English Language Tests-Intermediate level''''s archiveSwedish Trade Unions doc

English Language Tests-Intermediate level's archive Swedish Trade Unions 1.. Swedish unions do not rely much on formal organizing campaigns; employees join either of their own .... Bein

English Language Tests-Intermediate level's archive

Swedish Trade Unions

1 Swedish unions do not rely much on formal organizing

campaigns; employees join either of their own or as

a result of group pressure

decision

purpose

volition

willpower

2 Being outside a union is a risky business, as unions

control much of labour regulation; though any form of

against non-unionized employees is against the law,

it can be hidden by employers acting together with unions

derogation

discrimination

ostracization

segregation

3 Unionization rates in the service sector are significantly

lower than in industry, at least among blue-collar workers;

still, they around 70 per cent, a figure that is high

enough not to cause serious union worry

hover

idle

sidle

quiver

4 Atypical work has and now accounts for some 30

to 35 per cent of total employment; however, atypical

employees are unionized to the same extent as others,

perhaps slightly more so

bloomed

blossomed

flowered

mushroomed

5 The reason seems to be that they are more to

exploitation and so have more to gain from union

membership

amenable

amicable

viable

vulnerable

6 Effective collective arrangements exist in all

sectors of the economy

bargaining

contracting

dealing

striking

7 Even the temporary work business is unionized and

covered by a collective agreement

comprehensible

comprehensive

exhaustive

inexhaustible

8 The greatest difficulty is to make salaries respond to

changes in market demand: the pay structure is highly

in the sense that it is extremely difficult to change

the relative level of different categories of employees

rigged

rigid

seated

set

9 If one union manages to negotiate extra high pay

increases for its members, perhaps due to market forces,

all other unions will immediately demand — and fight hard

for — the same increase, threatening to the initial

effect

redo

remake

undo

unmake

10 Unions have a monopoly on collective pay

regulation since there is no free labour market in the

sense of a market not governed by collective agreements

de facto

de jure

in vitro

in vivo