Questions 57 and 58 are based on the following passage.Farm animals can carry salmonella, a kind of bacteria that can cause severe food poi-soning.. What was striking about the cases in
Trang 152. The instrument shown in this picture can be
used to study
a cell organelles.
b the flight pattern of birds.
c the movement of stars in other galaxies.
d old manuscripts.
e human vision defects.
53. A large surface area results in a high rate of
cool-ing This is why we tend to curl up when we sleep
in a cold room and spread our limbs out when
we sleep in a very hot room Which of the
fol-lowing is an example where this principle is used
in technology?
a Refrigerators can be used to cool containers of
milk with large surface areas
b Fans that cool computers are often ribbed to
increase the surface area for cooling
c Airplanes are shaped to minimize heat loss in
the cabin
d Heat packs are designed to have a large surface
area
e Microwave ovens are designed to completely
close during food preparation
54. The amount of dissolved gas in a liquid solution
depends on the pressure of the gas Under a high
pressure, greater amounts of gas can be
dis-solved Pressure is used to increase the solubility
of carbon dioxide gas in
a fish ponds.
b cereals.
c carbonated drinks.
Questions 55 and 56 are based on the following diagram.
55. This instrument is used to
a determine the direction of the wind.
b determine the directions of the world.
c find the nearest piece of land when navigating
the seas
d find underground waters.
e determine the direction of water flow.
56. This instrument works because
a it has an internal clock.
b the needle points to the direction of
mini-mum pressure
c the needle changes position depending on the
position of the sun
d the Earth has two magnetic poles.
e the temperatures on Earth’s poles are very low.
S
N
180 210 2
3 0
0
330
0
30 6 0
1
Trang 2Questions 57 and 58 are based on the following passage.
Farm animals can carry salmonella, a kind
of bacteria that can cause severe food
poi-soning However, animals fed antibiotics can
carry especially deadly strains of salmonella
In Minnesota in 1983, 11 people were
hos-pitalized with salmonella poisoning This
number itself was not striking at all
Forty-thousand Americans are hospitalized with
salmonella poisoning every year What was
striking about the cases in Minnesota was
that each patient had severe symptoms and
all the patients were infected with the same,
rare strain of salmonella, resistant to several
common antibiotics A young scientist,
Scott Holmberg, noted that eight patients
were taking the same antibiotics for sore
throats He ruled out the possibility that the
antibiotics themselves were infected with
the bacteria because three of the patients
were not taking antibiotics at all He later
showed that the people were infected with
salmonella prior to taking the antibiotics,
but that the antibiotics triggered the onset
of salmonella poisoning He postulated that
salmonella suddenly flourished when the
patients took antibiotics, because the
antibi-otics killed off all other competing bacteria
He was also able to trace the
antibiotic-resistant salmonella to the beef that was
imported to Minnesota from a farm in
South Dakota, at which cattle were routinely
fed antibiotics and at which one calf died of
the same strain of salmonella
57. As a result of this finding, the Food and Drug Administration should
a carefully regulate the prescription of
antibi-otics for sore throats
b prevent the export of meat from South
Dakota to Minnesota
c limit the practice of feeding antibiotics to
cattle
d take the antibiotic that caused salmonella off
the market
e require special prescription for antibiotics
resistant to salmonella
58. Based on the passage, which one of the following statements is false?
a Salmonella poisoning is a common bacterial
infection
b Some strands of bacteria are resistant to
antibiotics
c Antibiotics kill off bacteria that are not
resist-ant to resist-antibiotics
d Antibiotics transmit salmonella.
e Farm animals can carry salmonella.
Trang 3Questions 59 through 61 are based on the passage below
and the table at the bottom of the page.
Minerals are an important component of
the human diet Some minerals are needed
in relatively large amounts These include
calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur,
chlorine, and magnesium Others, including
iron, manganese, and iodine, are needed in
smaller amounts Humans need 26 minerals
all together, but some of them are only
required in tiny amounts Some minerals,
such as lead and selenium, are harmful in
large quantities Dietary supplements can
decrease the chance of mineral deficiencies
listed in the table below, but should be taken
with great care, since overdose can lead to
poisoning
59. Taking several iron supplements per day can
a decrease the chance of bone loss.
b make you stronger.
c help relieve PMS symptoms.
d cause poisoning.
e make up for an unbalanced diet.
60. Which of the minerals listed in the table are you most likely lacking if you experience irregular heartbeat?
a sodium
b potassium
c calcium
d phosphorous
e magnesium
61. Which two minerals are necessary for formation
of healthy bones and teeth?
a calcium and magnesium
b calcium and phosphorous
c calcium and potassium
d calcium and sodium
e sodium and magnesium
62. Which of the following is the most common result of prolonged excessive alcohol
consumption?
a heart attack
b brain tumor
c lung cancer
d liver damage
e cataracts
63. Which of the following could be transmitted through kissing?
a lung cancer
b brain tumor
c flu
d diabetes
e Down’s syndrome
nerve operation Potassium Fruits, vegetables, grains Irregular heartbeat, fatigue, Muscle and nerve
Trang 464. A woman is most likely to get pregnant if she has
unprotected sex a few days before and on the day
of ovulation, when the egg is released from the
ovaries The release of the egg is hormonally
stimulated, meaning that a hormone in the
woman’s body triggers ovulation On average,
women ovulate around the 14th day of their
menstrual cycle The following is a graph
show-ing the levels of three hormones throughout the
menstrual cycle of an average woman
Based on the graph, which hormone is most
directly responsible for triggering ovulation?
a FSH
b LH
c progesterone
d testosterone
e cholesterol
65. Through friction, energy of motion is converted
to heat You use this in your favor when you
a wear gloves to make your hands warm.
b rub your hands together to make them warm.
c soak your hands with hot water to make them
warm
d place your hands near a fireplace to make
them warm
e hold a cup of tea to make your hands warm.
66. The boiling point of water decreases with increasing pressure At high altitudes, the atmos-pheric pressure is lower than at sea level Where would you expect to find the highest boiling point temperature of water?
a in the Grand Canyon Valley
b at sea level
c at the base of Mount Everest
d at the top of Mount Everest
e at the top of a small hill
67. As the pressure of a gas increases at constant temperature, the volume of the gas decreases
If you were a diver and you wanted to take an oxygen tank with you, what would you do?
a Pressurize the oxygen, so more of it can fit in a
tank of a manageable size
b Decrease the pressure of oxygen in the tank,
so the tank doesn’t explode
c Increase the temperature of oxygen in the
tank, so that the cold oxygen doesn’t damage the lungs
d Decrease the temperature of oxygen, so that it
doesn’t escape from the tank
e Increase the temperature of the oxygen and
decrease the pressure, so the volume stays the same
Apply pressure
GAS
GAS
70
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
FSH LH Progesterone
Day of menstrual cycle
Trang 568. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a
solvent at a given temperature is called solubility
For most substances, solubility increases with
temperature Rock candy can be made from
sugar solutions that have an excess of sugar
dis-solved The amount of sugar per 100 grams of
water at a given temperature has to be higher
than the amount that is normally soluble in
order to make rock candy Based on the
solubil-ity of sugar in water as a function of
tempera-ture, plotted in the graph, how much sugar
would you need to dissolve in 100 grams of
water to make rock candy at 40° C?
a less than 50 grams
b between 50 and 100 grams
c between 100 and 150 grams
d between 150 and 200 grams
e more than 250 grams
69. Which of the following energy sources causes the
least pollution to the environment?
a coal
b nuclear power
c gasoline
d solar
e oil
Questions 70 and 71 are based on the following passage.
In 1628, English physician William Harvey established that the blood circulates throughout the body He recognized that the heart acts as a pump and does not work
by using up blood as earlier anatomists thought To carefully observe the beating of the heart and the direction of blood flow, Harvey needed to see the works of the blood
in slow motion Since there was no way for him to observe a human heart in slow motion, he studied the hearts of toads and snakes, rather than the rapidly beating hearts of “warm-blooded” mammals and birds By keeping these animals cool, he could slow their hearts down The main argument for his conclusion that the blood circulates stemmed from his measurement
of the amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat He calculated that the amount of blood pumped each hour by far exceeds the total amount of blood in the body and proved that the same blood passes through the heart over and over again
70. What misconception did scientist harbor before Harvey’s study?
a The heart circulates blood.
b The heart pumps blood.
c The heart uses up blood.
d The heart contains no blood.
e The heart of birds beats faster than the heart
of frogs
71. Which of the following did Harvey do?
I Observe the heartbeat and blood flow in snakes and frogs
II Determine that the heart acts as a pump III Count the number of blood cells that pass through the heart every hour
IV Show that the blood circulates
Solubility of Sugar in Water
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
50
0
Temperature (degrees Celsius)
Trang 6Questions 72 and 73 are based on the following passage.
Radiation from radioisotopes can be used to
kill cancer cells Chemist Marie Curie
received two Nobel Prizes for her work with
radioisotopes Her work led to the discovery
of the neutron and synthesis of artificial
radioactive elements She died of leukemia
at 67, caused by extensive exposure to
radia-tion Curie never believed that radium and
other materials she worked with were a
health hazard In World War I, glowing
radium was used on watch dials to help
sol-diers read their watches in the dark and to
synchronize their attacks Unfortunately,
women who worked in factories were
draw-ing their radium stained brushes to fine
points by putting them between their lips
As a result, their teeth would glow in the
dark But this was an amusement for
chil-dren more than a cause of worry About ten
years later, the women developed cancer in
their jaws and mouths and had problems
making blood cells This exposed the
dan-gers of radiation
72. Based on the information in the passage, which
statement about radioisotopes is false?
a Radioisotopes can kill cancer cells.
b Radioisotopes can cause cancer.
c A radioisotope can glow in the dark.
d Einstein received the Nobel Prize for working
with isotopes
e A radioisotope was used in watch dials.
73. Which dangers of radiation were mentioned in
the passage?
I Radiation can cause genetic mutations
II Radiation can lead to leukemia
III Radiation can cause chemotherapy
a danger I only
b danger II only
c danger III only
d dangers I and II
e dangers II and III
Questions 74 and 75 are based on the following passage.
In the past, people thought that the Earth was flat and that a ship that sailed too far would fall off the edge of the world The Earth appears flat because the Earth is too large for humans on Earth to see its curvature Several events helped shed the misconceptions For one, during a lunar eclipse, the Earth is posi-tioned between the sun and the moon It eclipses the moon by casting a shadow on it
The shadow the Earth casts is round When Magellan circumnavigated the Earth, he proved that one could not fall off the edge of the Earth, because the Earth was round and had no edges Finally, space missions provided
us with images of our round Earth from far away and showed us how beautiful our planet looks, even from a distance
74. In the passage, what was cited as proof that the Earth is round?
I Earth casts a round shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse
II Earth revolves around the sun
III Magellan circumnavigated the Earth
IV images from space
a I and II
b I, II, and III
c I, II, and IV
d I, III, and IV
e II, III, and IV
75. With which misconception about the Earth is the passage concerned?
a that the Earth turned
b that the Earth was in the center of the solar
system
c that the Earth was flat
d that the Earth was created at the same time as
the sun
e that the Earth could be eclipsed by the sun