Intelligent Vehicle Technology And Trends Episode 2 Part 8 doc

IV traffic assistance systems will take advantage of sensors, communications, and computing power already on the vehicle for other purposes to provide extra benefits.. Commercial Advance

research investment area on a worldwide basis IV traffic assistance systems will take advantage of sensors, communications, and computing power already on the vehicle for other purposes to provide extra benefits It is hoped that this research area will become as solidly established as safety, because the public clearly wants relief from traffic jams If you ask the average commuter which they want more of—safety or traffic flow—there is a very good chance they will vote for traffic flow Crashes are for them an exceedingly rare event, yet congestion faces them daily Further, an individual driver can control his or her safety

to some degree by how he or she drives but is powerless within a traffic jam Going beyond safety, government policy at the highest levels truly needs to increase attention on what I call “the second half of the problems on the roads.”

So what might our future view from behind a steering wheel look like? How might society change over the long term? We as drivers will have more of a “local look ahead” capability, such that we will know about slow traffic or obstacles ahead and decelerate gradually—emergency braking based on “surprise” will be much less common This in itself will obviously reduce crashes And when emergency scenar-ios do evolve, the majority of vehicles will be capable of at least mitigating, if not avoiding, a crash Further, the driver support provided by our IV systems will be aware and sensitive to our focus and preferences as drivers Trip times will become much more reliable for both people and freight, and we may over time see a transi-tion to truckways for automated freight movement Automatransi-tion for our private vehicles is an inevitable evolution that is just a matter of time, as almost everyone would like some relief from the tedium of driving While it might be overkill for our cars to take us from driveway to driveway, we can expect to enjoy automated operations on the motorways

I recently gave a speech to a group of owners of automotive “body shops” who fix crashed cars as their livelihood When I was about halfway through the talk, they jokingly began calling me “the bad news guy” because the upshot is that crashes will reduce over time, and so will their business! Imagine the possibility that car crashes

in the future will be as rare as airplane crashes are now

In fact, with a little arithmetic, we can take a look at how this might play out The crash rate will be affected by the introduction date of crash avoidance systems, which car models the systems are offered on, the sales rates, and the overall fleet replacement rate Taking the United States as an example, approximately 13 million vehicles are sold each year, which constitutes roughly a 5% vehicle replacement rate per year Theoretically, then, the entire fleet is replaced within a 20-year period When will significant numbers of vehicles be sold with crash avoidance systems?

As a benchmark, I estimate that more than 50% of new vehicles will be sold with at least some type of active safety system by 2015 By that point, if not sooner, we can expect to see a noticeable effect on the crash rate, as consumers would have been purchasing IV systems for 15 years by that time With more and more equipped vehicles on the road after 2015, benefits will start to accelerate such that significant reductions will be seen by 2025 and major reductions roughly ten years after that There is a countervailing trend, however: Vehicle miles traveled continue to rise on a national basis in all of the developed countries So, the number of crashes may con-tinue to increase for some time even as crash rate goes down

So, buckle your seatbelts, and head down to your local car dealer for a test drive The era of the Intelligent Vehicle has begun

Appendix: Web Site Resources

Videos, presentations, and other information regarding many of the topics covered can be downloaded at http://www.IVsource.net Other Internet resources are listed below

Commercial

Advanced Public Transport Systems http://www.apts-phileas.com

Advanced Safety Concepts http://www.headtrak.com

Attention Technologyz http://www.attentiontechnology.com

BMW Connected Drive http://www.connected-drive.de

PSA Peugeot Citroen http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com

Seeing Machines http://www.seeingmachines.com

Advanced Transport Systems (ULTra) http://www.atsltd.co.uk

ZOOM Information Systems http://www.ZoomInfoSystems.com

Government Agencies and Programs

Australian Transport Safety Bureau http://www.atsb.gov.au

323

Deufrako Program (France – Germany) http://www.deufrako.org

European Commission eSafety Website

http://www.europa.eu.int/information_soci-ety/programmes/esafety/index_en.htm European Commission Information

Society Technology Directorate

http://www.cordis.lu/ist French INRIA Institute http://www.inria.fr

French La Route Automatisee Program http://www.lara.prd.fr

French LIVIC Laboratory http://www.inrets.fr/ur/livic/livic.e.html

German INVENT Program http://www.invent-online.de

Japan Advanced Cruise-Assist

Research Association

http://www.ahsra.or.jp Japan Advanced Safety Vehicle Program http://www.mlit.go.jp/jidosha/anzen/

Japan Communications Research Lab http://www2.crl.go.jp

Netherlands AVV Transport

Research Center

http://www.rws-avv.nl Netherlands TRANSUMO Program http://www.transumo.nl

Swedish National Road Administration http://www.vv.se

UK Foresight Vehicle Program http://www.foresightvehicle.org

USDOT Federal Transit Administration http://www.fta.dot.gov

USDOT ITS Website http://www.its.dot.gov

Projects

ActMAP docs.adase2.net/responsehttp://www.ertico.com/

activiti/projects/actmap

Centro Researche Fiat Projects Page http://www.crfproject-eu.org

CHAUFFEUR http://www.chauffeur2.net/final_review

STARDUST http://www.trg.soton.ac.uk/stardust/)

Vision 2030 (UK) http://www.transportvisions.org/vision2030.htm

Academia

University of California – Berkeley

PATH Program

http://www-path.eecs.berkeley.edu University of Minnesota http://www.its.umn.edu.

University of Twente http://www.aida.utwente.nl

Virginia Tech Transportation Institute http://www.ctr.vt.edu

Associations

ERTICO (European ITS) http://www.ertico.com

ITS Australia http://www.its-australia.com.au

ITS United Kingdom http://www.its-uk.org.uk

United Nations Global Road

Safety website

http://www.globalroadsafety.org

News and Information

ITS Cooperative Deployment

Network Newsletter

http://www.nawgits.com Intelligent Vehicle Source http://www.IVsource.net

5FW 5th Framework Program (European Commission)

6FW 6th Framework Program (European Commission)

A-ACC autonomous ACC

ACAS FOT advanced collision avoidance system field

operational test

ACAS automotive collision avoidance system

ADAS advanced driver assistance systems

ADASE advanced driver assistance systems Europe

AHSRA Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway System Research

Association

AIDA applications of integrated driving assistance

A-ISS advanced intersection safety system

ANCAP Australian New Car Assessment Program

APIA active-passive integration approach

ATMS advanced traffic management system

AVCSS advanced vehicle control and safety system

B-ISS basic intersection safety system

C-ACC cooperative ACC

CALM continuous air-interface for long and medium

CAMP Collision Avoidance Metrics Partnership

(U.S DOT)

CBLC communication-based longitudinal control

327

CICAS cooperative intersection collision avoidance systems

CMBS collision mitigation braking system

CVHAS cooperative vehicle-highway automation system

CVHS cooperative vehicle-highway system

DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DSRC dedicated short range communications

DVSMS dynamic vehicle safety management system

ECBS electronically controlled braking system

ETC electronic toll collection

EVSC external vehicle speed control

FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

GPRS general packet radio service

GST global system for telematics

ICA intersection collision avoidance

ICT information and communication technology

ICWS integrated collision warning system

IDA integrated driving assistant

IDS intersection decision support

IN-ARTE Integration of Navigation and Anticollision for

Rural Traffic Environments

IST Information Society Directorate (European

Commission)

INRETS French National Institute for Transport and

Safety Research

INRIA National Institute for Research in Computer

Science and Control

IPA intelligent parking assist

ISA intelligent speed adaptation

ISCS individual spot-cell communication system

ISO International Standards Organization

ITS America Intelligent Transportation Society of America

ITS intelligent transportation system

IVBSS integrated vehicle vehicle–based safety system

IVHW intervehicle hazard warning

JARI Japan Automotive Research Institute

LAVIA limiter adjusting to the authorized speed

LCA lateral control assistance

LCPC Central Laboratory for Roads and Bridges

LDWA lane departure warning assistance

LDWS lane departure warning system

LIVIC Laboratory for the Interactions between Vehicles,

Infrastructure, and Conducteurs

METI Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry

MILTRANS millimetric transceivers for transport

applications

MIRA Motor Industry Research Association

MLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport

MMIC monolithic microwave integrated circuit

NAHSC National Automated Highway System

Consortium

NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

NIAIST National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science

and Technology (Japan)

NILIM National Institute for Land and Infrastructure

Management

OPTIS Optimized Traffic in Sweden

PATH Partnership for Transit and Highways (PATH)

R-ACC responsive ACC

RALF radar automated lane following

RSAP Road Safety Action Plan (European)

RTTIIS real-time transportation infrastructure information

system

SNRA Swedish National Road Administration

TNO The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research

TREN Energy and Transport Directorate (European

Commission)

UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system

U.S DOT U.S Department of Transportation

UTRA-TDD UMTS terrestrial radio access time division

duplex

VICS vehicle information and communications system

VII vehicle Infrastructure Integration

VSCC Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium

WAVE wireless access vehicular environment

About the Author

Richard Bishop, founder of Bishop Consulting, supports clients internationally in research and business development within the intelligent vehicles arena—providing services in partnership development, intelligent vehicle applications, industry trend analysis, and business strategy Clients include federal government agencies, public transit providers, vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, research laboratories, state departments of transportation, and technology firms worldwide He also lectures as

an expert in intelligent vehicle systems

Mr Bishop serves as a U.S expert to the ISO TC204 Working Group 16 on ITS Communications, focusing on developing standards for Floating Car Data and mil-limeter-wave communications He is also publisher of IVsource.net, the only Web site focusing exclusively on the coverage of intelligent vehicle developments From 1991 to 1997, Mr Bishop managed the U S Department of Transporta-tion’s program in vehicle-highway automation research and development, facilitat-ing the establishment of the National Automated Highway System Consortium and providing federal program management for the Consortium’s extensive program of research, development, and stakeholder involvement These activities culminated with Demo ’97 in San Diego, which successfully showcased automated vehicle tech-nology to the transportation community, international media, and the public Dur-ing this time, he also established the International Task Force on Vehicle-Highway Automation and is currently the chairman

During the 1980s, Mr Bishop held positions as a radio engineer, systems engi-neer, and engineering manager within the U.S Department of Defense He holds a B.S in electrical engineering from Auburn University and an M.S in technical man-agement from Johns Hopkins University He is currently enrolled in the Applied Healing Arts master’s degree program at the Tai Sophia Institute

Mr Bishop lives in Granite, Maryland, with his wife Harriet and son Jimmy

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A

Active-Passive Integration Approach (APIA),

83, 85

ActMap project, 100, 193–94

Adaptive cruise control (ACC), 26–27,

127–34

autonomous, 205–6

auxiliary measurements, 129

benefits, 26

congestion dissipation via, 210–11

cooperative (C-ACC), 37, 206–8

defined, 26, 127

in driver-vehicle symbiosis, 281

full-speed range, 134

high-speed, 129–32

lidar-based, 128, 130

low-speed, 27, 132–33

operating modes, 27

proliferation, 317

radar-based, 128

responsive, 206

sensor technologies, 127–29

sensor trade-offs, 129

user perceptions, 275

vision-based, 128–29

See also Longitudinal sensing/control

Adaptive front lighting (AFS), 29, 125–27

illustrated, 126, 127

market aspects, 126

system description, 125–26

Valeo, 126

Visteon, 126

See also Longitudinal sensing/control

ADASE2 project, 293, 294, 297

Advanced Collision Avoidance System

(ACAS), 60

data acquisition systems, 139

field operational test (FOT), 137

radar sensors, 138

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs),

2, 119

ADASE holistic safety approach, 47 CoP, 309–11

defined, 46 European road map, 48 integration, 288 learnability, 278–80 legal issues, 300–303 list of, 48–49 market issues, 294–300 perceived positives/negatives, 273–74 projects, 46–49

societal issues, 292–94 systems, 277–78 Advanced traffic management system (ATMS),

250 AHSRA, 42–43, 184–85 AIDE, 49

AISES, 49 Aisin Group, 82 ALASCA sensor, 154–55 Animal warning, 29–30 Applications of integrated driving assistance

(AIDA), 57, 173 ARCOS program, 52–53 future scenario, 219 target 1, 18–19, 20 target 2, 19–20, 21 target 3, 20, 21 Assisting driver perception, 29–30 adaptive front lighting (AFS), 29 animal warning, 29–30

headway advisory, 30 night vision, 29 See also Safety systems ASV program, 44, 218 Australia

government programs, 39–40 intelligent access project, 40 Intelligent Control Systems Laboratory, 40 ISA research, 199

safety goals, 8

333

TAC SafeCar project, 39

Automated truck lanes, 239–40

Automated vehicles, 225–51

CyberCars, 244–48

deployment options, 249–51

for military operations, 248–49

passenger cars, 226–32

public transport, 240–44

truck automation, 233–40

Automobile manufacturers, 70–81

BMW, 70, 110

DaimlerChrysler, 70–73, 264

Fiat, 73

Ford, 73–74, 265–67

General Motors, 74–75

Honda, 76–77, 144–45, 281–83

Mitsubishi, 77

Nissan, 77–78, 111, 133, 136

PSA Peugeot Citroën, 78, 124

Renault, 78

Subaru, 79

Toyota, 79–81, 104, 133, 141, 241–42

Volkswagen, 81

Volvo, 81

Automotive cooperative system deployment,

212–13

Automotive industry summary, 92–93

Automotive industry suppliers, 81–92

Aisin Group, 82

Bosch, 82–83, 84, 85

Continental, 83, 85

Delphi, 83–86

Denso, 86–87

Hella, 87

IBEO, 87–88

MobilEye, 88

Siemens VDO Automotive, 89

TRW Automotive, 89–90

Valeo, 90–91

Visteon, 91–92

Automotive LKA systems, 109–10, 111

Autonomous ACC, 205–6, 207, 208

AutoTaxi, 58

AWAKE project, 285–86

B

Backup/parking assist, 32, 122–23

market aspects, 123

system description, 122–23

See also Longitudinal sensing/control

BELONITOR, 134–35

Bendix XVision, 124–25

Blind spot monitoring, 113–15 BMW, 70

driver-assist activities, 70 heading control, 110 Bosch, 82–83

ADAS sensor suite, 85 general driver support, 82 long-range radar, 82 predictive safety system (PSS), 82 research agenda, 82

safety and comfort systems, 84 See also Automotive industry suppliers Bus platooning, 243–44

Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems, 34 Bus transit LKA systems, 110–11, 112

C

California DOT, 63–64 PATH program, 207, 208, 229, 230, 234–35

Car2Car Consortium, 213 CARSENSE, 160–63 data fusion processing, 162–63 defined, 160

high dynamic range video system, 161–62 laser sensor, 161

radar sensor, 161 scenarios, 160–61 sensor fusion results, 163 video processing, 162 See also Sensor fusion CarTALK, 188–89 CHAUFFEUR project, 233–34 CHAUFFEUR2, 234 defined, 233

platoon mode, 233 China

government programs, 40–42 IHS, 41–42

IHS data flows, 232 THASV-1 vehicle, 40 CityFCD, 264–65 CIVIS system, 112 Code of Practice (CoP), 292, 309–11

as generic process plan, 309 human factors, 310–11 processes, 310

requirements definition, 309–10 use of, 309

Collision avoidance metrics partnership

(CAMP), 60