Giáo trình hệ điều hành AIX tập 2

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Power Systems for AIX I: LPAR Configuration and Planning

(Course code AN11)Instructor Guide

ERC 1.0cover

Front cover

The reader should recognize that the following terms, which appear in the content of this training document, are official trademarks of IBM or other companies:

IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation

The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, or other countries, or both:

Adobe is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries

Intel is a trademark or registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries

Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc

in the United States, other countries, or both

Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both

Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both

UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other

countries

BladeCenter® eServer™ EnergyScale™

Express™ Focal Point™ GPFS™

HACMP™ i5/OS® IBM Systems Director Active

Energy Manager™

Micro-Partitioning™ OpenPower® OS/400®

POWER5+™ POWER6™ POWER Hypervisor™

Power Systems™ PowerPC® PowerVM™

pSeries® Redbooks® Resource Link™

RS/6000® System i® System i5®

System p® System p5® System Storage™

System z® TotalStorage®

Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

TOC Contents

Trademarks xiii

Instructor course overview xv

Course description xvii

Agenda xix

Unit 1 Introduction to partitioning 1-1

Unit objectives 1-3 What is a partition? 1-5 Physical partition 1-7 Logical partition 1-10 Partition characteristics 1-13 Partition resources 1-15 Logical partition resource example 1-18 IBM POWER5+ LPAR-capable systems 1-20 IBM POWER6 LPAR-capable systems 1-22 Benefits of using partitions 1-24 Software licensing 1-28 POWER Hypervisor functions 1-31 Hardware Management Console 1-34 The big picture 1-37 Advanced partition features 1-39 Dynamic partitioning 1-41 How DLPAR works 1-44 Processor concepts 1-47 Micro-partitioning: Shared processor pool 1-50 Multiple shared processor pools 1-52 Virtual I/O 1-55 Virtual I/O example 1-58 Integrated Virtual Ethernet 1-61 Integrated Virtual Ethernet example 1-63 Live partition mobility 1-65 Capacity on Demand 1-67 PowerVM editions 1-70 Partitioning concepts summary 1-73 Integrated Virtualization Manager 1-76

Exercise .1-93Unit summary 1-95

Unit 2 Hardware system overview 2-1

Unit objectives .2-2IBM POWER5+ processor-based systems 2-4IBM System p5 2-7IBM POWER6 processor-based systems 2-9IBM Power Systems: The new Power equation 2-13POWER6 system example: IBM Power 550 2-17Power System 550 I/O slots: Example 2-20I/O drawer options .2-23Location codes 2-26Physical location code convention 2-29AIX location codes (1 of 2) 2-32AIX location codes (2 of 2) 2-34Service processor 2-36Advanced System Management Interface (1 of 2) 2-39Advanced System Management Interface (2 of 2) 2-42ASMI example .2-44Checkpoint (1 of 2) 2-48Checkpoint (2 of 2) 2-50Exercise .2-52Unit summary 2-54

Unit 3 Hardware Management Console 3-1

Unit objectives .3-33.1 HMC configuration 3-5Topic 1 objectives 3-6Hardware Management Console .3-8HMC connection to the server .3-11HMC version 7 .3-14Configuring a new HMC 3-17Guided Setup Wizard 3-20HMC pre-login welcome screen 3-22HMC login sessions .3-24Disconnect versus logoff 3-26Reconnecting to login session (1 of 2) 3-28Reconnecting to login session (2 of 2) 3-30HMC Welcome screen, after login .3-32

TOC Toolbar features 3-55

Flexibility: Filtering columns 3-57Flexibility: Sort options 3-59Flexibility: Custom groups 3-61Status overview 3-63SRC lookup 3-65HMC management: Overview 3-67HMC network configuration 3-70Network settings: Identification 3-73Network settings: LAN Adapters 3-76Network settings: LAN Adapter details 3-78Network settings: LAN firewall 3-82Network Settings: Name Services 3-85Network settings: Routing 3-87Connecting HMC to managed system 3-90Add managed system (1 of 3) 3-94Add managed system (2 of 3) 3-96Add managed system (3 of 3) 3-99Managing the server or HMC connection 3-101Check managed system status 3-104Check HMC software version 3-107Let’s review Topic 1 3-1093.2 HMC users, remote access, and security 3-111Topic 2: HMC users, remote access, and security 3-112HMC user management 3-114Add or manage HMC users 3-117Add an HMC user (1 of 2) 3-120Add an HMC user (2 of 2) 3-124HMC users: Resources and task roles example 3-126Task roles management 3-128Add task role example 3-130Managed resource roles management 3-132Add managed resource role example 3-134HMC remote access options 3-136Enabling remote browser access 3-139Remote HMC login: Browser requirements 3-141Enable or disable remote options 3-144Using HMC commands remotely 3-147HMC commands 3-149SSH login environment on the HMC 3-151HMC CLI: What is available then? (1 of 2) 3-153

IVM LPAR management: Common Web interface 3-177IVM administration from GUI .3-179Let’s review Topic 2 .3-181Checkpoint (1 of 2) 3-183Checkpoint (2 of 2) 3-185Exercise .3-187Unit summary 3-189

Unit 4 System Planning Tool 4-1

Unit objectives .4-2IBM System Planning Tool (SPT) overview 4-4

SP Tool and system plan deployment .4-8SPT: Launch 4-11SPT: System attributes 4-13SPT: DASD/Media backplane 4-15SPT: System Partitions definitions 4-17SPT: Processors 4-19SPT: Memory 4-21SPT: System Summary .4-23SPT: Working with the Planned Systems 4-25SPT: Assigning Hardware devices 4-27SPT: Networking 4-29SPT: Virtual Storage 4-32SPT: LPAR’s operating system installation .4-35SPT: Summary 4-38SPT: Configuration status (reports and output) .4-40Import system plan 4-42Deploy system plan .4-44Create a system plan using HMC version 7 4-46Converting a system-plan file to SPT format .4-49Checkpoint 4-51Exercise .4-53Unit summary 4-55

Unit 5 HMC and managed system maintenance 5-1

Unit objectives .5-3Backup critical console data (1 of 3) 5-5Backup critical console data (2 of 3) 5-8Backup critical console data (3 of 3) 5-11Scheduling backups (1 of 2) 5-14

TOC Examine current firmware level 5-39

Obtaining new firmware 5-42Change LIC for current release (1 of 5) 5-45Change LIC for current release (2 of 5) 5-48Change LIC for current release (3 of 5) 5-51Change LIC for current release (4 of 5) 5-53Change LIC for current release (5 of 5) 5-55Checkpoint 5-57Exercise 5-59Unit summary 5-61

Unit 6 System power management 6-1

Unit objectives 6-2Managed System Power States 6-4Managed system power on and off 6-7Managed system power on options 6-10Partition standby 6-13System profile 6-15Partition auto start 6-18Hardware Discovery 6-21System initialization (1 of 2) 6-23System initialization (2 of 2) 6-26Power off managed system (1 of 2) 6-28Power off managed system (2 of 2) 6-31Power Management 6-34Checkpoint 6-37Exercise 6-39Unit summary 6-41

Unit 7 Planning and configuring logical partitions 7-1

Unit objectives 7-3Partition resources 7-5Dividing the system resources (1 of 2) 7-7Dividing the system resources (2 of 2) 7-10Creating partitions and profiles 7-14Memory resources (1 of 2) 7-16Memory resources (2 of 2) 7-19Memory usage (1 of 2) 7-22Memory usage (2 of 2) 7-26Processor resources 7-29I/O resources 7-33

Configure dedicated processors 7-53Configure shared processors 7-55Configure memory .7-57Configure I/O slots .7-59Virtual I/O adapters setup 7-61Logical Host Ethernet Adapter (1 of 3) 7-64Logical Host Ethernet Adapter (2 of 3) 7-67Logical Host Ethernet Adapter (3 of 3) 7-69Optional settings 7-71Check logical partition profile summary .7-74Editing a partition’s configuration 7-76Additional configuration options (1 of 2) 7-79Additional configuration options (2 of 2) 7-81Checkpoint (1 of 2) 7-84Checkpoint (2 of 2) 7-86Exercise .7-88Unit summary 7-90

Unit 8 Partition operations 8-1

Unit objectives .8-2Web-based user interface: Systems management 8-4Activating partitions 8-9Activate partitions with a system profile 8-11Activating an individual partition 8-14Activating with open terminal window 8-18Terminal window: Normal boot 8-21Activating with advanced options 8-24Open or close a terminal window 8-26Stopping a partition 8-29Partition shutdown options 8-31Restart partition options 8-34Create a system profile (1 of 2) .8-37Create a system profile (2 of 2) .8-39Validate allocations with a system profile 8-42Change the default partition profile 8-44Copy a partition profile (1 of 2) 8-46Copy a partition profile (2 of 2) 8-48Save configuration in a partition profile 8-50Modify a partition profile 8-52Delete a partition profile 8-55

TOC Scheduling operations (2 of 4) 8-76

Scheduling operations (3 of 4) 8-79Scheduling operations (4 of 4) 8-82Troubleshooting activation failures (1 of 3) 8-84Troubleshooting activation failures (2 of 3) 8-86Troubleshooting activation failures (3 of 3) 8-89Managed system properties (1 of 9) 8-92Managed system properties (2 of 9) 8-94Managed system properties (3 of 9) 8-97Managed system properties (4 of 9) 8-99Managed system properties (5 of 9) 8-102Managed system properties (6 of 9) 8-106Managed system properties (7 of 9) 8-108Managed system properties (8 of 9) 8-111Managed system properties (9 of 9) 8-114Checkpoint (1 of 2) 8-118Checkpoint (2 of 2) 8-120Exercise 8-122Unit summary 8-124

Unit 9 Dynamic resource allocation 9-1

Unit objectives 9-39.1 Dynamic LPAR operations 9-5Topic 1: Dynamic LPAR operations objectives 9-6Dynamic logical partitioning (DLPAR) 9-8DLPAR operations overview 9-12DLPAR operations 9-15Add/Remove dedicated processor operation 9-17Add/Remove shared processing units operation 9-20DLPAR status (1 of 3) 9-23DLPAR status (2 of 3) 9-25DLPAR status (3 of 3) 9-27Move Memory operation 9-29Add I/O slots operation 9-32AIX commands for I/O operations 9-34Removing I/O slots in AIX (1 of 2) 9-37Removing I/O slots in AIX (2 of 2) 9-39Move/Remove I/O slots operation 9-43LHEA dynamic operations 9-45Move/Remove an LHEA from the logical partition 9-47chhwres HMC command for DLPAR 9-50

Resource managers (1 of 2) 9-67Resource managers (2 of 2) 9-70HMC and LPAR initial communication 9-73HMC and LPAR authentication 9-76Verifying HMC for DLPAR .9-79RMC management 9-81Viewing resource class information .9-85Reinitializing RMC configuration 9-87DLPAR troubleshooting: Symptoms (1 of 2) 9-89DLPAR troubleshooting: Symptoms (2 of 2) 9-92DLPAR troubleshooting: Network setup 9-95Let’s review Topic 2 .9-97Checkpoint 9-99Exercise .9-101Unit summary 9-103

Appendix A Checkpoint solutions A-1

TMK Trademarks

The reader should recognize that the following terms, which appear in the content of this training document, are official trademarks of IBM or other companies:

IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation

The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, or other countries, or both:

Adobe is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries

Intel is a trademark or registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries

Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc

in the United States, other countries, or both

Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both

Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both

UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other

countries

Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others

BladeCenter® eServer™ EnergyScale™

Express™ Focal Point™ GPFS™

HACMP™ i5/OS® IBM Systems Director Active

Energy Manager™

Micro-Partitioning™ OpenPower® OS/400®

POWER5+™ POWER6™ POWER Hypervisor™

Power Systems™ PowerPC® PowerVM™

pSeries® Redbooks® Resource Link™

RS/6000® System i® System i5®

System p® System p5® System Storage™

System z® TotalStorage®

pref Instructor course overview

This course is an introduction to performing system administration in a Power Systems p environment It will provide the students with an overview of basic LPAR terminology, planning and configuration tasks associated with an IBM Power System Additionally, the course covers configuration rules for partitions running either AIX V5.2, AIX V5.3, AIX V6.1, or Linux

This is a 3-day course with checkpoint questions and hands-on exercises at the end of each unit to check the students’ understanding

The course design strategy is to define basic terms and concepts related to logical partitioning, cover key configuration information for the HMC, and explain how to configure the logical partitioning options Each unit contains a list of review questions on the last page Use these to review the material from the units that you covered on the previous day each morning for the first 20-30 minutes

pref Course description

Power Systems for AIX I: LPAR Configuration and Planning

Duration: 3 days

Purpose

Learn how to perform system administration in a Power Systems p environment Learn the skills needed to become an effective administrator on IBM's POWER6-based systems that support Logical Partitioning (LPAR) Learn about the features of PowerVM Editions (Advanced POWER Virtualization - APV) and how to configure and manage LPARs running AIX V6.1 using the Hardware Management Console (HMC)

Audience

This course is appropriate for system administrators, technical support individuals, and IBM Business Partners who implement LPARs on IBM System p systems

Objectives

After completing this course, you should be able to:

• Describe important concepts associated with managing POWER6 processor-based systems, such as logical partitioning, dynamic partitioning, virtual devices, virtual processors, virtual consoles,

• Configure and manage the HMC, including users and permissions, software, startup and shutdown, remote access features, network configuration, security features, HMC backup and restore options, and the HMC reload procedure

• Describe the rules associated with allocating resources, including dedicated processors, processing units for Micro-Partitions, memory, Logical Host Ethernet Adapter, and physical I/O for AIX and Linux partitions

• Configure and manage LPARs using the HMC Graphical User Interface (GUI) and HMC commands

• Interpret physical and AIX location codes and relate to the key hardware components

• Power on and power off the POWER6 system

• Use the HMC to back up and restore partition data

pref Agenda

Day 1

(00:30) Welcome(02:00) Unit 1: Introduction to partitioning(00:30) Exercise 1

(01:00) Unit 2: Hardware system overview(00:30) Exercise 2

(01:30) Unit 3: Hardware Management Console

Uempty Unit 1 Introduction to partitioning

Estimated time

02:00

What this unit is about

This unit introduces basic partitioning concepts and features on IBM POWER5 and POWER6 processor-based servers

What you should be able to do

After completing this unit, you should be able to:

• Describe the following terms:

- Partition, logical partition, resource

• Describe the following partition concepts:

- Dynamic logical partitioning

- Micro-partitioning

- Shared processor pool

- Virtual I/O

- Live partition mobility

- Capacity on Demand (CoD)

• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)

• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor

• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions

• List references for IBM POWER5 and POWER6 processor-based system partitioning

How you will check your progress

Accountability:

Notes:

Introduction

The objectives list what you should be able to do at the end of this unit

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsUnit objectives

After completing this unit, you should be able to:

• Describe the following terms:

– Partition, logical partition resource

• Describe the benefits of partitioning

• Describe the following partition concepts:

– Dynamic logical partitioning – Micro-partitioning

– Virtual I/O – Live partition mobility – Capacity on Demand (CoD)

• Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)

• Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor

• Describe the overall process for configuring partitions

• List references for IBM POWER5 and POWER6 processor-based system partitioning

Instructor notes:

Purpose — Review the objectives for this unit.

Details — Explain what we will cover and what the students should be able to do at the end

of the unit

This unit introduces terms and concepts

Because this is the students’ first unit, point out the references listed on the front page of this unit Each unit will have its own list of references

Additional information —

Transition statement — We will start with the most basic term: partition.

Independent operating environment

Each partition runs its own operating system that might or might not match operating

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsWhat is a partition?

• Partition– Allocation of one system’s resources to create logically separate systems

– Each partition is an independent operating environment

From One to Many

Instructor notes:

Purpose — Introduce the generic concept of a partition.

Details — Define a partition as a configured set of resources running its own independent

operating system image

From a security, network, application, and operational perspective, partitions are like having separate physical systems, but with the benefit of having all resources in the same system for maximum configuration flexibility

Additional information —

Transition statement — Next, we will define the concept of physical partitions.

The visual shows an example of a system with three system building blocks, each made

up of a number of processors, an amount of memory, and several I/O slots These three building blocks can be configured into one, two, or three partitions each made up of one

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsPhysical partition

• Physical partition (PPAR) – Resources are allocated in physical building blocks – Blocks contain groups of processors, memory and I/O slots

CPU, Memory, and I/O

Physical Partition

Operating System Operating

System

CPU, Memory, and I/O

CPU, Memory, and I/O

Physical Partition

Interconnect

SMP building block SMP building block SMP building block

Adding or removing resources

To add or remove resources in a PPAR environment, entire building blocks must be added or removed For example, if more memory is needed, you might have to add more processors and I/O slots

Uempty Instructor notes:

Purpose — This visual shows an example of a PPAR system.

Details — Students might have heard the phrase physical partitions from the UNIX server

market These are partitions based on physical system units, such as a system board, which contain a certain amount of processing power and memory, and a number of I/O slots IBM’s POWER5+ and POWER6 processor-based systems support logical partitions

and we mention physical partitions here so we can compare it with logical partitions

Review the PPAR definition and use the visual to illustrate Point out that the example in the visual can be configured with only one, two, or three partitions because there are three system building blocks

The drawback is the lack of flexibility in configuring a system If you just want to add a few

more processors or a bit more memory to get over an increase in workload (for example, quarter end processing), you must add or remove an entire building block of resources, which might be difficult to do

Additional information —

Transition statement — Now, let’s look at LPAR more closely.

Figure 1-4 Logical partition AN111.0

Notes:

Logical partition

Logical partitioning is the ability to make a single system run as if it were two or more systems Each partition represents a division of resources in your computer system The partitions are logical because the division of resources is virtual and not along physical boundaries There are, however, configuration rules that must be followed For the rest of the course, logical partitions will be called simply LPARs or partitions for

brevity

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsLogical partition

• A partition is the allocation of system resources to create logically

separate systems within the same physical footprint

• A logical partition exists when the isolation is implemented with

firmware

– Is not based on physical system building block

– Provides configuration flexibility

AIX 5L Linux AIX 5L i5/OS

SYS1 1:00 Japan

SYS4 12:00 UK

SYS2 10:00 USA

SYS3 11:00 Brazil

ORDEM EP R

OG RESS O

Uempty memory cards or without having to add more processors or I/O slots that are not

needed

Firmware refers to underlying software running on a system independently from any operating system On IBM System p Systems and IBM Power Systems, this includes the software used by the Flexible Service Processor (FSP) and the POWER Hypervisor

Instructor notes:

Purpose — Differentiate the generic term partition with the more specific term of logical partition.

Details — Describe what is meant by logical partitions

The visual shows different time zones and country flags to show that because LPARs are separate operating environments, system variables, such as the time zone, can be set in each operating system of each LPAR This topic is talked about more on the next visual

Additional information — Other vendors might also have LPARs, but each vendor

implements them differently Some vendors refer to logical partitions as “soft” partitions and physical partitions as “hard” partitions

Transition statement — Let’s look at the characteristics of a partition that are independent

from other partitions on the same computer system

What is the same between partitions on the same system?

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsPartition characteristics

• Each partition has its own:

– Operating system – Licensed Internal Code (LIC) / Open Firmware – Console

– Resources – And other things expected in a stand-alone operating system environment:

Open Firmware is for AIX/Linux partitions.

Transition statement — The term resource is used to specify the hardware can be

configured into a partition

Notes:

Resources

Resources are the system components that are configured into partitions

The maximum number of partitions is related to the total amount of resources on the system For example, a system with eight processors can be configured with a total of

80 partitions (if there are sufficient resources) If a system has enough resources, the upper limit of the number of partitions is 254

Minimum amount of resources

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsPartition resources

• Resources are allocated to partitions

– Memory allocated in units as small as the LMB size– Dedicated whole processors or shared processing units– Individual I/O slots

• Including virtual devices

• Some resources can be shared– Virtual devices

– Host Ethernet Adapter

• Some core system components are inherently shared

Linux

P P P P P

M M M AAAAAA

AIX AIX

P P P

M M AAAA

P P

M M AAAA

A = Adapter

M = Memory

P = Processor

Memory is allocated in units known as the Logical Memory Block (LMB) The default LMB size is variable depending on the total amount of physical memory installed and may be as small as 16 MB A partition may be configured with as little as 128 MB of memory or as much as all of the available memory

Shared devices

With software called the Virtual I/O Server installed in a special partition, Ethernet, and storage devices can be configured to be shared between partitions

Secure environments and shared I/O

Highly secure environments can choose not to take full advantage of the cross-partition sharing of devices Even very subtle visibility (for example, different response times from a shared resource) can be considered a covert channel of communication For this reason, by design, all shared or virtual resources must be consciously enabled

Shared core resources

Some devices can be shared because they are core resources to the entire system For example, even though you have allocated separate amounts of memory to different

Uempty Instructor notes:

Purpose — Define what is meant by the term resources and give examples of each type.

Details — Describe that resources are what are allocated to partitions Some resources

are dedicated and some can be shared

Mention that even though processing power or an amount of memory is configured in a partition, it does not mean that the underlying hardware is dedicated to that partition For example, memory allocated to several partitions can physically reside on the same memory chip

Additional information —

Transition statement — Let’s look at an example of how resources might be divided

between partitions

Figure 1-7 Logical partition resource example AN111.0

Notes:

Introduction

This visual shows how a system’s resources might be divided between four partitions With logical partitions, resources can be allocated based on computing needs You do not need to allocate all resources to partitions; that is, some resources might remain unallocated until they are needed

Dynamic logical partitioning

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsLogical partition resource example

• Flexibility to allocate resources depending on need

• With DLPAR operations, resources can be moved, removed, or added without restarting the partition

Uempty Instructor notes:

Purpose — Show an example of dividing system resources between multiple partitions

Introduce the term DLPAR.

Details — Show how resources are divided between partitions with little dependency on

underlying hardware architecture

Additional information —

Transition statement — Next we will see the POWER5+ processor-based servers that

support partitions

Figure 1-8 IBM POWER5+ LPAR-capable systems AN111.0

Notes:

Introduction

The visual lists example IBM POWER5+ processor-based servers that support logical partitioning The list on the visual is not comprehensive; check www.ibm.com for the current list

IBM System p servers are IBM's previous generation of products for AIX and Linux clients; subsequently replaced by the new IBM Power Systems

System p models and resources remain available for AIX and Linux clients

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

IBM Power SystemsIBM POWER5+ LPAR-capable systems

• IBM POWER5+ processor-based LPAR-capable systems

– IBM System p5 Entry, mid-range, and high-end servers