solaris 9 user command phần 1 pot

ATTRIBUTES This section lists characteristics of commands, utilities, and device drivers by defining theattribute type and its corresponding value.. /var/adm/pacctincr active processes a

Trang 1

man pages section 1: User

Trang 2

This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers.

Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd.

Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, docs.sun.com, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks

of Sun Microsystems, Inc in the U.S and other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks

of SPARC International, Inc in the U.S and other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.

The OPEN LOOK and Sun™ Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc for its users and licensees Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements.

Federal Acquisitions: Commercial Software–Government Users Subject to Standard License Terms and Conditions.

DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES,

INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID.

Ce produit ou document est protégé par un copyright et distribué avec des licences qui en restreignent l’utilisation, la copie, la distribution, et la décompilation Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut être reproduite sous aucune forme, par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans

l’autorisation préalable et écrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence, s’il y en a Le logiciel détenu par des tiers, et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères, est protégé par un copyright et licencié par des fournisseurs de Sun.

Des parties de ce produit pourront être dérivées du système Berkeley BSD licenciés par l’Université de Californie UNIX est une marque déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company, Ltd.

Sun, Sun Microsystems, le logo Sun, docs.sun.com, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, et Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées, ou marques de service, de Sun Microsystems, Inc aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc.

L’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun™ a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d’utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l’industrie

de l’informatique Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE “EN L’ETAT” ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N’EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L’APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION

PARTICULIERE, OU LE FAIT QU’ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE

S’APPLIQUERAIT PAS, DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU.

Trang 4

audiorecord(1) 80auths(1) 83awk(1) 85banner(1) 90basename(1) 91basename(1B) 93bc(1) 94

bdiff(1) 98bfs(1) 99biff(1B) 103break(1) 104cal(1) 106calendar(1) 107cancel(1) 109cat(1) 111cc(1B) 113cd(1) 115cdrw(1) 118checknr(1) 124chgrp(1) 125chkey(1) 127chmod(1) 129chown(1) 135chown(1B) 137ckdate(1) 138ckgid(1) 141ckint(1) 143ckitem(1) 145ckkeywd(1) 148ckpath(1) 150ckrange(1) 153ckstr(1) 156cksum(1) 159cktime(1) 161ckuid(1) 163ckyorn(1) 165clear(1) 167cmp(1) 168

4 man pages section 1: User Commands • May 2002

Trang 6

echo(1) 306echo(1B) 310echo(1F) 311ed(1) 312edit(1) 324egrep(1) 328eject(1) 331elfdump(1) 335enable(1) 337env(1) 339eqn(1) 341error(1) 346ex(1) 350exec(1) 359exit(1) 361expand(1) 363exportfs(1B) 365expr(1) 366expr(1B) 369exstr(1) 372face(1) 376factor(1) 377fastboot(1B) 378fdformat(1) 379fgrep(1) 383file(1) 385file(1B) 387filesync(1) 389find(1) 396finger(1) 403fmlcut(1F) 406fmlexpr(1F) 408fmlgrep(1F) 410fmli(1) 412fmt(1) 415fmtmsg(1) 416fnattr(1) 421fnbind(1) 424

Trang 8

indxbib(1) 541install(1B) 542ipcrm(1) 544ipcs(1) 545isainfo(1) 549isalist(1) 551jobs(1) 552join(1) 559kbd(1) 562kdestroy(1) 565keylogin(1) 566keylogout(1) 568kill(1) 569kinit(1) 573klist(1) 578kpasswd(1) 580ksh(1) 581ktutil(1) 630last(1) 632lastcomm(1) 634ld(1) 636ld(1B) 648ldap(1) 649ldapdelete(1) 653ldaplist(1) 656ldapmodify(1) 660ldapmodrdn(1) 664ldapsearch(1) 667ldd(1) 672ld.so.1(1) 677let(1) 685lex(1) 686limit(1) 698line(1) 702lint(1B) 703list_devices(1) 705listusers(1) 707llc2_autoconfig(1) 708

Trang 10

mesg(1) 903message(1F) 904mixerctl(1) 906mkdir(1) 908mkmsgs(1) 910mkstr(1B) 912more(1) 914mp(1) 920mpss.so.1(1) 926msgfmt(1) 929mt(1) 935mv(1) 938nawk(1) 941nca(1) 962ncab2clf(1) 964ncakmod(1) 966netscape(1) 967newform(1) 972newgrp(1) 975news(1) 977newtask(1) 978nice(1) 980nis+(1) 982niscat(1) 997nischgrp(1) 1000nischmod(1) 1002nischown(1) 1005nischttl(1) 1007nisdefaults(1) 1009niserror(1) 1012nisgrpadm(1) 1013nisln(1) 1017nisls(1) 1019nismatch(1) 1021nismkdir(1) 1024nisopaccess(1) 1027nispasswd(1) 1030nisrm(1) 1034

Trang 12

posttek(1) 1159ppgsz(1) 1161pr(1) 1164praliases(1) 1168prctl(1) 1169preap(1) 1172prex(1) 1174print(1) 1185printenv(1B) 1186printf(1) 1187priocntl(1) 1192proc(1) 1203prof(1) 1206profiles(1) 1210projects(1) 1212ps(1) 1213ps(1B) 1222pvs(1) 1225pwd(1) 1228ranlib(1) 1229rcp(1) 1230rdist(1) 1232read(1) 1237readfile(1F) 1240readonly(1) 1241refer(1) 1242regcmp(1) 1244regex(1F) 1246reinit(1F) 1248renice(1) 1249reset(1F) 1252rlogin(1) 1253rm(1) 1256rmformat(1) 1260roffbib(1) 1268roles(1) 1270rpcgen(1) 1272rpm2cpio(1) 1277

Trang 14

shell_builtins(1) 1394shift(1) 1398

shutdown(1B) 1399size(1) 1400sleep(1) 1402smart2cfg(1) 1403soelim(1) 1405solregis(1) 1406sort(1) 1409sortbib(1) 1416sotruss(1) 1418spell(1) 1420spline(1) 1423split(1) 1424srchtxt(1) 1426ssh(1) 1429ssh-add(1) 1439ssh-agent(1) 1441ssh-http-proxy-connect(1) 1443ssh-keygen(1) 1445

ssh-socks5-proxy-connect(1) 1448strchg(1) 1450

strings(1) 1453strip(1) 1455stty(1) 1457stty(1B) 1465sum(1) 1472sum(1B) 1473suspend(1) 1474symorder(1) 1475sysV-make(1) 1476tabs(1) 1483tail(1) 1487talk(1) 1490tar(1) 1493tbl(1) 1504tcopy(1) 1506tee(1) 1507

Trang 16

uuglist(1C) 1618uustat(1C) 1619uuto(1C) 1623uux(1C) 1626vacation(1) 1630vc(1) 1633vgrind(1) 1637vi(1) 1641vipw(1B) 1651volcancel(1) 1652volcheck(1) 1653volmissing(1) 1655volrmmount(1) 1656vsig(1F) 1658w(1) 1659wait(1) 1661wc(1) 1664what(1) 1666whatis(1) 1667whereis(1B) 1668which(1) 1670who(1) 1671whoami(1B) 1674whocalls(1) 1675whois(1) 1676write(1) 1677xargs(1) 1680xgettext(1) 1685xstr(1) 1687yacc(1) 1689yes(1) 1693ypcat(1) 1694ypmatch(1) 1695yppasswd(1) 1696ypwhich(1) 1697

Index 1699

Trang 17

Both novice users and those familar with the SunOS operating system can use onlineman pages to obtain information about the system and its features A man page isintended to answer concisely the question “What does it do?” The man pages ingeneral comprise a reference manual They are not intended to be a tutorial

■ Section 3 describes functions found in various libraries, other than those functionsthat directly invoke UNIX system primitives, which are described in Section 2

■ Section 4 outlines the formats of various files The C structure declarations for thefile formats are given where applicable

■ Section 5 contains miscellaneous documentation such as character-set tables

■ Section 6 contains available games and demos

■ Section 7 describes various special files that refer to specific hardware peripheralsand device drivers STREAMS software drivers, modules and the

STREAMS-generic set of system calls are also described

Trang 18

■ Section 9 provides reference information needed to write device drivers in thekernel environment It describes two device driver interface specifications: theDevice Driver Interface (DDI) and the Driver⁄Kernel Interface (DKI).

■ Section 9E describes the DDI/DKI, DDI-only, and DKI-only entry-point routines adeveloper can include in a device driver

■ Section 9F describes the kernel functions available for use by device drivers

■ Section 9S describes the data structures used by drivers to share informationbetween the driver and the kernel

Below is a generic format for man pages The man pages of each manual sectiongenerally follow this order, but include only needed headings For example, if thereare no bugs to report, there is no BUGS section See the intro pages for moreinformation and detail about each section, and man(1) for more information about manpages in general

functions documented, followed by a briefdescription of what they do

SYNOPSIS This section shows the syntax of commands or

functions When a command or file does not exist

in the standard path, its full path name is shown.Options and arguments are alphabetized, withsingle letter arguments first, and options witharguments next, unless a different argument order

is required

The following special characters are used in thissection:

[ ] Brackets The option or argument

enclosed in these brackets is optional Ifthe brackets are omitted, the argumentmust be specified

Ellipses Several values can be provided

for the previous argument, or theprevious argument can be specifiedmultiple times, for example, "filename ."

| Separator Only one of the arguments

separated by this character can bespecified at a time

{ } Braces The options and/or arguments

enclosed within braces areinterdependent, such that everythingenclosed must be treated as a unit

Trang 19

PROTOCOL This section occurs only in subsection 3R to

indicate the protocol description file

DESCRIPTION This section defines the functionality and behavior

of the service Thus it describes concisely what thecommand does It does not discuss OPTIONS orcite EXAMPLES Interactive commands,

subcommands, requests, macros, and functions aredescribed under USAGE

IOCTL This section appears on pages in Section 7 only

Only the device class that supplies appropriateparameters to the ioctl(2) system call is calledioctland generates its own heading ioctl callsfor a specific device are listed alphabetically (on theman page for that specific device) ioctl calls areused for a particular class of devices all of whichhave an io ending, such as mtio(7I)

OPTIONS This secton lists the command options with a

concise summary of what each option does Theoptions are listed literally and in the order theyappear in the SYNOPSIS section Possiblearguments to options are discussed under theoption, and where appropriate, default values aresupplied

OPERANDS This section lists the command operands and

describes how they affect the actions of thecommand

OUTPUT This section describes the output – standard output,

standard error, or output files – generated by thecommand

RETURN VALUES If the man page documents functions that return

values, this section lists these values and describesthe conditions under which they are returned If afunction can return only constant values, such as 0

or –1, these values are listed in tagged paragraphs.Otherwise, a single paragraph describes the returnvalues of each function Functions declared void donot return values, so they are not discussed inRETURN VALUES

ERRORS On failure, most functions place an error code in

the global variable errno indicating why theyfailed This section lists alphabetically all errorcodes a function can generate and describes theconditions that cause each error When more than

Trang 20

one condition can cause the same error, eachcondition is described in a separate paragraphunder the error code.

USAGE This section lists special rules, features, and

commands that require in-depth explanations Thesubsections listed here are used to explain built-infunctionality:

CommandsModifiersVariablesExpressionsInput GrammarEXAMPLES This section provides examples of usage or of how

to use a command or function Wherever possible acomplete example including command-line entryand machine response is shown Whenever anexample is given, the prompt is shown asexample%, or if the user must be superuser,example# Examples are followed by explanations,variable substitution rules, or returned values Mostexamples illustrate concepts from the SYNOPSIS,DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, and USAGE sections.ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES This section lists any environment variables that

the command or function affects, followed by abrief description of the effect

EXIT STATUS This section lists the values the command returns to

the calling program or shell and the conditions thatcause these values to be returned Usually, zero isreturned for successful completion, and valuesother than zero for various error conditions

FILES This section lists all file names referred to by the

man page, files of interest, and files created orrequired by commands Each is followed by adescriptive summary or explanation

ATTRIBUTES This section lists characteristics of commands,

utilities, and device drivers by defining theattribute type and its corresponding value Seeattributes(5) for more information

SEE ALSO This section lists references to other man pages,

in-house documentation, and outside publications

Trang 21

DIAGNOSTICS This section lists diagnostic messages with a brief

explanation of the condition causing the error.WARNINGS This section lists warnings about special conditions

which could seriously affect your workingconditions This is not a list of diagnostics

NOTES This section lists additional information that does

not belong anywhere else on the page It takes theform of an aside to the user, covering points ofspecial interest Critical information is nevercovered here

possible, suggests workarounds

Trang 22

Trang 23

Introduction

Trang 24

Intro – introduction to commands and application programsThis section describes, in alphabetical order, commands available with this operatingsystem.

Pages of special interest are categorized as follows:

1B Commands found only in the SunOS/BSD Compatibility Package.

1C Commands for communicating with other systems

1F Commands associated with Form and Menu Language Interpreter

(FMLI)

1S Commands specific to the SunOS system

See these sections of the man pages section 1M: System Administration Commands for

more information

■ Section 1M in this manual for system maintenance commands

■ Section 4 of this manual for information on file formats

■ Section 5 of this manual for descriptions of publicly available files andmiscellaneous information pages

■ Section 6 in this manual for computer demonstrations

For tutorial information about these commands and procedures, see:

■ Solaris Advanced User’s Guide

Unless otherwise noted, commands described in the SYNOPSIS section of a manualpage accept options and other arguments according to the following syntax andshould be interpreted as explained below

name [-option ] [cmdarg ] where:

[ ] Surround an option or cmdarg that is not required.

Indicates multiple occurrences of the option or cmdarg.

name The name of an executable file

{ } The options and/or arguments enclosed within braces are

interdependent, such that everything enclosed must be treated as aunit

option (Always preceded by a “−”.) noargletter or, argletter optarg[, ]

noargletter A single letter representing an option without an option-argument

Note that more than one noargletter option can be grouped after

one “−” (Rule 5, below)

argletter A single letter representing an option requiring an

Trang 25

optarg An option-argument (character string) satisfying a preceding

argletter Note that groups of optargs following an argletter must be

separated by commas, or separated by a tab or space character andquoted (Rule 8, below)

cmdarg Path name (or other command argument) not beginning with “−”,

or “−” by itself indicating the standard input

These command syntax rules are not followed by all current commands, but all newcommands will obey them getopts(1) should be used by all shell procedures toparse positional parameters and to check for legal options It supports Rules 3-10below The enforcement of the other rules must be done by the command itself

1 Command names (name above) must be between two and nine characters long.

2 Command names must include only lower-case letters and digits

3 Option names (option above) must be one character long.

4 All options must be preceded by “−”

5 Options with no arguments may be grouped after a single “−”

6 The first option-argument (optarg above) following an option must be preceded by

a tab or space character

7 Option-arguments cannot be optional

8 Groups of option-arguments following an option must either be separated bycommas or separated by tab or space character and quoted (−o xxx,z,yy or − o

"xxx z yy")

9 All options must precede operands (cmdarg above) on the command line.

10 “− −” may be used to indicate the end of the options

11 The order of the options relative to one another should not matter

12 The relative order of the operands (cmdarg above) may affect their significance in

ways determined by the command with which they appear

13 “−” preceded and followed by a space character should only be used to meanstandard input

See attributes(5) for a discussion of the attributes listed in this section

getopts(1), wait(1), exit(2), getopt(3C), wait(3UCB), attributes(5)Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status, one supplied by thesystem and giving the cause for termination, and (in the case of “normal” termination)one supplied by the program [see wait(3UCB) and exit(2)] The former byte is 0 fornormal termination; the latter is customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero

to indicate troubles such as erroneous parameters, or bad or inaccessible data It iscalled variously “exit code”, “exit status”, or “return code”, and is described onlywhere special conventions are involved

Trang 26

Some commands produce unexpected results when processing files containing nullcharacters These commands often treat text input lines as strings and thereforebecome confused upon encountering a null character (the string terminator) within aline.

Intro(1)

WARNINGS

26 man pages section 1: User Commands • Last Revised 1 Nov 1999

Trang 27

User Commands

Trang 28

acctcom – search and print process accounting files

acctcom [-abfhikmqrtv] [-C sec] [-e time] [-E time] [-g group]

[-H factor] [-I chars] [-l line] [-n pattern] [-o output-file] [-O sec]

[-s time] [-S time] [-u user] [filename…]

The acctcom utility reads filenames, the standard input, or /var/adm/pacct, in the

form described by acct(3HEAD) and writes selected records to standard output Eachrecord represents the execution of one process The output shows the COMMAND NAME,USER, TTYNAME, START TIME, END TIME, REAL (SEC), CPU (SEC), MEAN SIZE(K), and optionally, F (the fork()/exec() flag: 1 for fork() without exec()),STAT(the system exit status), HOG FACTOR, KCORE MIN, CPU FACTOR, CHARSTRNSFD, and BLOCKS READ (total blocks read and written)

A ‘#’ is prepended to the command name if the command was executed withsuper-user privileges If a process is not associated with a known terminal, a ‘?’ isprinted in the TTYNAME field

If no filename is specified, and if the standard input is associated with a terminal or

/dev/null(as is the case when using ‘&’ in the shell), /var/adm/pacct is read;otherwise, the standard input is read

If any filename arguments are given, they are read in their respective order Each file is

normally read forward, that is, in chronological order by process completion time Thefile /var/adm/pacct is usually the current file to be examined; a busy system mayneed several such files of which all but the current file are found in

/var/adm/pacctincr.

The following options are supported:

-a Show some average statistics about the processes selected The

statistics will be printed after the output records

-b Read backwards, showing latest commands first This option has

no effect when standard input is read

-f Print the fork()/exec() flag and system exit status columns in

the output The numeric output for this option will be in octal.-h Instead of mean memory size, show the fraction of total available

CPU time consumed by the process during its execution This “hogfactor” is computed as (total CPU time)/(elapsed time)

-i Print columns containing the I/O counts in the output

-k Instead of memory size, show total kcore-minutes

-m Show mean core size (the default)

-q Do not print any output records, just print the average statistics as

with the -a option

-r Show CPU factor (user-time/(system-time + user-time))

Trang 29

-t Show separate system and user CPU times.

-v Exclude column headings from the output

-Csec Show only processes with total CPU time (system-time +

user-time) exceeding sec seconds.

-etime Select processes existing at or before time.

-Etime Select processes ending at or before time Using the same time for

both -S and -E shows the processes that existed at time.

-ggroup Show only processes belonging to group The group may be

designated by either the group ID or group name

-Hfactor Show only processes that exceed factor, where factor is the “hog

factor” as explained in option -h above

-Ichars Show only processes transferring more characters than the cutoff

number given by chars.

-lline Show only processes belonging to terminal /dev/term/line.-npattern Show only commands matching pattern that may be a regular

expression as in regcmp(3C), except + means one or moreoccurrences

-ooutput-file Copy selected process records in the input data format to

output-file; suppress printing to standard output.

-Osec Show only processes with CPU system time exceeding sec seconds.

-stime Select processes existing at or after time, given in the format

hr [ :min [ :sec ] ].

-Stime Select processes starting at or after time.

-uuser Show only processes belonging to user The user may be specified

by a user ID, a login name that is then converted to a user ID, ‘#’(which designates only those processes executed with superuserprivileges), or ‘?’ (which designates only those processesassociated with unknown user IDs)

/var/adm/pacctincr active processes accounting fileSee attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE

Availability SUNWaccu

acctcom(1)

FILES

ATTRIBUTES

Trang 30

ps(1), acct(1M), acctcms(1M), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), acctprc(1M),acctsh(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), su(1M), acct(2), regcmp(3C),acct(3HEAD), utmp(4), attributes(5)

System Administration Guide: Basic Administration

acctcomreports only on processes that have terminated; use ps(1) for activeprocesses

Trang 31

adb – general-purpose debugger

adb [-kw] [-I dir] [-P prompt] [-V mode] [object [core]]

The adb utility is an interactive, general-purpose debugger It can be used to examinefiles and provides a controlled environment for the execution of programs

The adb utility is now implemented as a link to the mdb(1) utility in Solaris 9 mdb(1)

is a low-level debugging utility that can be used to examine user processes as well asthe live operating system or operating system crash dumps The new mdb(1) utilityprovides complete backwards compatibility with the existing syntax and features ofadb, including support for processing adb macro files The Solaris Modular Debugger

Guide and mdb(1) man page describes the features of mdb, including its adb

compatibility mode This mode will be activated by default when the adb link isexecuted

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

Availability SUNWmdb (32-bit)

Trang 32

addbib – create or extend a bibliographic database

addbib [-a] [-p promptfile] database

When addbib starts up, answering y to the initial Instructions? prompt yieldsdirections Typing n (or RETURN) skips the directions addbib then prompts forvarious bibliographic fields, reads responses from the terminal, and sends output

records to database A null response (just RETURN) means to leave out that field A ‘−’

(minus sign) means to go back to the previous field A trailing backslash allows a field

to be continued on the next line The repeating Continue? prompt allows the usereither to resume by typing y (or RETURN), to quit the current session by typing n or

q, or to edit database with any system editor (see vi(1), ex(1), ed(1))

-a Suppresses prompting for an abstract Asking for an abstract is the

default Abstracts are ended with a Control−D

-ppromptfile Uses a new prompting skeleton, defined in promptfile This file

should contain prompt strings, a TAB, and the key-letters to be

written to the database.

The most common key-letters and their meanings are given below addbib insulatesyou from these key-letters, since it gives you prompts in English, but if you edit thebibliography file later on, you will need to know this information

%B Book containing article referenced

%C City (place of publication)

%D Date of publication

%E Editor of book containing article referenced

%F Footnote number or label (supplied by refer)

%G Government order number

%H Header commentary, printed before reference

%I Issuer (publisher)

%J Journal containing article

%K Keywords to use in locating reference

%L Label field used by -k option of refer

%M Bell Labs Memorandum (undefined)

%N Number within volume

%O Other commentary, printed at end of reference

Trang 33

%Q Corporate or Foreign Author (unreversed)

%R Report, paper, or thesis (unpublished)

%S Series title

%T Title of article or book

%X Abstract — used by roffbib, not by refer

%Y,Z Ignored by refer

EXAMPLE 1Editing the bibliography fileExcept for A, each field should be given just once Only relevant fields should besupplied

Trang 34

alias, unalias – create or remove a pseudonym or shorthand for a command or series

The alias utility creates or redefines alias definitions or writes the values of existingalias definitions to standard output An alias definition provides a string value thatreplaces a command name when it is encountered

An alias definition affects the current shell execution environment and the executionenvironments of the subshells of the current shell When used as specified by thisdocument, the alias definition will not affect the parent process of the current shell norany utility environment invoked by the shell

The unalias utility removes the definition for each alias name specified The aliasesare removed from the current shell execution environment

aliasassigns def to the alias name def is a list of words that may contain escaped history-substitution metasyntax name is not allowed to be alias or unalias If def is omitted, the alias name is displayed along with its current definition If both name and def are omitted, all aliases are displayed.

Because of implementation restrictions, an alias definition must have been entered on

a previous command line before it can be used

unaliasdiscards aliases that match (filename substitution) pattern All aliases may be

removed by ‘unalias *’

aliaswith no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form name=value on standard output An alias is defined for each name whose value is given A trailing space in value causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution The -t flag is used to

set and list tracked aliases The value of a tracked alias is the full pathname

corresponding to the given name The value becomes undefined when the value of

PATHis reset but the aliases remained tracked Without the -t flag, for each name in

Trang 35

the argument list for which no value is given, the name and value of the alias is printed The -x flag is used to set or print exported aliases An exported alias is defined for scripts invoked by name The exit status is non-zero if a name is given, but no value, and no alias has been defined for the name.

The aliases given by the list of names may be removed from the alias list with

unalias.The following option is supported by unalias:

-a Removes all alias definitions from the current shell execution environment.The following option is supported by alias:

-t Sets and lists tracked aliases

The following operands are supported:

alias-name Write the alias definition to standard output

alias-name The name of an alias to be removed

alias-name=string Assign the value of string to the alias alias-name.

If no operands are given, all alias definitions will be written to standard output

The format for displaying aliases (when no operands or only name operands are

specified) is:

"%s=%s\n" name, value The value string will be written with appropriate quoting so that it is suitable for

reinput to the shell

EXAMPLE 1Modifying a command’s outputThis example specifies that the output of the ls utility is columnated and moreannotated:

example% alias ls="ls −CF"

EXAMPLE 2Repeating previous entries in the command history fileThis example creates a simple “redo” command to repeat previous entries in thecommand history file:

example% alias r=’fc −s’

EXAMPLE 3Specifying a command’s output optionsThis example provides that the du utility summarize disk output in units of 1024bytes:

Trang 36

EXAMPLE 3Specifying a command’s output options (Continued)

example% alias du=du −k

EXAMPLE 4Dealing with an argument that is itself an alias nameThis example sets up the nohup utility so that it can deal with an argument that isitself an alias name:

example% alias nohup="nohup "

See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables that affect theexecution of alias and unalias: LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH

The following exit values are returned:

0 Successful completion

>0 One of the alias-name operands specified did not have an alias definition, or

an error occurred

>0 One of the alias-name operands specified did not represent a valid alias

definition, or an error occurred

Trang 37

allocate – device allocation

allocate [-s] [-U uname] device

allocate [-s] [-U uname] -g dev-type

allocate [-s] [-U uname] -F device

The allocate utility manages the ownership of devices through its allocationmechanism It ensures that each device is used by only one qualified user at a time

The device argument specifies the device to be manipulated To preserve the integrity

of the device’s owner, the allocate operation is executed on all the device special filesassociated with that device

The argument dev−type is the device type to be operated on and can only be used with

the -g option

The default allocate operation allocates the device special files associated with device to

the uid of the current process

If the -F option is specified, the device cleaning program is executed when allocation

is performed This cleaning program is found in /etc/security/lib The name of

this program is found in the device_allocate(4) entry for the device in the dev−exec

field

Only authorized users may allocate a device The required authorizations are specified

in device_allocate(4)

-gdev −type Allocates a non−allocated device with a device−type matching

dev −type.

-s Silent Suppresses any diagnostic output

-Fdevice Reallocates the device allocated to another user This option is

often used with -U to reallocate a specific device to a specific user.Only a user with the solaris.devices.revoke authorization

is permitted to use this option

-Uuname Uses the user ID uname instead of the user ID of the current

process when performing the allocate operation Only a user withthe solaris.devices.revoke authorization is permitted to usethis option

The following exit values are returned:

non—zero An error occurred

/etc/security/device_allocate/etc/security/device_maps

Trang 38

/etc/security/lib/*

Availability SUNWcsu

deallocate(1), list_devices(1), bsmconv(1M), dminfo(1M),device_allocate(4), device_maps(4), attributes(5)The functionality described in this man page is available only if the Basic SecurityModule (BSM) has been enabled See bsmconv(1M) for more information

Trang 39

amt – run abstract machine test

amt [-s]

The amt command is for use in a Common Criteria security certified system Thecommand is used to verify that the low level functions necessary to enforce the objectreuse requirements of the Controlled Access Protection Profile are working correctly./usr/bin/amtis a shell script that executes tests specific to your system For a 32–bitsystem, the tests run as a 32–bit application For a 64–bit system, the tests run twice;once as a 32–bit application and once as a 64–bit application

amtlists test results with a "pass" or "fail" for each test it performs, unless output issuppressed with the -s option

The following option is supported:

s Suppresses output

The following error values are returned:

0 All tests passed

>0 Count of the number of tests that failed

<0 Incorrect command line argument

Availability SUNWcsu (32-bit), SUNWcsxu (64-bit) Interface Stability Evolving

Trang 40

answerbook2 – online documentation system

/usr/dt/bin/answerbook2 [-h]

The AnswerBook2 server product is no longer included with Solaris or the SolarisDocumentation CD products Solaris docmentation is now provided in HTML andPDF format on the Documentation CD and does not require the AnswerBook2 server

to be viewed

The answerbook2 utility opens the default web browser and displays an HTML pagethat shows a link to locally installed documentation, and, if the AnswerBook2 serverhas been defined, a link to AnswerBook2 collections

To define a default AnswerBook2 server, use the environment variable,AB2_DEFAULTSERVER

This functionality is also accessible through the AnswerBook2 option on the CDE frontpanel Help menu

If you need an AnswerBook2 server, you can download the AnswerBook2 serversoftware from http://www.sun.com

The following option is supported:

-h Displays a usage statement

AB2_DEFAULTSERVER Fully-qualified URL that identifies the default

AnswerBook2 server to use For example:

http://imaserver.eng.sun.com:8888/

Availability http://www.sun.com

attributes(5)Use the online Help system to find out more about the AnswerBook2 product, oncethe web browser is opened and the AnswerBook2 library can be viewed

Định dạng
Số trang	217
Dung lượng	0,92 MB