wdm optical interfaces for future fiber radio systems phần 2 potx

Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, and Christina Lim, “Multifunctional WDM optical interface for millimeter-wave fiber-radio antenna base station” published in IEEE Journ

Trang 1

Chapter 1: Introduction

Design of hybrid multiplexer for WI-DWDM integrated access network

[Publication Ref: 8, 16, Section 1.6]

Experimental demonstration of hybrid wavelength-interleaved multiplexing

scheme incorporating 37.5 GHz RF, 2.5 GHz IF and BB signals for a DWDM

integrated access network, spaced at 12.5 GHz [Publication Ref: 8, 16,

Section 1.6]

Proposals of hybrid demultiplexing schemes for WI-DWDM integrated

access network [Publication Ref: 7, 22, Section 1.6]

Experimental demonstration of a hybrid wavelength-interleaved

demultiplexing scheme incorporating 37.5 GHz RF, 2.5 GHz IF and baseband

signals for a DWDM integrated access network, spaced at 12.5 GHz

[Publication Ref: 7, 22, Section 1.6]

1.6 Publications Originated from This Work

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

1 Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, and Christina Lim,

“Multifunctional WDM optical interface for millimeter-wave fiber-radio

antenna base station” published in IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology

(JLT), 2005 [Ref: Vol 23, No 3, pp 1210-1218, 2005]

2 Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina Lim,

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Efficient multiplexing scheme for

wavelength-interleaved DWDM millimeter-wave fiber-radio systems”

published in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters (PTL), 2005 [Ref: Vol 17,

No 12, pp 2718-2720, 2005]

Trang 2

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Performance characterization of single

as well as cascaded WDM optical interfaces in millimeter-wave fiber-radio

networks” published in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters (PTL), 2006

[Ref: Vol 18, No 1, pp 115-117, 2006]

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Simultaneous Multiplexing and

Demultiplexing of Wavelength-Interleaved Channels in DWDM

Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Networks” submitted to IEEE Journal of Lightwave

Technology (JLT)

5 Zhaohui Li, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Yang

Jing Wen, Linghao Cheng, Jian Chen, Chao Lu, and Sheel Aditya,

“Performance of WDM Fiber-Radio Network Using Distributed Raman

Amplifier,” published in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters (PTL), 2006

[Ref: Vol 18, No 4, pp 553-555, 2006]

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Investigation of Performance

Enhancement of WDM Optical Interfaces for Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio

Networks” submitted to IEEE Photonics Technology Letters (PTL)

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Hybrid multiplexing and demultiplexing

technologies towards the integration of millimeter-wave fiber-radio systems

in DWDM Access Networks” submitted to IEEE Journal of Lightwave

Technology (JLT)

Trang 3

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Hybrid Multiplexing of Multiband

Optical Access Technologies Towards an Integrated DWDM Network”

submitted to IEEE Photonics Technology Letters (PTL)

9 Angulugaha Gamage Prasanna, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina

Lim, Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Efficient

Transmission Scheme for AWG-based DWDM Millimeter-Wave

Fiber-Radio Systems” to be submitted to IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

(PTL)

CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS

“Dispersion tolerant novel base station optical interface for future WDM

fibre-radio systems” presented at the Conference on Optical Internet Network

(COIN) / Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT),

Melbourne, Australia, July, 2003

11 Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina Lim, Manik Attygalle, Dalma

Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, and Masuduzzaman Bakaul, "Recent progress in

fiber-wireless networks: Technologies and architectures", presented at the

International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN

2003), Bangalore, India, October, 2003 [Invited paper]

“Experimental verification of cascadability of WDM optical interfaces for

Future DWDM Millimeter-wave fiber-radio base stations” presented at the

International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP 2004), Maine,

USA, October, 2004

Trang 4

Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, “Extending transmission distance in

wavelength reused fiber-radio links with FBG filters,” presented at the

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC/NFOEC2005), Anaheim,

USA, March, 2005

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Simplified multiplexing scheme for

wavelength-interleaved DWDM millimeter-wave fiber-radio systems”

presented at the European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC

2005) , Glasgow, Scotland, September, 2005

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Simplified multiplexing and

demultiplexing scheme for wavelength-interleaved DWDM millimeter-wave

fiber-radio systems” presented at the International Topical Meeting on

Microwave Photonics (MWP 2005), Seoul, South Korea, October, 2005

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Hybrid multiplexing towards the

integration of millimeter-wave fiber-radio systems in DWDM Access

Networks” presented at the IEEE Topical Meeting on Lasers and

Electro-Optics Society (LEOS 2005), Sydney, Australia, October, 2005 [2nd prize

winner in the best student paper award competition]

17 Zhaohui Li, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Linghao

Cheng, Yang Jing Wen, Chao Lu, “Application of distributed Raman

amplifier for the performance improvement of WDM millimeter-wave

fiber-radio network” presented at the IEEE Topical Meeting on Lasers and

Electro-Optics Society (LEOS 2005), Sydney, Australia, October, 2005

Trang 5

18 Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Christina Lim,

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “ Fiber Wireless Networks” presented at

the SPIE Asia-Pacific Optical Communications Conference (APOC 2005),

Shanghai, China, November, 2005 [Invited paper]

19 Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Christina Lim,

Manik Attygalle, Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Wavelength Division

Multiplexed Fiber-Radio Networks” presented at the Asia-Pacific Microwave

Photonics Conference (AP-MWP 2006), Tokyo, Japan, April, 2006 [Invited

paper]

20 Angulugaha Gamage Prasanna, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina

Lim, Masuduzzaman Bakaul, Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse,

“Wavelength reuse upstream transmission scheme for AWG-based DWDM

millimeter-wave fiber-radio systems” presented at the Asia-Pacific

Microwave Photonics Conference (AP-MWP 2006), Tokyo, Japan, April,

2006

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Modified WDM Optical Interface for

Performance Enhancement of Millimetre-Wave Fibre-Radio Networks”

accepted in Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT

/AOS 2006) to be held in Melbourne, Australia, July, 2006

Dalma Novak, Rod B Waterhouse, “Hybrid demultiplexing towards the

integration of millimeter-wave fiber-radio systems in DWDM Access

Networks” submitted to the Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP

2006), Grenoble, France, October, 2006

Trang 6

1.7 References

[1] P Bonenfant and A Rodriguez-Moral, “Optical data networking”, IEEE Communications

Magazine, vol 38, no 3, pp 63-70, 2000

[2] C-J L van Driel, P A M van Grinsven, V Pronk and W A M Snijders, “The (R)evoluition of

access networks for the information superhighway,” IEEE Communications Magazine vol

[5] P Mahonen, T Saarinen, Z Shelby, and L Munoz, “Wireless Internet over LMDS:

architecture and experimental implementation,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol 39,

pp 126-132, 2001

[6] S Ohmori, Y Yamao, and N Nakajima, “The future generations of mobile communications

based on broadband access technologies,”IEEE Communications Magazine vol 38, no 12,

pp 134-142, 2000

[7] J Zander, “Radio resource management in future wireless networks: requirement and

limitations,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol 35, no 8, pp 30-36, 1997

[8] T Ihara, and K Fujumura, “Research and development trends of millimetre-wave

short-range application systems,” IEICE Trans Commun., vol E 79-B, no 12, pp 1741-1753,

1996

[9] J O’Reilly and P Lane, “Remote delivery of video services using mm-waves and optics,” J

Lightwave Technol., vol 12, no 2, pp 369-375, 1994

[10] T S Rappaport, “ The wireless revolution,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol 29, no

11, pp 52-71, 1991

[11] A Nirmalathas et al., “Progress in Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Access Networks,” Annals

of Telecommunications, vol 56, pp 27-38, 2001

[12] G Zysman, R Thorkildsen, and D Lee, “Two-way broadband access,” Bell Labs Tech

Journal, vol Summar, pp 115-129, 1996

[13] D Gray, “Examining the use of LMDS to enable interactive services,” in Proc 2nd

Multimedia Over Radio Congress, pp 19-24, 1996

[14] D Gray, “Broadband wireless access systems at 28 GHz,” CED Magazine, vol 7, 1996

[15] F Ivanek, “First/last mile one gigabit wireless,” CENIC NGI Roundtable Workshop, San

Jose, CA, USA, 2002

[16] F Lucarz, “Gigabit/s wireless-over-fiber systems,” Ultra Fast Photonics Group, University

Trang 7

[17] A C Valdez, “Analysis of atmospheric effects due to atmospheric oxygen on a wideband

digital signal in the 60 GHz band,” Thesis submitted to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and

State University (Virginia Tech) as the requirements of the Degree of Master of Science in

Engineering,, July, 2001

[18] F Giannetti, M Luise, and R Reggianni, “Mobile and personal communication in the 60

GHz band: a survey,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol 10, pp 207-243, 1999

[19] M Shibutani, T Kanai, W Domom, W Emura, and J Namiki, “Optical fiber feeder for

microcellular mobile communication system (H-O15),” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in

Communications, vol 11, pp 1118-1126, 1993

[20] W I Way, “Optical fibre-based microcellular systems: an overview,” IEICE Trans

Commun., vol E 76-B, no 9, pp 1078-1090, 1993

[21] D Wake, D Johansson, and D G Moodie, “Passive pico-cell—New in wireless network

infrastructure,” Electron Lett., vol 33, pp 404-406, 1997

[22] H Ogawa, D Polifko, and S Banba, “Millimeter wave fiber optics systems for personal

radio communication,” IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech., vol 40, pp 2285-2293, 1992

[23] O K Tonguz and J Hanwook, “ Personal communications access networks using subcarrier

multiplxed optical links,” J Lightwave Technol., vol 14, pp 1400-1409, 1996

[24] H J Liebe, P.W Rosenkranz, and G A Hufford, “Atmospheric 60-GHz oxyzen spectrum:

New laboratory measurements and line parameters,” Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy &

Radiative Transfer, vol 48, no 5-6, pp 629-643, 1992

[25] H J Liebe, “MPM – An atmospheric millimeter-wave propagation model,” International

Journal of Infrared and Millimeter-waves, vol 10, no 6, pp 631-650, 1989

[26] Federal Communications Commission, “Use of radio frequencies above 40 GHz for new

radio applications,” FCC 94-273, Nov 30, 1994

[27] D Novak et al., “Optically fed millimeter-wave wireless communications," Proc

Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC'98), Washington DC, USA, vol 2, pp

14, 1998

[28] A Nirmalathas et al., “Fiber Networks for Wireless Applications,” Lasers and

Electro-Optics Society (LEOS’00), 13th Annual Meeting IEEE , vol 1, pp 35 –36, 2000

[29] A J Cooper, “Fiber/radio for the provision of cordless/mobile telephony services in the

access network,” Electron Lett., vol 26, pp 2054-2056, 1990

[30] D Everitt and D Manfield, “Performance analysis of cellular mobile communication

systems with dynamic channel assignment,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in

Communications, vol 7, pp 1172-1180, 1989

[31] D Everitt, “Traffic capacity of cellular mobile communication systems,” Computer Networks

and ISDN Systems, vol 20, pp 447-454, 1990

[32] M Berg, S Pettersson, and J Zander, “ A radio resource management concept for bunched

personal communication systems, “ Royal Institute of Technology,” Stockholm, 1997

Trang 8

[33] M Cvijetic, “Progess toward multi-band high capacity WDM system,” Lasers and

Electro-Optics Society (LEOS ‘01), The 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, vol

1, pp 16-17, 2001

[34] R A Griffin, P M Lane, and J J O’Reilly, “Radio-over-fiber distribution using an optical

millimeter-wave/DWDM overlay,” Proc Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and

the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communications

(OFC/IOOC'99),San Diego, CA, USA, vol 2, pp 70-72, 1998

[35] H Kaluzni, K Kojucharow, W Nowak, J Peupelmann, M Sauer, D Sommer, A Finger,

and D Ferling, “Simultaneous electrooptical upconversion, remote oscillator generation, and

air transmission of multiple optical WDM channels for a 60-GHz high-capacity indoor

system,” Proc Microwave Symposium Digest, IEEE MTT-S, Anaheim, CA, USA, vol 3, pp

881-884,1999

[36] K Kitayama, A Stöhr, T Kuri, R Heinzelmann, D Jäger, and Y Takahashi, "An Approach

to Single Optical Component Antenna Base Stations for Broad-Band Millimeter-Wave

Fiber-Radio Access Systems," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.48,

no.12, pp.1745-1748, 2000

[37] G Smith et al., "Technique for optical SSB generation to overcome dispersion penalties in

fiber-radio systems," Electron Lett., vol 33, pp 74-75, 1997

[38] K Kojucharow, M Sauer, H Kaluzni, D Sommer, F Poegel, W Nowak, A Finger, and D

Ferling, “Simultaneous electrooptical upconversion, remote oscillator generation, and air

transmission of multiple optical WDM channels for a 60-GHz high-capacity indoor system,”

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.47, pp 2249-2256, 1999

[39] M A Al-mumin and G Li, “WDM/SCM optical fiber backbone for 60 GHz wireless

systems,” International Topical meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP2001), Long Beach,

CA, USA, pp 61-64, 2001

[40] Y Maeda and R Feigel, “A standardization plan for broadband access network transport,”

IEEE Communications Magazine, vol 39, no 7, pp 166–172, 2001

[41] D.W.Faulkner, D.B.Payne, J.R.Stern, and J.W.Ballance, “Optical networks for local loop

applications,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol 7, no 11, pp 1741–1751, 1989

[42] F.Effenberger, H.Ichibangase, and H.Yamashita, “Advances in broadband passive optical

networking technologies,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol 39, no 12, pp 118, 2001

[43] G Wilson, T wood, A Stiles, R Feldman, J Delavaux, T Dausherty, and P Magill,

“Fibervista: An FTTH or FTTC system delivering broadband data and CATV services,” Bell

Labs Technical Journal, vol January-March, pp 300, 1999

[44] A Geha, M Pousa, R Ferreira, and M Adamy, “Harmonics, a new concept in broadband

access architecture & service evolution,” EXP online ( http://exp.telecomitalialab.com T), vol

2, no 2, pp 112-131, 2002

Trang 9

[45] A Martinez, V Polo, and J Marti, “Simultaneous baseband and RF optical modulation

scheme for feeding wireless and wireline heterogeneous access networks,” IEEE Trans

Microwave Theory Tech., vol 49, no 10, pp 2018-2024, 2001

[46] K Ikeda, T Kuri, and K Kitayama, “Simultaneous three-band modulation and fiber-optic

transmission of 2.5 Gb/s baseband, microwave-, and 60-GHz-band signals on a single

wavelength,” Journal of Lightwave Technol., Vol 21, no 12, pp 3194-3202, 2003

[47] C Lim, A Nirmalathas, M Attygalle, D Novak, and R Waterhouse, “On the merging of

millimeter-wave fiber-radio backbone with 25-GHz WDM ring networks,” Journal of

Lightwave Technol., Vol 21, no 10, pp 2203-2210

Trang 10

Trang 11

Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

Chapter 1 has outlined how millimetre-wave (mm-wave) fibre-radio systems are developed to meet the future bandwidth requirements for broadband wireless access (BWA) in ‘last mile’ communication A generic architecture of mm-wave fibre-radio network is shown in Fig 1.3 In these networks multiple remote antenna base stations (BSs), suitable for untethered connectivity for the BWA services, are directly interconnected to a central office (CO) via an optical fibre feeder network [1-4] Due

to the high propagation losses of mm-wave signals, the radio coverage of these BSs shrink to microcells and picocells, which implies the need for a large number of antenna BSs to cover a certain geographical area [4-12] Therefore, the BS architecture has to be simplified and cost effective, whereas, the fibre feeder network has to be able to support the large number of BSs required to service a certain geographical area This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the research in mm-wave fibre radio systems and the associated technologies, providing a motivation for the topics covered in the rest of the thesis

Section 2.2 presents a comprehensive review of the research towards the simplification of BS architectures The literature on spectrally efficient fibre feeder networks that support a large number of BSs required to service a certain geographical area is reviewed in Section 2.3 Also, the literature involving the

Trang 12

network impairments in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM mm-wave radio networks and the modulation depth enhancement of mm-wave fibre-radio links are summarised in Sections 2.4 and 2.5 respectively The literature towards the realisation of an integrated optical access network incorporating mm-wave fibre-radio systems are reviewed in Section 2.6

fibre-2.2 Base Station Architecture

As mentioned earlier, the successful deployment of mm-wave fibre-radio systems

is largely dependent on the development of simple, compact, light-weight and cost BS The possible strategy to realise such a BS is a highly centralised CO along with less-equipped BSs, in which optical as well as mm-wave components and equipment are expected to be shared with a large number of BSs [13] The centralised network arrangement allows to simplify the BSs to having transmitter and receiver with additional optoelectronic & electrooptic (O/E) interface to detect and transmit optical mm-wave signals [1,14] The introduction of WDM in fibre feeder network enable these systems to interconnect multiple BSs to the CO through a

low-O / E

O A D M

rf

O / E

O A D M

rf

Fig 2.1: Generic BS architecture incorporating 3 integrated interfaces: OADM interface adds and

drops the desired channels to and from the feeder network, O/E interface converts signals from optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical form and rf interface having RF signal processing and

conditioning circuits, diplexer and radiating antenna

Trang 13

single fibre (both in the star-tree and ring/bus network configuration), where each of the BSs will be needed an optical-add-drop-multiplexed (OADM) interface to add and drop the desired channels to and from the feeder network [15-17] Fig 2.1 shows the generic BS architecture consisting of 3 integrated interfaces: the OADM interface adds and drops the desired channels to and from the feeder network; O/E interface, consisted of optical modulator, photodetector (PD) and uplink light-source, converts signals from optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical form; and radio-frequency (rf) interface, consisted of mm-wave radio-frequency (RF) signal processing circuits, diplexer and radiating antenna, does the required conditioning/modification on the

RF signals and before sending it to the next hop Among these 3 interfaces, the complexity of the rf interface is largely dependent on the data transport schemes that distributes the radio signal over fibre from the CO to the BSs, where by optimum selection of the data transport scheme, the complexity of the BSs can be greatly reduced The following section reviews the complexity of the BSs based on the data transport schemes currently proposed for the implementation of mm-wave fibre-radio systems

2.2.1 Data Transport Schemes

There are three possible data transportation methods, which have been considered

in distributing the radio signals over fibre from the CO to the BSs with their relative merits and demerits [18-20] These methods can be termed as baseband(BB)-over-fibre, intermediate frequency (IF)-over-fibre, and RF-over-fibre

In baseband-over-fibre scheme, signal will be transported over fibre as optically modulated BB signal and will be up/down converted at the BS, by which additional signal management in the optical domain can be avoided This scheme enables the use of matured, proven and industry driven digital and microwave technologies; in addition to minimum chromatic dispersion effect on the delivery of sub-Gb/s data stream over fibre [21-26], which enables distribution of mm-wave signal over longer distances without regeneration Also, this scheme has the potential to merge mm-wave fibre-radio systems to the internet protocol (IP) based gigabit ethernet (GbE), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) etc access technologies, by which an integrated

Trang 14

optical access network can be easily realised [27-28] However, those benefits are offered at the expense of a complicated BS architecture, as additional hardware and signal processing circuits are required at the BS to process the received and transmitted radio signals Fig 2.2 shows the generic BS architecture that enables BB-over-fibre transport scheme for mm-wave fibre-radio systems As shown in the Fig 2.2, the radio signal in the rf interface needs to pass through multistage up/down conversion and multiple radio channel enabling multiplexing and demultiplexing devices, in addition to the RF signal conditioning circuits, diplexer and radiating antenna, which make the BS complex, bulky and expensive In addition to the system complexity, the requirement of up and down conversion devices decreases the systems’ flexibility in reconfiguring the channel assignment scheme by centralised control and monitoring, since each of the remotely located local oscillators (LOs) in the BSs needs to be detuned separately [14, 21-24]

MIXER

Fig 2.2: Generic BS architecture that enables baseband-over-fibre transport scheme in mm-wave

fibre-radio system: the rf interface contains multistage up/down conversion as well as multiple radio channel enabling hardware, in addition to RF signal conditioning circuits, diplexer and

radiating antenna

In IF-over-fibre scheme, signal will be transported over fibre at IF and will be up/down converted to/from mm-wave signal at the BS This scheme also provides similar advantages of using matured, proven and industry driven digital and

Trang 15

microwave technologies; while experiences lower chromatic dispersion effect on the delivery of sub-Gb/s data stream over fibre [29-30] Similar to BB-over-fibre scheme, those benefits also can be realised at the expense of a complicated BS architecture, as additional components and equipment, such as LO and mixer are needed at the BS to up/down convert the radio signals before it is radiated by the antenna or converted to optical signal by O/E interface The generic architecture of the BS in IF-over-fibre transport scheme can be seen from Fig 2.3 Like before, due

to having LOs and mixers, this scheme also is not flexible for centralised control and monitoring [1, 14, 31-32] However, this scheme is suitable for implementing multiple channel transmission by using subcarrier multiplexing (SCM), where different radio channels can be superimposed onto different subcarrier frequencies before the combined signal is modulated by an optical carrier and is transported over fibre [6, 15, 33-37] Moreover, the remote delivery of LO from the CO can eliminate the physical LO from the BS, by which the benefits of centralised network arrangement can be realised [38-44]

O / E

O A D M

rf

~

LO

MIXER

Fig 2.3: Generic BS architecture that enables IF-over-fibre transport scheme in mm-wave

fibre-radio system: the rf interface contains up and down conversion hardware, in addition to RF signal

conditioning circuits, diplexer and radiating antenna

In RF-over-fibre scheme, signal will be transported over fibre as optically modulated mm-wave RF signal, which eliminates all the up/down conversion as well

as multiple channel transmission hardware from the BS leading to a simple, compact,

Định dạng
Số trang	30
Dung lượng	450,99 KB