KL-620 Microcomputer Sensing Control System potx

Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in next slide.. Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in next slide.. Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in n

KL-620 Microcomputer Sensing Control System

Training Course

Unit 7 : KL-64007

F/V Converter

Unit 11 : KL-64011

CDS Photovoltaic

Unit 5 : KL-64005

Main UnitUnit 0 : KL-62001

In this Unit, the operation of each block on Main Unit will be introduced

After study complete, users are able to use KL-62001 as measurement

and assist tool for KL-620 experiments

5 D/A Converter Test

6 Alarm Amplifier Test

1 Turn off the power Connect the wires as shown in next slide.

2 Turn on the power  If the speaker beep 4 times and the Status

Display shows “1”, it means that the Single Chip and EPROM work

Control3  GND

Control2  GND

DCV Measurement (Manual)

Objective:

To understand how to use Potentiometer.

To use DC Voltage Meter to measure DC Voltage manually.

1 Turn off the power

2 Connect the wires as shown in next slide.

3 Turn on the power

4 Press Range button twice  Select the measuring range of DCV ( -20V

~ +20V)

5 Rotate the Potentiometer  The output voltage at VR2 will display at Status Display section (-12V ~ +12V)

Discussion:

When connects MANUAL to the GND,

Status Display Section acts as DC

Voltage Meter

+Input  VR2

-12V  VR1

Manual  GND +12V  VR3

Connect to GND

Back

1 Turn off the power

2 Connect the wires as shown in next slide

3 Turn on the power

4 Press Range button twice  Select the measuring range of DCV ( -20V

~ +20V)

5 Rotate the Potentiometer  The output voltage at VR2 will display at Status Display section (0V ~ +5V)

Discussion:

1 When connecting CHIP to the GND,

the analog signal received from A/D

Converter will send to single chip for

decoding and output to 7 segment

display.

2 When sending the analog signal to

the PC, the signal should be

converted to digital format As the

result, this technique will be used

when connecting the main unit to the

PC Check next exercise

Warning!!

The max voltage input to ADC is 5V.

A/D IN  VR2

+5V  VR1

GND  VR1

Chip  GND

Back

1 Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in next slide

2 Connects RS-232C port to PC COM port by using K&H RS-232 Cable

3 Turn on the power and launch the KL-620 software

4 Press the [Acquire] button  Start to record the DC voltage

5 Rotate the Potentiometer  The output voltage at VR2 will display at software panel.

Discussion:

When connecting CHIP to the GND and

CTRL pin to GND, the analog signal

received from A/D Converter will send

to PC through RS-232 interface

Warning!!

The max voltage swing input to ADC is -5V ~ +5V.

Press acquire button to start acquire data Save data in Excel format

Load saved data

Setup Acquire Frequency, Number and Gain

Change Y-axis Name and Scale

Graphic and Cursor control panel

Data stored in Table

Current, Min, and Max value Setup trigger level for background color

KL-620 Software Interface for Data Acquisition

D/A Converter Test

1 Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in next slide

2 Turn on the power.

3 Press Range button twice  Setup DCV measuring range (-20V ~ +20V)

4 Adjust Thumbwheel Switch below 4095, for example 3512  Status Display will show close to 3.512, meaning that the output voltage of DA Converter is 3.512 Volt

5 Adjust Thumbwheel Switch above 4095  Status Display will show

close to 0.000 and speaker start beeping

Discussion:

The digital output of thumbwheel switch (12-bit) is connected to 12-bit

D/A Converter DA0~DA11 and convert to DC voltage

The scale for converting is 1 bit = 0.001V

i.e (0000~4095 => 0.000~4.095V)

+Input  OUT+

Manual  GND

Connect to GND

Alarm Amplifier Test

1 Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in next slide

2 Turn on the power.

3 Rotate the Potentiometer  When the applied voltage is higher than 0.7V, the buzzer will be ON.

Discussion:

The schematic of the Alarm Amplifier block is shown below When the applying voltage to Signal Input of Alarm Amplifier is above around 0.7 volt, transistor will be ON and the buzzer will start alarming

Signal Input

From Single Chip

Buzzer

+5V  VR3

GND  VR1 SIN IN  VR2

Back

1 Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in next slide

2 Turn on the power.

3 Press Range button twice (20V range)

4 Rotate the Potentiometer  When V+ > V-, Vo outputs a positive 10 volt When V- > V+, Vo outputs a negative 10 Volt

Differential Amplifier Test

Objective:

Understand the connection and function of differential amplifier block.

Differential Amplifier

1 Turn off the power and connect the wires as shown in next slide

2 Turn on the power

3 Select Range button to 20V range  The Status Display shows 7 (Volt)

4 Connects V+ to DC -5V and V- remains connecting to DC +5V  The Status Display shows -10 (Volt)

The output voltage of differential amplifier is equal to V+ - V- However due to the power supplied limit of amplifier, the maximum difference is equal to 12 Volt The schematic of the differential amplifier is shown and explained below

V-Vo V+

Instrumentation Amplifier Test

Objective:

Understand the connection and function of instrumentation amplifier block.

Instrumentation Amplifier

Blocks to be demonstrated:

Potentiometer Select / Manual D/A Converter

Thumbwheel Switch

Back

1 Turn off the power

2 Use multi-meter and adjust Potentiometer until the resistance between VR2 and VR3 is equal to 40k Ohm.

3 Setup Thumbwheel Switch to be 0200  D/A Converter OUT+ = 0.2 Volt

4 Connect wires as shown in next page.

5 Turn on the power.

6 Select Range button to 20V range  Status Display shows 1.2V

The schematic of the

instrumentation amplifier block is

shown at right side, where

= 6

Other MCU Function Test

DC Power

+5V, GND

Potentiometer Select / Chip

Back

1 Turn off the power Connect the wires as shown in next slide.

2 Setup Thumbwheel Switch to be [1000]  Setup Alarm level equal to 1.221 Volt (See discussion below)

3 Turn on the power

4 Select Range button to 20V range

5 Adjust the Potentiometer so that the Status Display shows higher than

1.221 (Volt)  Out Control 1 outputs a continuous pulse (pulse width = 0.5 sec) to the alarm amplifier and enable the alarm

6 Adjust the Potentiometer so that the Status Display shows lower than or

equal to 1.221 (Volt)  Out Control 1 outputs a LOW state, no sound outputs from alarm

7 Remove Out Control 1 from Alarm Amplifier SIN IN

8 Connect Out Control 4 to Alarm Amplifier SIN IN

9 Adjust the Potentiometer so that the Status Display shows higher than

1.221 (Volt)  Out Control 4 outputs a LOW state

10.Adjust the Potentiometer so that the Status Display shows lower than or

equal to 1.221 (Volt)  Out Control 4 outputs a HIGH state and alarm amplifier starts alarming

A/D IN  VR2

+5V  VR3

GND  VR1

Chip  GND Out Control1  SIN IN

0000 1221 2442 3663 4884 5000

Scaling the Preset level from 0000 ~ 4095 to 0000~5000

The range of the preset level is from 0000~4095

The range of the voltage level output from AD converter is from 0V~5V (0000~5000)

As the result, when the preset level is set to 1000 and when the AD In voltage exceed 1221, the alarm beeps (Outputs from Control 1).

Another example, when the preset level is set to

3000 and when the AD In voltage exceed 3663, the alarm beeps (Outputs from Control 1).

Scaled Level 0000~5000

Formula : = x 5000

4095

Scaled Value

Preset Level

General Sensors (I)

You have learned how to use Main Unit KL-62001 as a measurement and assist tool from previous Unit In this Unit, 4 different types of common

sensors are introduced The connections of the modules to the Main Unit will not be introduced Any questions regard to the Main Unit connections can be referred to Unit 0

Menu

1 Photo Transistor

2 Photo Interrupter

3 Magnetic Hall Effect (Digital)

4 Magnetic Hall Effect (Analog)

Unit 1 : KL-64001

Photo Transistor

Back

Wire Chip

operation i.e., The light striking the base replaces what would ordinarily be

voltage applied to the base – so, a phototransistor amplifies variations in the

light striking it

Photons  Iλ  Ic  Vo1WHEN

Experiment Procedure:

• With power off, connect Vo1 to the Main Unit DCV INPUT+.

• Turn on the power.

• Cover the phototransistor with hand and record the output voltage Vo1?



• Lighten the phototransistor with fluorescent lamp and record the output voltage Vo1? 

• What is the relation between the output voltage and the distance

between light source and phototransistor? 

Answers:

3  ~ 5 Volt

4  0.1 V ~ 4.0 V, depends on the magnitude of the light source

5  The longer the distance, the higher output voltage

Note: If you don’t know how to use DCV, please check Unit 0

Photo Interrupter

Back

Detector Emitter

Barrier

Lead wire Fixed hole

D

++

E

A common implementation involves an LED and a Phototransistor, separated

so that light may travel across a barrier but electrical current may not When

an electrical signal is applied to the input of the photo interrupter, its LED

lights, its light sensor then activates, and a corresponding electrical signal is

generated at the output

When an object block the light bean:

Collector current Ic decreases  Vo2’ = High  Vo2 = High

The two inverters act as a wave shaper and Schmitt trigger Latch

Experiment Procedure:

1 With power off, connect Vo2 to the SIN IN of Alarm Amplifier of on

Main Unit.

2 Turn on the power.

3 What’s the status of the alarm when nothing block the light bean? 

4 What’s the status of the alarm when an object blocks the light bean? 

5 Use oscilloscope to compare the wave shape of Vo2’ and Vo2 

Note: If you don’t know how to use DCV, please check Unit 0

Magnetic Hall Effect (Digital)

Back

Output Supply

Ground

The linear Hall-effect sensor detects the motion, position, or change in field

strength of an electromagnet The output null voltage is nominally one-half

the supply voltage A south magnetic pole, presented to the branded face of

the Hall effect sensor will drive the output higher than the null voltage level A

north magnetic pole will drive the output below the null level

Pinning is shown from brand side

Hall IC

Circuit Explanation:

The voltage of Vo3’ is affected by the pole and magnitude of the magnetic field When South pole approaches to the sensor  Vo3’

When North pole approaches to the sensor  Vo3’

The two inverters act as a wave shaper and Schmitt trigger Latch

Vo3’

Magnet

Experiment Procedure:

1 With power off, connect Vo3’ to DCV.

2 Turn on the power.

3 What’s the value of Vo3’ shown on DCV? 

4 Move the magnet (North pole face to the device) toward the Hall IC and observe the value of Vo3’ shown on DCV 

5 Move the magnet (South pole face to the device) toward the Hall IC and observe the value of Vo3’ shown on DCV 

6 Replace the measure point from Vo3’ to Vo3, and repeat step 4 

7 Replace the measure point from Vo3’ to Vo3, and repeat step 5 

Answers:

3  ~2.5 Volt

4  2.5V ~ 4.1V, the closer the magnet, the higher output voltage.

5  2.5V ~ 1.1V, the closer the magnet, the lower the output voltage.

6  5 Volt

7  0 Volt

Magnetic Hall Effect (Analog)

Back

The Hall element provides an output voltage that is proportional to the

magnetic filed which it is exposed The sensed magnetic field can be

either positive or negative As a result, the output of the amplifier will be driven either positive or negative

Circuit Explanation:

The voltage of Vout1 and Vout2 is affected by the pole and magnitude of the magnetic field

When South pole approaches to the sensor  Vout1 Vout2  Vo4

When North pole approaches to the sensor  Vout1 Vout2  Vo4

Variable resistor R9 is used for offset adjustment

Magnet

Vout1 Vout2

Experiment Procedure:

1 With power off, connect Vo4 to DCV.

2 Turn on the power.

3 Adjust variable resistor R9 so that Vo4 is equal to 0 Volt

4 Move the magnet (North pole face to the device) toward the Hall IC and observe the value of Vo4 shown on DCV 

5 Move the magnet (South pole face to the device) toward the Hall IC and observe the value of Vo4 shown on DCV 

General Sensors (II)

Filter Window

Drain Source Gate

D

S G

Experiment Procedure:

1 With power off, connect CH1 of the oscilloscope to Vo5.

2 Set oscilloscope CH1 to AC coupling (500mV,500mS)

3 Adjust variable resistor R5 to maximum (rotate the knob clockwise until reaching end position)

4 Turn on the power.

5 Weave your hand on the top of the sensor and observe the waveform shown on the oscilloscope 

6 Toward your hand to the top of the sensor slowly, stay for 2 sec, and remove your hand away from the sensor slowly, check the waveform 

Reed Switch

The reed switch is a type of mechanical-contact switch Two metal reeds are enclosed in a hermetically sealed glass capsule A normally open (NO) reed switch is shown above The overlapping reeds can be closed or opened by positioning a permanent magnet close to the reed contacts

Reed

Contact Sealed glass

Back

Circuit Explanation:

When switch close  Q1 ON  BuzzingWhen switch open  Q1 OFF  No Buzzer

Experiment Procedure:

1 Power On the module.

2 Approach a magnet from the top of the sensor to the sensor contact (Magnetic field is in vertical with the contact plate) What is the status

Thermistors are temperature sensitive resistors Increasing the temperature will decreases the resistance (in most cases) This type also called NTC type (Negative Temperature Coefficient) When used for temperature measurements, the current flowing through thermistors must be kept very low (typical less than 0.1 mA) to assure near-zero power dissipation and near-zero self heating

Epoxy

Lead wire

Back

Circuit Explanation:

v1

When Temp  RSENSOR7  V1  Q2 ON  Q3 ON  LED ONWhen Temp  RSENSOR7  V1  Q2 OFF  Q3 OFF  LED OFF

Experiment Procedure:

1 With power off, connect DCV to Q2 base.

2 Turn on the power, adjust variable resistor R8 until V1 equal to 0.95V

3 Rub the thermistor 

4 Blow the thermistor 

Answers:

3  LED starts lighting up when V1 reach about 1 Volt.

4  LED dims

Mercury Switch

Two electrodes and mercury are enclosed in a hermetically sealed glass capsule When the sensor tilted a angle about 15 degrees, two electrodes are closed by mercury

Glass Case

Mercury

Back

Circuit Explanation:

When switch short  Q4 ON  Buzzer ONWhen switch open  Q4 OFF  Buzzer OFF

Normal open

Normal Close

NO

NC COM

COM Actuator

Experiment Procedure:

1 Power on the module

2 Tilt the sensor until the mercury reaching two electrodes What is the status of the buzzer?

Answers:

2  Buzzer starts buzzing

General Sensors (III)

Circuit Explanation:

When not actuated :

1 = High ; 5 = Low  4 = High ; LED2 OFF  2 = High  3 = Low ; 6 = Low LED1 ON

When actuated :

1 = Low ; 6 = Low  4 = Low ; 2 = Low  LED2 ON  3 = High ; 6 = High  LED1 OFF (from previous state)

Experiment Procedure:

1 Power on the module.

2 Press the button to actuate the circuit, what’s the state of the LED? 

3 Release the button, what’s the state of the LED? 

Answers:

2  LED1 OFF ; LED2 ON

3  LED1 ON ; LED2 OFF