I don’t speak English as well as she does.. You’d better not disturb your father while he’s sleeping.. If you can’t come, you’d better phone him immediately.. We are working hard i
Trang 1SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1 TRANSFORMATION:
1.1
a/ She speaks English better than I do
I don’t speak English as well as she does
b/ Tom is more careful than Jerry
Jerry is not so careful as Tom
c/ Iron is not as strong as steel
Steel ……… d/ Your coffee is not as good as the coffee my mother makes
The coffee ……… 1.2
1.2.1
a/ This bread is fresh enough for us to eat
This bread is so fresh that we can eat it
It is such fresh bread that we can eat it
b/ Bill is not old enough to be allowed to drive
Bill ……… c/ This camera is cheap enough for us to afford
It is ……… 1.2.2
a/ He was so drunk that he couldn’t go home
He ……… b/ These eggs are so spoiled that we can’t eat them
These eggs ……… c/ The cat is too fat to chase the mouse
It ……… 1.3
a/ To learn English Grammar is not easy
It is not easy to learn English Grammar
b/ It is essential to combine theory with practice
To ……… c/ To master karate is hard for him
It ……… 1.4
-ER……THAN
HAD BETTER + V
HAD BETTER NOT + V
ADVISE + TO V ADVISE + NOT TO V
ADJ + ENOUGH +
(FOR) + TO-INF
MORE……THA
N
SO + ADJ + THAT
SUCH + A/ AN + ADJ + N + THAT
TOO + ADJ + (FOR) + TO-INF ADJ + ENOUGH + (FOR) + TO-INF
MORE……THAN
SO + ADJ + THAT
SUCH + A/ AN + ADJ + N + THAT
Trang 2a/ You’d better not disturb your father while he’s sleeping
My mom advises me not to disturb my father while he’s sleeping
b/ I advise you to start studying your lessons now
You’d ……… c/ I think you should go to the doctor’s
You’d ……… d/ You had better tell him before you take this
I advise ………
e/ If you can’t come, you should phone him immediately
If you can’t come, you’d better phone him immediately
f/ Roy, you should stop fooling around, or you’ll be punished
Roy, you’d ……… 1.5
a/ William said to me: “I am leaving for Brussels tomorrow.”
William ……… b/ I asked Smith: “Where are you going?”
I ……… c/ “Will you come back soon, David?” asked his mother
His mother ……… d/ My father asked me: “Take this for me, dear!”
My father ……… 1.6
a/ The driver was asleep, so the accident happened
If the driver had not been asleep, the accident wouldn’t have happened
b/ He is drunk, so he falls out of his bike and bruise his head
If ……… c/ Because the traffic was heavy, he came to work so late
If ………
d/ If you don’t come to see the doctor, your throat will be more inflamed
Unless
……… 1.7
a/ I don’t know how to make cakes
I wish ……… b/ I’m sorry I didn’t invite her to my party
I wish ………
PRESENT SITUATION SENTENCE IN
PAST SITUATION
PRESENT UNREAL CONDITION
IF PAST UNREAL CONDITION
- PRESENT SENTENCE - PAST
IN SITUATION - FUTURE
WISH V 2 (Past Subjunctive)
HAD + V 3 (Past Perfect Subjunctive)
Trang 31.8
a/ People said that they got married
They ……… b/ We know that he is jealous of her
It ……… c/ I don’t like my son to tease his friend
I don’t ……… d/ Men used to build houses when they got married
Houses ……… e/ Will they finish the road soon?
Will
………
f/ I will have Sam repair my bicycle
I will ……… g/ Get someone to fit the air-conditioner
Get ……… 1.9
a/ Although he was so tired, he came to see me
Despite his being tired / tiredness, he came to see me
b/ Though the old man was experienced, he failed to manage the situation
In spite of ……… 1.10
a/ Many competitors had to withdraw because weather condition was bad
Many competitors had to withdraw due to bad weather condition
b/ He couldn’t pass the exam because he was so lazy
Because of ……… 1.11
a/ They walked to town in thirty minutes
It took them thirty minutes to walk to town
b/ We spent five days solving this problem
It took ……… c/ A trip to Halong Bay lasts a week
It takes ……… d/ We wanted to buy a new house; we had to save up for three years
It took ……… 1.12
ALTHOUGH
EVEN THOUGH
DIESPITE
NOUN/ GERUND
IN SPITE OF
BECAUSE
SINCE
BECAUSE OF
NOUN/ GERUND DUE TO
IT + TAKE + S O + TIME + TO V
IT WAS NOT UNTIL……… THAT + S + V +
Trang 4a/ I could not know how to swim until I was ten
It was not until I was ten that I could swim
b/ They couldn’t finish the work until the manager came
It was not ……… c/ The dispute couldn’t be settled down until the police appeared
It was not ……… 1.13
a/ We haven’t seen each other for three years
It’s three years since we last saw each other
b/ Smith has not washed for a week
It’s ……… 1.14
a/ We would rather die than be slaves
We prefer dying to being slaves
b/ He would rather starve than steal
He prefers starving than stealing
c/ I would prefer to come tomorrow than to day
I would rather ……… d/ She prefers sunbathing in the beach
She would rather ……… 1.15
a/ we are working hard so that we may build socialism in Vietnam
We are working hard in order to build socialism in Vietnam
b/ they save much money so that they can go abroad
They ……… 1.16
a/ Can he speak Chinese?
Do you know if he can speak Chinese?
Could you tell me whether he can speak Chinese?
We’d like to know if he can speak Chinese
b/ What are they doing now?
Do you know what they are doing now?
Could you tell me what they are doing now?
We’d like to know what they are doing now
c/ What are you talking about?
Do you know ……… d/ Is this the way to Texas?
Could you tell me ………
IT IS SINCE……… S + V
+ ……
WOULD RATHER
PREFER + V-ING/ TO V
WOULD PREFER + TO V
S + V + … SO THAT + S + V + …
IN ORDER THAT
S + V + … IN ORDER TO + V + …
SO AS TO/ TO
Trang 51.17
a/ “Why don’t you come to see her at once, Hau?” said Nam
Nam suggested that Hau (should) come to see her at once
b/ “Why don’t you take some medicine, Joe?” asked his mother
His mother suggested ………
c/ Let’s take a break
Why don’t we take a break?
d/ Let’s go out for a walk
Why don’t ……… 1.18
a/ When I was a child, I often went fishing
When I was a child, I used to go fishing
b/ He often smoked thirty years ago
He used ……… c/ We always came to the theatre on Christmas
We used ……… 1.19
a/ I am accustomed to jogging everyday
I am used to jogging everyday
b/ My brother gets accustomed to meditating for three hours
My brother gets used ……… 1.20
a/ I am wrong, or you are wrong
Either you or I am wrong
b/ he does not have money, and he does not have a job
He has neither money nor job
2 EXERCISES:
Part A
2.1 SIMPLE COMPOUND:
1/ We planned for a long time in order to have a good trip
We planned for a long time, or we couldn’t have a good trip
2/ We went to bed early in order to get up early
………
3/ In spite of his great strength, he was overcome
He was greatly strong, but he was overcome
4/ In spite of his popularity, he can’t be called a great writer
………
5/ The teacher punished the boy for disobedience
BE
ACCUSTOMED TO + V-ING / N GET
BE
USED TO + V-ING / N GET
NEITHER … NOR
…
Trang 6 The boy disobeyed, so the teacher punished him
6/ He failed to gain much success for his laziness
………
7/ Owing to drought, the crop is short
There is drought, so the crop is short
8/ Due to bad weather, many drivers have withdrawn
………
2.2 SIMPLE COMPLEX:
1/ He was too dull to understand that
He was so dull that he couldn’t understand that
2/ This house is too expensive for us to afford
………
3/ He came in very quietly in order to avoid waking his father
He came in very quietly so that he could avoid waking his father
4/ Peter studies very hard day after day in order to pass the entrance exam
………
5/ Owing to ill-health, he had to retire soon
Because he was ill, he had to retire soon
6/ Due to the terrible flood, the crop was destroyed
………
7/ James is not old enough to be allowed to drive
James is so young that he can’t be allowed to drive
8/ The bread is not fresh enough for us to eat
……… Part B
2.3 COMPOUND SIMPLE:
1/ Make haste, or else you will be late (in order to)
………
2/ He is rich, yet he is not contented (in spite of)
………
3/ I called him, but he gave me no answer (in spite of)
………
4/ This coat can’t be mine, for it is too big (too…to…)
………
5/ We stayed at home, for the tour had been postponed (because of)
………
2.4 COMPOUND COMPLEX:
1/ Do as I tell you, or you will regret it
Unless you do as I tell you, you will regret it
If you don’t do as I tell you, you will regret it
2/ He had to sign or be executed
Unless ………
3/ Keep quiet or you will be punished
If ………
4/ The tickets were expensive, but he bought them anyway
Although the tickets were expensive, he bought them anyway
5/ Life has few enjoyments, still we cling to it
Although ………
C Part C
2.5 COMPLEX SIMPLE:
1/ He had done early so that he could avoid the traffic jam
Trang 7 He had gone early in order to avoid the traffic jam
2/ He took a taxi so that he could catch the early train
………
3/ He made such good speed that he was in time
He made enough good speed to be in tome
4/ They made such good arrangements that they worked effectively
………
5/ He was late because the line at the ticket window was long
He was late because of the long line at the ticket window
6/ He could not go to work because he was ill
………
2.6 COMPLEX COMPOUND:
1/ If you do not hurry, you will miss the train
You must hurry, or you will miss the train
2/ Unless you try your best to study, you will fail
………
3/ His father still trusted him though he had deceived him
He had deceived him, but his father still trusted him
4/ Although there was much trouble, we tried to finish the work
………
5/ Since duty calls us, we must obey
Duty calls us, so we must obey
6/ Because he usually cheats the others, no one believes in him
………