Instructor Inputs - Session 7 doc

1.0 Querying and Managing Data Using SQL Server 2005 Data can be stored in a table: By adding data in the form of rows By using the INSERT statement Syntax: INSERT [INTO] {table_name} [c

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Slide 1

Slide 1 of 20 Session 7

Ver 1.0

Querying and Managing Data Using SQL Server 2005

In this session, you will learn to:

Manipulate data by using Data Manipulation Language statements

Manipulate the Extensible Markup Language data

Objectives

Begin the session by sharing the session objectives with the students

Slide 2

Ver 1.0

Data can be stored in a table:

By adding data in the form of rows

By using the INSERT statement Syntax:

INSERT [INTO] {table_name} [(column_list)]

VALUES {DEFAULT | values_list | select_statement}

Let’s see how…

Storing Data in a Table

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In this topic, you will teach the students how to store data in a table by using the INSERT statement You need to explain the various ways in which data can be inserted For this, you can use the examples given in the Student Guide

Slide 3

Ver 1.0

Data can be inserted in a table in the following ways:

By inserting partial data

By inserting data in related tables

By copying data from an existing table into a new table Let’s see how…

Storing Data in a Table (Contd.)

Tell the students that while inserting rows, it is a good practice to mention the column list Emphasize on the following guidelines to insert data:

Values for columns containing the char and varchar data types should be enclosed in single quotes

While inserting values into a column that has a default constraint defined on it, if you want the default value to be inserted for that column, you can use the DEFAULT keyword

While entering data, the column-list needs to be specified when the data being entered is not in the order of the columns in the table or when the data is not being entered for all the columns

The SQL Server will automatically generate values for an identity column It is not a good practice to insert values for the column

While inserting partial data, the columns for which data is not being inserted should support NULL or default values

You cannot insert rows into two tables with a single INSERT statement

To demonstrate the example to insert data in the Address table, you need to create the Address table in the database For this, you can use the CreateAddressTable.sql given in the DataFiles_for_Faculty\Chapter 05\01_Instep Demo folder in the TIRM CD

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Ver 1.0

Which statement allows you to insert data in a table?

Answer:

INSERT INTO

Reiterate the concepts taught earlier by asking the given question

Slide 5

Ver 1.0

Querying and Managing Data Using SQL Server 2005 Just a minute

Which statement allows you to copy contents of one table into another table?

Answer:

SELECT INTO

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Slide 6

Ver 1.0

Data in a table can be updated:

When there is a change in the data

By using the UPDATE statement Syntax:

UPDATE table_name SET column_name = value [, column_name = value]

[FROM table_name]

[WHERE condition]

Let’s see how…

Updating Data in a Table

Explain to the students that whenever data is updated, the modified value should adhere to the business rules that were effective when the row was entered

In addition, inform the students that you cannot update columns from two different tables with a single UPDATE statement

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Ver 1.0

Which statement allows you to modify data in a database?

Answer:

UPDATE

Slide 8

Ver 1.0

Data in a table can be deleted : When the data is no longer required

By using the DELETE statement Syntax:

DELETE [FROM] table_name FROM table(s)]

WHERE condition]

Let’s see how…

Deleting Data from a Table

Explain the students that whenever DELETE statement should be used only in the case

when the data is highly redundant

You cannot delete rows from two different tables using a single DELETE statement

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Slide 9

Ver 1.0

While deleting data from related tables:

Ensure that first the records are deleted from the table that contains foreign key and then from the table that contains the primary key

Delete all records from a table:

Using the DELETE statement or the TRUNCATE TABLE statement

Syntax:

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name Let’s see how…

Deleting Data from a Table (Contd.)

Explain to the students that the WHERE clause cannot be used in the TRUNCATE TABLE statement as it is used to remove all the data from the table

The TRUNCATE TABLE command deletes data from a table page wise and this

operation is not logged in the transaction log This is the reason a delete operation in a transaction can be rolled back, but a TRUNCATE TABLE command cannot be rolled back Transactions are dealt with in detail later in the course

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Ver 1.0

Which statement allows you to delete a single row from a table?

Answer:

DELETE table_name

Slide 11

Ver 1.0

Problem Statement:

You are the database developer in AdventureWorks, Inc As a part of the regular database operations, you need to implement the following changes in the AdventureWorks database:

1 The management has decided to create a new department named Inventory Control under the Inventory Management group You need to add the details of this new department into the Department table The details should adhere to the structure of the Department table.

2 Change the department names for the following employees to the Inventory Control department:

Vamsi N kuppa Susan W Eaton

The Department ID of the Inventory Control department is 17.

Demo: Manipulating Data in Tables

At the end of this demo, the students will be able to modify the data present in a table

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Slide 12

Ver 1.0

Solution:

To solve the preceding problem, you need to perform the following tasks:

1 Insert a new record in the Department table.

2 Update the employee details to change the department.

3 Verify that data is inserted and modified.

Demo: Manipulating Data in Tables (Contd.)

Slide 13

Ver 1.0

Flash presentation: Introduction to XML

Store XML data in a table:

By using XML data type

By transforming XML data into a rowset

Storing XML Data in a Table

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Screen 1

A database server is accessed by heterogeneous clients These clients include desktop

applications, Web applications, and mobile applications The result set in the row and

column format is mot suitable with mobile applications

Screen 2

The SQL Server allows the database developers to store the data in the XML format As a

result, mobile applications are able to retrieve the data from the SQL Server

Screen 3

This screen displays a sample XML data Using this sample data, you need to explain the

different components of XML data

Slide 14

Ver 1.0

Storing XML data in a rowset involves the following tasks:

1 Parsing the XML document.

2 Retrieving a rowset from the tree.

3 Storing the data from the rowset.

4 Clearing the memory.

Let’s see how…

Storing XML Data in a Table (Contd.)

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Note

Tell the students that there are two ways to store XML data in tables:

Using OPENXML: This method is used when you need to store the XML data in

relational format In this, data value from each node in the XML data source is stored

in each data cell in the database table

To demonstrate how to use the OPENXML function to store data, you can use the example given in the Student Guide This example explains the four tasks that opens

an XML snippet, converts it into the rowset format, stores it in the database, and finally clears the memory

Using Schema Collection: This method is used when you need to store the XML

data in the XML format only In addition, you also need to validate that the XML data is verified against the given schema The plan for this session does not include how to store data using schema collection Also tell the students that for their additional knowledge the procedure to store data using schema is given in the book, which the students can read at home

Tell the students that for additional knowledge the procedure to extract data using

schema collection is also given in the book The students can read this at home You

need to clearly mention that the knowledge of the students on this topic will not be

assessed in the MT

Slide 15

Ver 1.0

Involves extracting data from a table in the form of well-formed XML fragments

Is performed by using:

FOR XML clause in the SELECT statement XQuery language

Retrieving the XML Data from a Table

While teaching the students how to store and retrieve XML data, you need to demonstrate the examples given in the chapter

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Slide 16

Ver 1.0

FOR XML:

Retrieves the XML data using the following directives:

RAW: Is used to return an xml file with each row representing an

XML element

AUTO: Is used to return query results as nested XML elements PATH: Is used to return specific values by specifying the column

names for which you need to return the data

EXPLICIT: Is used to return an XML file that gets the format as

specified in the SELECT statement

Let’s see how…

Retrieving the XML Data from a Table (Contd.)

These directives explain how the rowset data will be converted in the XML format Refer

the Student Guide for detailed explanation of the examples

The chapter also discusses how to extract data using XQuery According to the session

plan, you will not demonstrate this topic in the class However, you can just describe the

concept For your reference, you can execute the example For this, you can use the

CustomDetails.sql file provided in the Datafiles_for_faculty\Chapter 05\01_Instep Demo

folder of the TIRM CD

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Slide 17

Ver 1.0

Querying and Managing Data Using SQL Server 2005 Just a minute

Which clause is used to extract data from a table in the XML format?

Answer:

FOR XML clause is used to extract data from a table in the XML format.

Slide 18

Ver 1.0

Is performed by using the modify function, which allows to perform the following operations:

Insert: Used to add nodes to XML in an XML column or variable

Replace: Used to update the XML data

Delete: Used to remove a node from the XML data Let’s see how…

Modifying XML Data

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Ver 1.0

In this session, you learned that:

The INSERT statement is used to insert data into the table.

While inserting data into a table, the data type of the information must match the data types of the columns of the table.

It is not essential to insert data into a column that allows NULL

or has a default constraint assigned to it.

You can copy contents from one table into another table by using the SELECT INTO command.

The SQL Server provides a row update statement called UPDATE to modify values within tables.

Summarize the session

Slide 20

Ver 1.0

You can delete a row from a table by using the DELETE statement.

You use the TRUNCATE TABLE statement to remove all the rows from a table.

SQL Server 2005 uses XML as a data type to save the XML data in its original state

The SQL Server allows you to shred the XML data by using the OPENXML statement.

You can use the FOR XML clause of the SELECT statement to retrieve the XML data in different ways by using the RAW, AUTO, PATH, EXPLICIT modes.

You can modify the XML data by using the modify function provided by the XML data type.

Using the modify function, you can insert, update, or remove

a node from the XML data.

Summary (Contd.)

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1 What is the difference between the DELETE and TRUNCATE statements?

Ans: The DELETE statement is used to delete specific rows from a table, whereas the TRUNCATE statement is used to delete all the rows from a table

2 What is the difference between the INSERT INTO and SELECT INTO

statements?

Ans: The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert a single row in a table whereas SELECT INTO is used to retrieve the data from one table and insert it into another

3 What is the need to implement XML inside database?

Ans: There are heterogeneous clients accessing the database who might not be able to interpret the rowset based data, therefore you XML needs to be implemented in the database

4 What is the difference between OPENXML and SCHEMA COLLECTION

methods of storing XML data?

Ans: OPENXML stores the XML data in the rowset format in the database Whereas, SCHEMA COLLECTION is used to store the XML data in the XML format

5 How was the XML data treated in the previous versions of SQL Server?

Ans: In the previous versions of SQL Server, the XML data was stored in textual format Where as, in SQL Server 2005, XML data can be stored in the XML format itself

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