Instructor InputsSession 2..Session OverviewThis session includes the following topics: pptx

This session includes the following topics: Functions to customize the result set in SQL Server 2005 Best practices Tips and Tricks Slide 1 Installing Windows XP Professional U

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Instructor Inputs S e

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This session includes the following topics:

Functions to customize the result set in SQL Server 2005

Best practices

Tips and Tricks

Slide 1

Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation

Slide 1 of 21

Ver 1.0

Querying, Managing, and Administering Databases Using SQL Server 2005

Collaborate Session 2

Objectives

In this session, you will learn about:

Functions to customize the result set in SQL Server 2005 Best Practices while using procedures and functions in SQL Server 2005

Tips and Tricks that will help you use functions in SQL Server

2005 FAQs related to general data types and functions in SQL Server 2005

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2.4 Instructor Inputs ¤NIIT

Slide 2 of 21

Ver 1.0 Collaborate Session 2

Knowledge Byte

SQL Server 2005 provides many in-built functions to Customize the Result Set:

String functions:

Are used to manipulate the string values in the result set

Date Functions:

Are used to manipulate datetime values

Are used either to perform arithmetic operations on date values

or parse the date values

Ranking Functions:

Are used to generate sequential numbers for each row or to give

a rank based on specific criteria

Slide 3

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Ver 1.0

Knowledge Byte (Contd.)

System Functions:

Are used to query the system tables System tables are a set of tables that are used by the SQL Server to store information about users, databases, tables, and security

Are used to access the SQL Server databases or user-related information.

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Slide 4 of 21

Best Practices

Never start the name of any stored procedure you create, with the SP prefix This is because all system stored procedures start with the SP prefix

Avoid using the INSERT statement when performing bulk inserts into your database

To reference a table from another database in the same server, prefix the table with the database name Use the following syntax to refer a table from another database in the same server:

SELECT * from [<database name>].[dbo].[< table name>]

Slide 5

Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation Querying, Managing, and Administering Databases Using SQL Server 2005

Tips and Tricks

Use SPACE() function for concatenating values in a query

Use VARCHAR(max) data type with LEFT(), RIGHT(), SUBSTRING() functions because these functions do not support ntext and text data types

Analyze all your query plans by using the SQL Query Analyzer to ensure that they are performing at optimum speed

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Tips and Tricks (Contd.)

Avoid the use of nullable columns:

The use of the nullable column consumes an extra byte on each column used and while querying data, there is much more overhead with nullable columns

Slide 7

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Ver 1.0

What is the difference between the DELETE and TRUNCATE commands?

The DELETE command removes the rows from a table based

on the condition provided with the WHERE clause The TRUNCATE command removes all the rows from a table and does not give an option to selectively delete records

FAQs

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How can you figure out if a string is completely in uppercase?

You can find if a string is completely in uppercase by using the ASCII string function

FAQs (Contd.)

Slide 9

Can you define any length for a VARCHAR data type, such

as VARCHAR(10000)?

When the length is specified in declaring a VARCHAR variable

or column, the maximum length allowed is 8000 characters If the length is greater than 8000 characters, you have to use the MAX specifier as the length

FAQs (Contd.)

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If there are VARCHAR(MAX), NVARCHAR(MAX) and VARBINARY(MAX) data types, are there CHAR(MAX), NCHAR(MAX) and BINARY(MAX) data types also?

No, there is no CHAR(MAX), NCHAR(MAX), or BINARY(MAX) data types The main reason why the MAX specifier is not included for these data types is because these data types are fixed-length data types If the MAX specifier is included for these data types, it will be a big waste of disk space as each column will consume 2 GB of memory even if only a short string value is assigned to the column

FAQs (Contd.)

Slide 11

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Ver 1.0

How can you turn on IDENTITY on an existing column?

To change an existing column as an IDENTITY column, perform the following steps:

Modify table in object browser.

Change column property to IDENTITY “yes”.

Save the change.

FAQs (Contd.)

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Slide 12 of 21

Challenge

Identify the output of the following command:

Select left(‘SQL Server’,3)

Ser SQL ver

QL S

Answer:

SQL

Slide 13

Challenge (Contd.)

Which function is used to return the length of a string?

length lenString StrLen len

Answer:

len

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Which string is used to replace a character with another character?

charindex Space stuff patindex

Answer:

stuff

Slide 15

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Ver 1.0

Which method returns the current date and time?

getdate date gettime time

Answer:

getdate

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What is the return type of rand function?

numeric int float smallint

Answer:

float

Slide 17

Which join returns the Cartesian Product of the rows of two tables?

EQUI JOIN INNER JOIN CROSS JOIN OUTER JOIN

Answer:

CROSS JOIN

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What does >ALL mean in a SELECT statement that is using

a subquery?

It means greater than the maximum value in the list

It means any of the values in the list

It means greater than the minimum value in the list

It means lesser than the minimum value in the list

Answer:

It means greater than the maximum value in the list

Slide 19

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Ver 1.0

Which system database contains all system objects?

Resource database master database temdb database model database

Answer:

Resource database

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Introduction to Hacking/Chapter 1

What should be the size of a transaction log file?

25-40 percent of the database size 25-30 percent of the database size 25-35 percent of the database size 22-40 percent of the database size

Answer:

25-40 percent of the database size

Slide 21

Which keyword with the CHECK constraint ensures that the values entered are from a list of constant expressions?

BETWEEN IN ALL LIKE

Answer:

IN

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2 d len

3 c stuff

4 a getdate

5 c float

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1 Which join should be used to retrieve records with values satisfying the join

condition in the common column?

a Outer Join

b Inner Join

c Cross Join

d Equi Join

2 Which database contains critical data that controls SQL Server operations?

a model

b msdb

c tempdb

d master

3 What should be the size of the transaction log file?

a 25-35 percent

b 25-30 percent

c 25-40 percent

d 20-40 percent

4 Which key constraint is used to maintain referential integrity?

a Foreign key constraint

b Primary key constraint

c Unique key constraint

d Check constraint

5 Which stored procedure is used to bind a rule?

a sp_bind

b sp_bindrule

c sp_rulebind

d sp_unbindrule

Solutions

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The major requirement of any organization or an enterprise is to store complete and consistent data Data integrity is the concept of maintaining consistency and completeness

of data Data integrity is enforced to ensure that the data in a database is accurate,

consistent, and reliable

Discuss the broadly classified categories of data integrity In addition, discuss the

different constraints which can be applied to a table to enforce data integrity

Instructor Inputs

You can conduct the discussion as follows:

Move the discussion toward different categories of data integrity

Continue the discussion by mentioning the different types of constraints

Relate each constraint with the data integrity category

Solution

Data integrity is enforced to ensure that the data in a database is accurate, consistent, and reliable It is broadly classified into the following categories:

called the primary key

can be enforced by restricting the type of data, the range of values, and the format of the data.

the corresponding primary key.

belong to the entity, domain, and referential integrity categories

When creating tables, the SQL Server allows you to maintain integrity by:

Applying constraints

Applying rules

Using user-defined types

Constraints can be divided into the following types:

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