite

(air) temperature difference differ, be different

beginning, first thus, in this way way, manner about archipelago

be (in the process of ) blooming state, circumstance, appearance line

show, express

in addition to apricot, Japanese plum azalea

such as and so forth

a whole lot, al1 the tirnelway almost

be advancing maple leaf excursion maple

excursion, hunting season

enjoy

ing that information on their progress comes from the 3 L L i S L i , the Meteoro-

logica1 Agency Arnong its weather-related functions are predicting the harvest time of

fruits, but predictions and reports on the $ i and Z i L i are the most eagerly awaited

i L L 0 only blooms for a very short period, from five to ten days If it rains or is

windy, which is typical spring weather in Japan, the blossoms may al1 fa11 overnight

'i

More literally this means "No matter what anyone says "

The particle 'L here emphasizes the number of days the cherry blossom front takes as

it moves from the south to the north of Japan This use of 'L reflects the speaker's

feelings of "so many" or "so much."

5 11 V -* \ 7 T \ < o (llit.) "The flowers bloom progressively."

I i t d

Adding i < , which means "to go," to the 7 form of verbs indicates the continuous

progress of the action

7 * k

-i -i

The kanji h indicates the repetition of the syllable(s) coming immediately before it, sometimes with a phonetic change Nouns in Japanese are generally written and pro- nounced the same whether singular or plural (as noted in Characteristics of Japanese Grammar in Book I), but this is one way of specifying plurality Other examples: E h

- h

OEZ

APPENDICES

~p

A: Plain Forms and Connective Patterns

The plain adjective and verb forms given in the charts below are used in a nurnber of patterns Excep

tions, which occur only in the case of a Q adjective or a noun followed by f:, are shown in boxes

Verbs

Present aff

Nouns (Lesson 71, L 3 , la h i (Lesson 121, 9 t 'I (Lesson 18)

When these words are modified, the following exceptions occur:

After Q adj.: %d, L j i? / L < , etc

After noun: Z L" t 0 $/ L 3 , etc

li A

3 T L a i Pattern

7 L I i (Lesson 81, f: 6 i (Lesson 131, d' t L )2 ib \ (Lesson 13)

6' adjectives and nouns plus f i are exceptions The stem of Q adjectives and nouns comes directly

before these words

ib adj.: e d ' T L I i (after the stem)

noun: L" t T L a i

APPENDICES 23 1

n

Notes: The number in the parentheses refer to the pattern number

For other words and phrases, such as ?A' 1)' 6 , Q < 7 'L i \ i \, Z Y 1)'h b , which follow other forms, refer to their connective pattern in the grarnrnar sections of the respective lessons

B: Grammatica1 Patterns and Common Constructions

TIY

%N$

- 'L

-

8 C

Yl YY

3%

CD2r

- '.

Lesson l 7 68 Plain Style

Except for the two irregular verbs { ? and 6 , al1 verbs belong to either the Regular I or Regular I1

category and conjugate as in the foilowing tables The 7 l f z form comes from the & form, but

euphonic changes occur in the case of most Regular I verbs Note the last sound of the & stem is

underlined

d

1

aqL uo!lda2xa auo JaquIauIax

:aloN

7 1

Y'P

CPCf ( DL -

1%

Q

"4$!11\14 .L

\j

Q

L> I~

{ TI$

(DYE0

4

~

\14

\

~

~ Y z>

TI /:

L~

X

ir jr it

a

*l Yl

'?

\4 'Z

b (l :)

2 31 (~

uossay

ZI

uossay

( D

s ( D

t: 2 d'i t i bright, clever, 21

-> bJ 6 gather, collect, assemble, 159

i < -> how old (for a person), 58

i 'If If Q / Y l f Z flower arranging, 34

( - 7 l i ) \ \ I f ' s i ~ m u s t n o t 9 9

\ L" d more than, 86

i 4 <" /' ,% <" hurry, 3 3

i 7 ti < accept, receive (politer than 6 4 j 1,147

it's too late, 62

i / meaning, 214 ( Q ) horrible, nasty, unwelcome, 198

i + , , ) C j vi sit, ask (polite), 178

i l f 6 ,.'%i? 6 take (an examination), receive, undergo, have, 99

2 horse, 16

i 2 )2 6 / Y 2 )2 6 be born, 121

dh apricot, Japanese plurn, 226

i 6 back, reverse (side); 6 <' 6 ' 6 D back entrance, 178

i 's )2 / 3 ') 3 )2 sold out, 86

)2 L delighted, happy, 141

i 7 driving; 7 f 4 drive, 33

i Y" i exercise; i Y' i f 4 exercise, 171

2 Oh dear (excalamation of surprise), 141

2 \d'L h/%??$% spoken English, 121

2 2 Y let me see, 160

2 3 L \ L /',% E station employee, 15

2 Y" L \ / %F Edo period, 111

2 6 \ important, illustrious, eminent, 154

f - f' - OB (old boy), alumnus/i, 153

k; k; A ? -h\ last day of year, 191

k; -h\ 6 5 2 k; 5 2 (someone eise's) mother (polite), 121

k; -h\ 2 Q 5 \ welcome home, 105

k;-h,lf"'c 2 7"Thankyou,68

k; -h, L L strange, funny, 203

k; 's V < 5 client, guest, visitor, 91

k; 2 4 3 4 get up, wake up, 21; happen, occur, 146

k; < put, set up, 44

;h' { 5 2 (someone else's) wife (polite), 111

k; ? i L 3 funeral, l34

k; ? )2 i 2 f excuse me, be sorry (polite), 128

k; f: i \ L 1: / % h $ I : Take care of yourself, 63

k; % 4 drop, fall, 22; fail, 159

k; Y Y L year before last, 116

k; Y ?i ,/ h h adult, 93

k; Y" 5 < be surprised, 159

%?i I'/m L same, 141

k; l i +A' / k; z E (cherry) blossom viewing, 225

-h\\ L k / & E club/society member, 167

-h\ L -h\ U;'/ Eì day of bloorning, 227

-h'\ \ Z < Z " / Yb a 2 foreign language, 219

rr" 248 JAPANESE-ENGLISH GLOSSARY

d \ < % //&f& al1 over, various districts, 192

d, lf 6 call, 16; wear, put on (glasses), 79

d\ ZS cage, basket, 111

d x L Z 2 I) 2 L f: certainly, 128

d' L ?//d' L E confectioner, confectionary, 142

d.-6 lend, 80

- d' f: ,/?7 way, how to, 50

d\-kk a cold; d ' e 5 v < catch a cold, 56

? z A 5 .'' Brfl Z A 6 can hear, be audible, 153

? -ti 1 \ homecoming; ? -ti i i-6 6 return to one's home/birthplace, 86

? h \ (id.) dislike, unlike, 146

obligation, 141

? 6 cut, 79

? 5 /%6 wear, put on, 44

? L = strong box, safe, vault, 197