Windows 2000 Server PHẦN 7 pps

Configuring a Network Adapter After you have installed a network adapter, you can configure it through its erties dialog box.. Alternatively, right-click My Network Places and choose Pro

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Configuring Dfs Security

Permissions that apply to folders and files are not lost in the Dfs If a user has access to a specific shared folder, that user will also have access to that folder when using the appropriate Dfs share If users have access to one Dfs shared folder, they will also be able to see all of the other Dfs shared folders, but they won’t be able to use them unless they have the appropriate permissions

To manage Dfs security, right-click the Dfs root in the Dfs console and select Properties from the pop-up menu This brings up the Dfs root Properties dialog box Click the Security tab to access the properties shown in Figure 8.12

F I G U R E 8 1 2 The Security tab of the Dfs root Properties dialog box

In the Security tab, you can specify who has access to the Dfs object and what access has been allowed or denied Permissions include Full Control, Read, and Write By default, the Administrators group is allowed Full Control, Read, and Write permissions The Authenticated Users group is allowed Read permission by default

Troubleshooting Dfs

If you are unable to access a Dfs shared folder, you should check the following:

 Make sure that server that hosts the Dfs root is available

 Make sure that the users have appropriate permissions on the NTFS folder that they are trying to access through Dfs

 Make sure that the users have appropriate permissions assigned from the Distribute File System utility for the resource they are trying to access

 Use the Distributed File System utility to check the status of your Dfs shared folders

 How to implement Dfs replication, which can be automatic or manual

 Some tips for troubleshooting Dfs access problems

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Key Terms

Before you take the exam, be sure you’re familiar with the following key terms:Dfs link

Dfs replicationDfs rootDfs shared folderDistributed file system (Dfs)Distributed File System utilitydomain-based Dfs rootFile Replication Service (FRS)host server

replicaroot sharestand-alone Dfs root

Review Questions

1. What are the main advantages of the Dfs? Choose all that apply

A. Provides a centralized location for network files and folders

B. Increases availability of network files and folders

C. Helps ease network congestion

D. Helps ease loads on the server

2. A domain-based Dfs root features which of the following? Choose all that apply

A. Automatic replication

B. Automatic publication of topology to the Active Directory

C. Hosted on any computer in the domain

D. Does not require administration

3. Dfs clients can be run on which of the following platforms? Choose all that apply

A. Windows 3.x

B. Windows 95

C. NetWare servers

D. Windows NT 4

4. What permissions are required in order for a user to access Dfs resources?

A. Users must have permission to access a link before they can access the shared folders in the link

B. Users must have permission to access the Dfs root before they can access any shared folders in the Dfs root

C. Users must only have permission to access the network shares that the Dfs links point to No additional permissions are required

D. Users must have Dfs permissions enabled

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5. Which feature of Windows 2000 allows you to configure automatic Dfs replication?

8. Which of the following statements regarding a stand-alone Dfs is true?

A. Stand-alone Dfs can use the Active Directory

B. Stand-alone Dfs cannot use root-level Dfs shared folders

C. Stand-alone Dfs can only have one levels of Dfs links within its hierarchy

D. Stand-alone Dfs offers replication and backup capabilities

9. Which Dfs link option allows you to specify how many seconds the client computer will store information regarding the location of the requested Dfs shared folder?

A. Clients Cache the Referral for x Seconds

B. Maximum Cache Time

C. Save Dfs Referrals for x Seconds

D. Remember Dfs Referrals for x Seconds

10. Which of the following options can be used to configure the Dfs? Choose two answers

A. Access the Distributed File System utility through Administrative Tools

B. Double-click the Dfs icon in Control Panel

C. Double-click the Dfs tab in Windows Explorer

D. Add the Distributed File System utility as an MMC snap-in

11. Which service must be loaded on Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT clients in order to access Dfs services?

A. Dfs Services for Microsoft Network Client

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13. Which of the following operating systems support Dfs Server? Choose all that apply

Answers to Review Questions

1. A, B, D The Dfs provides a central database of links that point to files and folders that are distributed throughout the network It also provides replication so that if one server goes down, the files on that server will still be available Another benefit of replication is that a single file can

be accessed from more than one server, which reduces the load on any one server

2. A, B Domain-based Dfs roots automatically publish their topology to the Active Directory and can be automatically replicated They can only

be hosted on domain member servers and do require administrators to perform certain setup tasks

3. B, D The Dfs client runs on Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 4, and Windows 2000

4. C Permissions that apply to folders and files also apply when you are using the Dfs If users have access to a particular shared folder, they will also have access to that folder when they open the appropriate Dfs share

5. B Automatic replication can only be used on NTFS volumes

6. C Dfs links are pointers to the shared folders that will be accessed by the end user

7. D Dfs shared folders, also known as replicas, are copies of the same set of files that are stored on multiple domain member servers

8. C Stand-alone Dfs can have only a single level of Dfs links in its hierarchy

9. A The Clients Cache the Referral for x Seconds option allows you to

specify how many seconds the client computer will store information regarding the location of the requested Dfs shared folder

10. A, D You can access the Distributed File System utility through Administrative Tools or as an MMC snap-in

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11. A In order to integrate Dfs with Windows 95, Windows 98, and dows NT Workstation clients, you need to add the DFS Services for Microsoft Network Client service to the client

Win-12. C A limitation of Dfs is that there can only be 260 characters in a Dfs path

13. C, D Dfs is hosted on Windows NT Server 4 or Windows 2000 Server computers Dfs Server cannot be hosted on client operating systems Clients can access the Dfs topology if the appropriate software is installed on their computer

14. D A Dfs topology consists of three main components: a Dfs root, one

or more Dfs links, and one or more Dfs shared folders, or replicas Each Dfs link points to one shared folder and all of its replicas You can replicate the Dfs root by creating root shares on other member servers in the domain

15. A There can be only one Dfs root per server, although there can be unlimited Dfs roots per domain

9

Managing Network Interoperability

MICROSOFT EXAM OBJECTIVES COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER

Install and configure network services for interoperability

Install, configure, and troubleshoot network protocols

Install and configure network services

Install, configure, and troubleshoot network adapters and drivers

Before you can connect computers over a network, you need to install and configure network adapters on the computers You also need drivers for the network adapters installed on the computers.

Network connections require the proper network protocols The three primary protocols that are used by Windows 2000 Server are TCP/IP, NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS, and NetBEUI

Network services provide IP address management and address resolution functions The main services used for Windows 2000 network interoperability are Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), and Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

In this chapter, you will learn how to install and configure network adapters, manage network protocols, and install and configure networking services

Installing and Configuring Network Adapters

Network adapters are hardware used to connect computers (or other devices) to the network Network adapters are responsible for providing the physical connection to the network and the physical address of the computer Like all other hardware devices, network adapters need a driver in order to communicate with the Windows 2000 operating system

Installing and Configuring Network Adapters 417

In the following sections, you will learn how to install and configure network adapters, as well as how to troubleshoot network adapters that are not working properly

Installing a Network Adapter

Before you physically install your network adapter, you should read the instructions that came with your hardware If your network adapter is new,

it should be self-configuring, with Plug-and-Play capabilities After you install a network adapter that supports Plug-and-Play, it should work the next time you start up the computer

New devices will auto-detect settings and be self-configuring Older devices rely

on hardware setup programs to configure hardware Really old devices require you to manually configure the adapter through switches or jumpers.

If the network adapter is not Plug-and-Play, after you install it, the operating system should detect that you have a new piece of hardware and start a Wizard that leads you through the process of loading the adapter’s driver If the Add New Hardware Wizard does not start automatically, you can add the network adapter through the Add/Remove Hardware icon in Control Panel

Configuring a Network Adapter

After you have installed a network adapter, you can configure it through its erties dialog box To access this dialog box, select Start  Settings  Control Panel and double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon Then double-click the Local Area Connection option and click the Configure button in the Local Area Connections Properties dialog box Alternatively, right-click My Network Places and choose Properties, then right-click Local Area Connection and choose Properties, and then click the Configure button

Prop-In the network adapter Properties dialog box, the properties are grouped

on four tabs: General, Advanced, Driver, and Resources The properties on these tabs are covered in the following sections

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General Network Adapter Properties

The General tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box, shown in Figure 9.1, shows the name of the adapter, the device type, the manufac-turer, and the location The Device Status box reports whether or not the device is working properly If the device is not working properly, you can click the Troubleshooter button to have Windows 2000 display some gen-eral troubleshooting tips You can also enable or disable the device through the Device Usage drop-down list options

F I G U R E 9 1 The General tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box

Advanced Network Adapter Properties

The contents of the Advanced tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box vary depending on the network adapter and driver that you are using Figure 9.2 shows an example of the Advanced tab for a Fast Ethernet adapter To configure options in this dialog box, choose the property you want to modify in the Property list box on the left and specify the value for the property in the Value box on the right

Installing and Configuring Network Adapters 419

F I G U R E 9 2 The Advanced tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box

You should not need to change the settings on the Advanced tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box unless you have been instructed

 The date that the driver was released

 The driver version, which is useful in determining if you have the latest driver installed

 The digital signer, which is the company that provides the digital signature for driver signing (driver signing is covered in Chapter 3, “Configuring the Windows 2000 Server Environment”)

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F I G U R E 9 3 The Driver tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box

Clicking the Driver Details button at the bottom of the Driver tab brings

up the Driver File Details dialog box, as shown in Figure 9.4 This dialog box lists the following details about the driver:

 The location of the driver file, which is useful for troubleshooting

 The original provider of the driver, which is usually the manufacturer

 The file version, which is useful for troubleshooting

 Copyright information about the driver

F I G U R E 9 4 The Driver File Details dialog box

Installing and Configuring Network Adapters 421

The Uninstall button at the bottom of the Driver tab removes the driver from your computer You would uninstall the driver if you were going to replace the driver with a completely new driver Normally, you update the driver rather than uninstalling it

To update a driver, click the Update Driver button at the bottom of the Driver tab This starts the Upgrade Device Driver Wizard, which steps you through upgrading the driver for an existing device

If you cannot find the driver for your network card or the configuration instructions, check the vendor’s Web site Usually, you will be able to find the latest drivers You also should be able to locate a list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about your hardware.

Resource Properties

Each device installed on a computer uses computer resources Resources include interrupt request (IRQ), memory, and I/O (input/output) settings The Resources tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box lists the resource settings for your network adapter, as shown in Figure 9.5 This information is important for troubleshooting, because if other devices are trying to use the same resource settings, your devices will not work properly The Conflicting Device List box at the bottom of the Resources tab shows if any conflicts exist

F I G U R E 9 5 The Resources tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box

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In Exercise 9.1, you will view the properties of your network adapter This exercise assumes that you have a network adapter installed in your computer

Troubleshooting Network Adapters

If your network adapter is not working, the problem may be with the hardware, the driver software, or the network protocols The following are some common causes for network adapter problems:

E X E R C I S E 9 1

Viewing Network Adapter Properties

1. Select Start  Settings  Control Panel and double-click the work and Dial-up Connections icon Double-click the Local Area Connection option In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click the Configure button.

Net-2. In the General tab of the connection Properties dialog box, click the Configure button under Connect Using.

3. In the General tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box, verify that the Device Status box shows “This device is working properly.”

4. Click the Advanced tab Note the properties that are available for your driver.

5. Click the Driver tab Note the driver date and version information Click the Driver Details button to see the location of your network adapter’s driver file Click OK to close the Driver File Details dialog box.

6. Click the Resources tab Note the resources that are being used by your network adapter, Verify that the Conflicting Device List box shows “No conflicts.”

Network adapter not on the HCL If the device is not on the HCL, you

should contact the adapter vendor for advice

Outdated driver Make sure that you have the most

up-to-date driver for your adapter You can check for the latest driver on your hardware vendor’s Web site

Installing and Configuring Network Adapters 423

Check Event Viewer to see if there any messages that give you a hint about what is causing a network adapter error See Chapter 15, “Performing System Recovery Functions,” for details on using Event Viewer.

Network adapter not recognized

by Windows 2000

Check Device Manager to see if Windows 2000 recognizes your device If you do not see your adapter, you will need to manually install it (through the Add/Remove Hardware icon in Control Panel) You should also verify that the adapter’s resource settings do not conflict with the resource settings

of other devices (check the Resources tab of the network adapter Properties dialog box).Hardware that is not working

properly

Verify that your hardware is working properly Run any diagnostics that came with the adapter If everything seems to work properly, make sure that the cable is good and that all of the applicable network hardware is installed properly and is working This is where it pays off to have spare hardware (such as cables and extra network adapters) that you know works properly

Improperly configured network

protocols

Make sure that your network protocols have been configured properly Network protocols are covered in detail in the next section

of this chapter

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Installing and Configuring Network Protocols

Network protocols function at the Network and Transport layers

of the OSI model They are responsible for transporting data across an internetwork You can mix and match the network protocols you use with Windows 2000 Server

Windows 2000 Server supports the following protocols:

 TCP/IP, which is the most commonly used protocol and is installed on Windows 2000 Server computers by default

 NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS, which is used to connect to Novell NetWare networks

 NetBEUI, which is a nonroutable protocol, useful for small networks

 AppleTalk, which is used to support Apple Macintosh computers and

is a fully functional, routable protocol

 DLC (Data Link Control), which is primarily used for printers and connections to IBM environments

The following sections describe how to install and configure TCP/IP, NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS, and NetBEUI, which are the primary proto-cols used with Windows 2000 Server You will also learn how to manage network bindings

On a clean installation of Windows 2000 Server, TCP/IP is installed by default TCP/IP has the following benefits:

 It is the most commonly used protocol and is supported by almost all network operating systems It is the required protocol for Internet access

 TCP/IP is scalable for use in small and large networks In large networks, TCP/IP provides routing services

 TCP/IP is designed to be fault tolerant and is able to dynamically reroute packets if network links become unavailable (assuming alternate paths exist)

 Protocol companions like Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) offer advanced functionality

In the next sections, you will learn how to configure and test TCP/IP

Configuring TCP/IP

TCP/IP requires an IP address and a subnet mask You can also configure many other optional parameters, such as DNS and Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) settings Depending on your network setup, TCP/IP configuration is done either manually or dynamically

IP Address

The IP address uniquely identifies your computer on the network The IP

address is a four-field, 32-bit address, separated by periods Part of the address

is used to identify your network address, and part of the address is used to identify the host (or local) computer’s address

If you use the Internet, then you should register your IP addresses with one

of the Internet registration sites There are three main classes of IP addresses Depending on the class you use, different parts of the address show the net-work portion of the address and the host address, as illustrated in Figure 9.6

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F I G U R E 9 6 IP class network and host addresses

You can find more information about Internet registration at InterNIC’s Web site, www.internic.net.

Table 9.1 shows the three classes of network addresses and the number of networks and hosts that are available for each network class

T A B L E 9 1 IP Class Assignments

Network Class

Address Range

of First Field

Number of works Available

Net-Number of Host Nodes Supported

Subnet Mask

The subnet mask is used to specify which part of the IP address is the network

address and which part of the address is the host address By default, the following subnet masks are applied:

By using 255, you are selecting the octet or octets (or in some cases, a piece

of an octet) used to identify the network address For example, in the class

B network address 191.200.2.1, if the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0, then 191.200 is the network address and 2.1 is the host address

Default Gateway

You configure a default gateway if the network contains routers A router is

a device that connects two or more network segments together Routers function at the Network layer of the OSI model

You can configure a Windows 2000 server to act as a router by installing two

or more network cards in the server, attaching each network card to a different network segment, and then configuring each network card for the segment that

it will attach to You can also use third-party routers, which typically offer more features than Windows 2000 servers configured as routers

As an example, suppose that your network is configured as shown in Figure 9.7 Network A uses the IP network address 131.1.0.0 Network

B uses the IP network address 131.2.0.0 In this case, each network card

in the router should be configured with an IP address from the segment that the network card is addressed to

F I G U R E 9 7 Configuring default gateways

Class A 255.0.0.0Class B 255.255.0.0Class C 255.255.255.0

Network A: 131.1.0.0

IP: 131.1.0.101 Subnet: 255.255.0.0 Default gateway: 131.1.0.10

IP: 131.2.0.101 Subnet: 255.255.0.0 Default gateway: 131.2.0.10

131.1.0.10 131.2.0.10

Network B: 131.2.0.0

W2K2 W2K1 Router

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You configure the computers on each segment to point to the IP address of the network card on the router that is attached to their net-work segment For example, in Figure 9.7, the computer W2K1 is attached to Network A The default gateway that would be configured for this computer is 131.1.0.10 The computer W2K2 is attached to Network B The default gateway that would be configured for this com-puter is 131.2.0.10

DNS Servers

DNS servers are used to resolve host names to IP addresses This makes it

easier for people to access domain hosts

Do you know what the IP address is for the White House? It’s 198.137.240.91 Do you know the host name of the White House? It’s www.whitehouse.gov You can understand why many people might not know the IP address but would know the host name

When you access the Internet and type in www.whitehouse.gov, there are DNS servers that resolve the host name to the proper IP address If you do not

have access to a properly configured DNS server, you can configure a HOSTS

file for your computer A HOSTS file contains the mappings of IP addresses to

the domain hosts that you need to access DNS servers are covered in greater detail in the “Using DNS” section later in this chapter

an IP address This address resolution can be accomplished by using one

of the following methods:

 Through a broadcast (if the computer you are trying to reach is on the same network segment)

 Through a WINS server

 Through an LMHOSTS file, which is a static mapping of IP addresses to

NetBIOS computer namesWINS servers are covered in greater detail in the “Using DNS” section later in this chapter

Manual IP Configuration

You can manually configure IP if you know your IP address and subnet mask If you are using optional components such as a default gateway or a DNS server, you need to know the IP addresses of the computers that host these services as well

To manually configure IP, take the following steps:

1. From the Desktop, right-click My Network Places and choose Properties

2. Right-click Local Area Connection and choose Properties

3. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties button

4. The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box appears, as shown

in Figure 9.8 Choose the Use the Following IP Address radio button

5. In the appropriate text boxes, specify the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway (optional) that you want to use

6. Optionally, select the Use the Following DNS Server Addresses radio button and specify a preferred and alternate DNS server in the corresponding text boxes

7. Click the OK button to save your settings and close the dialog box

F I G U R E 9 8 The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box

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Advanced Configuration

Clicking the Advanced button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) dialog box (see Figure 9.8) opens the Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box, shown in Figure 9.9 From this dialog box, you can configure advanced DNS and WINS settings

F I G U R E 9 9 The Advanced TCP/IP Setting dialog box

Advanced DNS Settings

You can configure additional DNS servers that can be used for name resolution and other advanced DNS settings through the DNS tab of the Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box, shown in Figure 9.10 The options in this dialog box are described in Table 9.2

F I G U R E 9 1 0 The DNS tab of the Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box

T A B L E 9 2 Advanced DNS TCP/IP Settings Options

Append Primary and Connection Specific DNS Suffixes

Specifies how unqualified domain names are resolved by DNS For example, if your primary DNS suffix

is TestCorp.com and you type ping lala, DNS will try to resolve the host name as lala.TestCorp.com

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Append Parent Suffixes of the Primary DNS Suffix

Specifies whether name tion includes the parent suffix for the primary domain DNS suffix,

resolu-up to the second level of the domain name For example, if your primary DNS suffix is SanJose.TestCorp.com and you type ping lala, DNS will try to resolve the host name as lala.SanJose.TestCorp.com If this doesn’t work, DNS will try to resolve the host name as

lala.TestCorp.com.

Append These DNS Suffixes (in order)

Specifies the DNS suffixes that will

be used to attempt to resolve unqualified name resolution For example, if your primary DNS suffix

is TestCorp.com and you type ping lala, DNS will try to resolve the host name as lala.TestCorp.com If you append the additional DNS suffix MyCorp.com and type ping lala, DNS will try to resolve the host name as lala.TestCorp.com and lala.MyCorp.com.

DNS Suffix for This Connection Specifies the DNS suffix for the

con-nection If this value is configured

by a DHCP server and you specify a DNS suffix, it will override the value set by DHCP.

T A B L E 9 2 Advanced DNS TCP/IP Settings Options (continued)

Advanced WINS Settings

You can configure advanced WINS options through the WINS tab in the Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box, shown in Figure 9.11 The options in this dialog box are described in Table 9.3

F I G U R E 9 1 1 The WINS tab of the Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box

Register This Connection’s Address

in DNS

Specifies that the computer will try to register its address dynamically using the computer name that was specified through the Network Identification tab

of the System Properties dialog box (accessed through the System icon in Control Panel).

Use This Connection’s DNS Suffix

in DNS Registration

Specifies that when the computer registers automatically with the DNS server, it should use the combination of the computer name and the DNS suffix.

T A B L E 9 2 Advanced DNS TCP/IP Settings Options (continued)

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Dynamic IP Configuration

Dynamic IP configuration assumes that you have a DHCP server on your

network DHCP servers are configured to provide DHCP clients with all of their IP configuration information automatically DHCP servers are covered

in greater detail in the “Using DHCP” section later in this chapter

By default, when TCP/IP is installed on a Windows 2000 Server computer, the computer is configured for dynamic IP configuration If your computer is config-ured for manual IP configuration and you want to use dynamic IP configuration, take the following steps:

1. From the Desktop, right-click My Network Places and choose Properties

T A B L E 9 3 Advanced WINS TCP/IP Settings Options

WINS Addresses, in Order of Use Specifies the WINS servers that are

used to resolve WINS queries You can use the arrow buttons on the right side of the list box to move the servers up or down in the list.

Enable LMHOSTS Lookup Specifies whether an LMHOSTS file can

be used for name resolution If you configure this option, you can use the Import LMHOSTS button to import

an LMHOSTS file to the computer Enable NetBIOS over TCP/IP Allows you to use statically config-

ured IP addresses so that the puter is able to communicate with pre–Windows 2000 computers Disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP Allows you to disable NetBIOS over

com-TCP/IP Use this option only if your network includes only Windows 2000 clients or DNS-enabled clients Use NetBIOS Settings from the

DHCP Server

Specifies that the computer should obtain its NetBIOS and WINS set- tings from the DHCP server.

3. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties button.

4. The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box appears (see Figure 9.8) Choose the Obtain an IP Address Automatically radio button Then click the OK button

Testing IP Configuration

After you have configured IP, you can test the IP configuration by using the IPCONFIG and PING commands

The IPCONFIG Command

The IPCONFIG command displays your IP configuration Table 9.4 lists some

of the command switches that can be used with IPCONFIG command

In Exercise 9.2, you will verify your configuration with the IPCONFIG command

T A B L E 9 4 IPCONFIG Switches

Switch Description

/all Shows verbose information about your IP configuration,

including your computer’s physical address, the DNS server you are using, and whether you are using DHCP

/release Releases an address that has been assigned through DHCP /renew Renews an address through DHCP

E X E R C I S E 9 2

Using the IPCONFIG Command

1. Select Start  Programs  Accessories  Command Prompt.

2 In the Command Prompt dialog box, type IPCONFIG and press

Enter Note the IP address, which should be the address that you configured when the computer was installed.

3 In the Command Prompt dialog box, type IPCONFIG /all and press

Enter You now see more information.

4 Type exit and press Enter.

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The PING Command

The PING command is used to send an Internet Control Message Protocol

(ICMP) echo request and echo reply to verify if the remote computer is available The PING command has the following syntax:

PING IP address

For example, if your IP address is 131.200.2.30, type the following command:PING 131.200.2.30

PING is useful for verifying connectivity between two hosts For example,

if you were having trouble connecting to a host on another network, you would use PING to verify that a valid communication path existed by pinging the following addresses:

 The loopback address, 127.0.0.1

 The local computer’s IP address (you can verify this with IPCONFIG)

 The local router’s (default gateway’s) IP address

 The remote computer’s IP address

If PING failed to get a reply from any of these addresses, you would have

a starting point for troubleshooting the connection error

Using NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS

NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport is Microsoft’s

implementa-tion of the Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol stack The Windows 2000 implementation of the IPX/SPX protocol stack adds NetBIOS support

The main function of NWLink is to act as a transport protocol to route packets through internetworks By itself, the NWLink protocol does not allow you to access NetWare File and Print Services However, it does provide a method of transporting the data across the network If you want to access NetWare File and Print Services, you need to install NWLink and Client Services for NetWare (CSNW) on your Windows 2000 client or Gateway Services for NetWare (GSNW) on your Windows 2000 Server computer CSNW and GSNW are soft-ware packages that work at the upper layers of the OSI model to allow access to NetWare File and Print Services

One advantage of using NWLink is that it is easy to install and configure The following sections describe how to install and configure this protocol

Installing NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS

To install NWLink, take the following steps:

1. From the Desktop, right-click My Network Places and choose Properties

2. Right-click Local Area Connection and choose Properties

3. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click the Install button

4. The Select Network Component Type dialog box appears, as shown

in Figure 9.12 Highlight Protocol and click the Add button

F I G U R E 9 1 2 The Select Network Component Type dialog box

5. The Select Network Protocol dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 9.13 Select NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport Protocol from the list Then click the OK button

F I G U R E 9 1 3 The Select Network Protocol dialog box

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In Exercise 9.3, you will install the NWLink IPX/SPX protocol This exercise assumes that you have a network adapter installed in your computer

Configuring NWLink IPX/SPX

The only options that you need to configure for NWLink are the internal

network number and the frame type Normally, you leave both settings at

their default values

The internal network number is usually used to identify NetWare file servers It is also used if you are running File and Print Services for NetWare

or are using IPX routing

The frame type specifies how the data is packaged for transmission over the network If the computers that are using NWLink use different frame types, they are not able to communicate with each other By default, the frame type is set to Auto Detect, which will attempt to automatically choose

a compatible frame type for your network

To configure NWLink IPX/SPX, take the following steps:

1. From the Desktop, right-click My Network Places and select Properties

2. Right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties

3. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, highlight NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport Protocol and click the Properties button

4. The NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport Protocol

E X E R C I S E 9 3

Installing the NWLink IPX/SPX Protocol

1. From the Desktop, right-click My Network Places and choose Properties.

2. Right-click Local Area Connection and choose Properties.

3. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click the Install button.

4. In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, highlight Protocol and click the Add button.

5. In the Select Network Protocol dialog box, select NWLink IPX/SPX/ NetBIOS Compatible Transport Protocol and click the OK button.

F I G U R E 9 1 4 The NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport Protocol Properties

dialog box

Using NetBEUI

NetBEUI stands for NetBIOS Extended User Interface It was developed in

the mid-1980s to connect workgroups that were running the OS/2 and LAN Manager operating systems

The NetBEUI protocol offers the following advantages:

 It is easy to install

 There are no configuration requirements

 NetBEUI has self-tuning capabilities

 NetBEUI has less overhead than TCP/IP and IPX/SPX and thus offers better performance

 NetBEUI uses less memory than TCP/IP and IPX/SPX

The main disadvantage of the NetBEUI protocol is that it is not routable,

so you cannot use it in networks that have more than one network segment Also, NetBEUI is not as commonly accepted as the TCP/IP protocol

440 Chapter 9 Managing Network Interoperability

To install NetBEUI, take the following steps:

1. From the Desktop, right-click My Network Places and select Properties

2. Right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties

3. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click the Install button

4. In the Select Network Component Type dialog box (see Figure 9.12), highlight Protocol and click the Add button

5. In the Select Network Protocol dialog box (see Figure 9.13), select NetBEUI Protocol from the list and click the OK button

Managing Network Bindings

Bindings are used to enable communication between your network adapter

and the network protocols that are installed If you have multiple network protocols installed on your computer, you can improve performance by binding the most commonly used protocols higher in the binding order

To configure network bindings, access the Network and Dial-up Connections window and then select Advanced  Advanced Settings from the main menu bar The Adapters and Binding tab of the Advanced Settings dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 9.15 For each local area connection, if there are multiple proto-cols listed, you can use the arrow buttons on the right side of the dialog box to move the protocols to the top or bottom of the binding order

F I G U R E 9 1 5 The Adapters and Bindings tab of the Advanced Settings dialog box

Installing and Configuring Network Services

The main services that are used for network interoperability are DHCP, DNS, and WINS In Windows 2000 networks, only Windows 2000 Server computers can act as DHCP, WINS, and DNS servers A single computer can have all three services loaded on it

The following operating systems are supported as clients:

 Windows 2000 Professional or Server

 Windows NT 3.51 or later Workstation or Server

 Windows 95 or Windows 98

 Windows for Workgroups 3.11 (with TCP/IP-32)

 Microsoft Network Client version 3.0 for Microsoft MS-DOS with the real-mode TCP/IP driver

 Microsoft LAN Manager version 2.2c (OS/2 version not supported)

Installing Network Services

You install the DHCP, WINS, and DNS services through the Add/Remove Programs icon in Control Panel The following steps are used to install a network service on a Windows 2000 Server computer:

1. Confirm that the server is configured with a static IP address by checking the TCP/IP properties

442 Chapter 9 Managing Network Interoperability

2. Select Start  Settings  Control Panel Double-click the Add/Remove Programs icon

3. The Add/Remove Programs window appears, as shown in Figure 9.16 Click the Add/Remove Windows Components option

F I G U R E 9 1 6 The Add/Remove Programs window

4. The Windows Components Wizard starts, as shown in Figure 9.17 Select Networking Services and click the Details button

F I G U R E 9 1 7 The Windows Components Wizard dialog box

5. The Networking Services dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 9.18 Check the check box for the service you want to install: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Windows Internet Name Service (WINS), or Domain Name System (DNS) Then click the OK button.

F I G U R E 9 1 8 The Networking Services dialog box

6. You return to the Windows Components dialog box Click the Next button

7. The Completing the Windows Components Wizard dialog box appears Click the Finish button

8. You return to the Add/Remove Programs window Click the Close button Close Control Panel

After you’ve installed the appropriate networking service, you can configure the DHCP, WINS, or DNS server For each networking service installed, you will see a corresponding item in the Administrative Tools group

You can also add the DHCP, WINS, and DNS snap-ins to the MMC See Chapter 3,

“Configuring the Windows 2000 Server Environment,” for more information about snap-ins to the MMC