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cambridge english vocabulary in use upper intermediate advanced phần 7 ppt

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Complete the following sentences using an appropriate expression from D.. Expressions with bring and take Here are some common phrasal verbs with bring.. Make up a ripple diagram like th

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Take this prescription to the chemist and she’ll make it up for you

Can you make out the little grey house on the shore?

A human being is made up of many, often conflicting, desires

If you do up the newspapers, I’ll take them to be recycled

I find it impossible to make Jo out

Let’s advertise the talk in the hope of making up the numbers a bit

He made out that he had never loved anyone else

We’re planning to do up our bathroom at the weekend

Add the necessary prepositions or particles to complete this story

Last weekend we decided to start doing (1) our bedroom We agreed that we could do (2) the old fireplace In the corner As we began to remove it from the wall we found some old pictures done (3) in a bundle behind a loose brick At first we could not make (4) what was in the pictures but we wiped them clean and realised they all depicted the same young man We spent an enjoyable evening making

c TH nh ky ve (5) stories to explain why the pictures had been hidden,

Correct the mistakes in the sentences below Either the wrong preposition has been used or the word order is wrong

1 This weekend we are planning to make the seaside for

2 Vast amounts of money do not always make of happiness

3 He makes up for anyone he thinks can help him

4 Your shoelaces are untied Do up them or you’ll trip

5 They like to make away that they have important connections

Write word forks (see Unit 2) to help you learn the meanings of make up, make out, do with and do up

Divide the expressions in D opposite into any groups which will help you to learn them Complete the following sentences using an appropriate expression from D

Pactfist posters In the 1960s used to say 'MAKE LOVE NOT Ụ

It doesn’t matter if you pass or not as long as you do

Though many companies are going bankrupt, ours made a huge Mrs Thatcher said she could do Mr Gorbachev

You must make the fact that he’s only seven years old

Dressing smartly for an interview helps you to make

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Expressions with bring and take

Here are some common phrasal verbs with bring Each is exemplified in a typical spoken sentence and a more formal equivalent is provided in brackets

I was brought up in the country [raise]

Don’t give up I’m sure you'll bring it off [succeed]

Cold winds always bring on her cough [cause to start]

The strike brought about a change of government [cause to happen|

I hope they don’t bring back capital punishment _ [re-introduce]

They promised to bring down taxes but have they? {lower]

Inflation will bring down the government [destroy, remove from power]

Ford are bringing out an interesting new model in the spring [introduce]

Keep at it and you’ll bring him round to your point of view [persuade]

Here are some common phrasal verbs with take

Doesn’t he take after his father! [resemble|

I wish I could take back what I said to her [withdraw]

I find it very hard to take in his lectures [absorb, understand]

She was completely taken in by him [deceive]

Sales have really taken off now [start to improve]

The plane took off two hours late _ [left the ground]

She’s very good at taking off her teacher [imitate]

We’ll have to take on more staff if we’re to take on more work [employ; undertake] She took to him at once [form an immediate liking for]

When did you take up golf? [start (a hobby)]

Here are some other common idioms with bring and take

The new regulations will be brought into force in May [become law]

His research brought some very interesting facts to light [revealed]

Matters were brought to a head when Pat was sacked [reached a point where changes had to be made]

It’s better that everything should be brought into the open [made public]

His new girlfriend has really brought out the best in him [been good for him]

Don’t let him take advantage of you [unfairly use superiority]

After 20 years of marriage they take each other for granted [don’t appreciate each other’s qualities]

1 took it for granted you’d come [assumed]

She immediately took control of the situation [started organising]

His words took my breath away [surprised]

She loves taking care of small children [looking after, caring for]

We took part in a demonstration last Saturday [participated]

The story takes place in Mexico [happens]

He doesn’t seem to take pride in his work [draw satisfaction from]

Mother always takes everything in her stride [copes calmly]

172 English Vocabulary in Use

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Complete these sentences with the appropriate preposition

1 The new school reforms which plan to bring regular exams for young children are generally unpopular

2 The long journey brought labour and the baby was born on the bus

3 Ithink the strikes wIll bring - some changes in management

4 If anyone can bring it , he can

$ He won't agree to it for me but she can always bring him .

6 She brought six children all on her own

The diagram below can be called a ripple diagram Can you complete it?

Reword these sentences using expressions from C opposite

The story of the film happens in Casablanca during the war

Today’s newspaper has revealed some fascinating information about the Prime Minister The situation reached crisis point when the union called for a strike

How does she always manage to be so calm about things?

The view from the place was astonishing

He capitalised on her weakness at the time and she sold it to him

The main function of a nurse is to look after the sick

You shouldn’t assume that anyone or anything will always be the same

Reply to these questions using one of the phrasal verbs in A or B opposite

What is the Conservative Party promising in its manifesto?

How did you like her?

What causes your rash?

Who does your little boy resemble?

Have you any special hobbies?

How’s your new business doing?

What is a mimic?

Do you think you’ll manage to persuade him to let you come?

Make up a ripple diagram like the one in 86.2, based on phrasal verbs with bring

Which of the expressions in C mean the opposite of:

1 to keep quiet 3 to disregard 5 to be careless about

2 to look on 4 to drop an old law 6 to be subordinate to

English Vocabulary in Use 173

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Expressions with get

Get seems to be used all the time in spoken English It has the following basic meanings:

¢ receive, obtain or buy something, e.g Please get me a newspaper when you’re in town;

1 got a letter from John today; She got top marks in her exam

® show a change in position — move or be moved, e.g How are you getting home tonight?

¢ show a change in state ~ become or make, e.g We are all getting older if not wiser Get also has a number of other more specific meanings

It’s my turn to get dinner tonight [prepare a meal]

I don’t get it Why did he speak like that? [understand]

His behaviour really gets me at times [annoy]

The table below shows just some of the phrasal verbs based on get

reach, find

do something wrong without being caught fail to produce some- thing at the right time manage (financially) depress

begin to give serious attention to

manage advance, develop avoid a responsibility recover from

spread

come to a successful end

use up all of

to do (especially something bad)

I hope the enquiry will get at the truth

The robbers got away with several thousand pounds

I’ve got terribly behind with my work

We could never get by on my salary alone This weather is really getting me down

It’s time you got down to some work

However will we get on without you?

Jo is getting on very well at school now

VII try and get out of my lesson tomorrow She’s getting over a bad attack of flu

The rumour soon got round the whole village What a relief that she got through all her

Here are some other expressions based on get

You seem to have got out of bed on the wrong side today

The meeting got off to a good/bad start with JR’s speech

Pm organising a little get-together I hope you can come

When their relationship ended he got rid of everything that reminded him of her

away, destroyed]

I'm going to get my own back on her somehow

English Vocabulary in Use

{be in a bad mood]

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There are a lot of instances of get in this text Replace them all with another way of

conveying the same idea Notice that by doing this you are changing the text from something very informal to something slightly more formal

I don’t often get interesting advertising circulars these days However, quite an unusual one came this morning It was headed ‘Are you worried about getting out of touch?’ And it went

on, ‘If so, get some of our.special tablets today Taking just one in the morning will help you get on well at work and at home It will stop little problems from getting you down and will ensure that you get rich and successful with the minimum of effort on your behalf Send just

$25 today and you will get your tablets and your key to success within ten days.’

Fill in the blanks in the sentences below in the most appropriate way

1 Although they had only told their parents about their engagement, the news soon got bee e ete deee te nceeeenetetaas the village

2 She must have made a good impression last week because she has got Tnhh kh thê

to the second round of interviews for the post

3 J love watching TV cookery programmes but when they describe a recipe, it can be hard

; 0= all the details in time

4 We get .cccee tcc only because we live very economically

$ _ What have you been getting since we last met?

6 Surely you haven”t got cc co all the biscuits already?

Match the situations in list A with the appropriate expressions in list B

A 1 Someone has been very impolite to one of your friends 4°

Someone is about to throw something away

Someone is being very bad-tempered 4

Someone has done something very unkind to you 8

A good friend is leaving

I don’t know how we’ll get by without you!

You wait! P’ll get my own back on you one day!

Don’t get rid of that yet!

You got out of bed on the wrong side this morning!

Your rudeness really gets me!

Complete the following sentences in any appropriate way

1 J should hate to get rid of

2 The dinner got off to a bad start when

3 I find it very hard to get down to

4 J wish I could get out of

5 J don’t think she has got over

6 .is really getting me down,

There are a number of other common phrasal verbs and expressions based on get not listed

on the opposite page Write example sentences using any that you can think of,

English Vocabulary in Use 175

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88 Expressions with set and put |

mg 3

casa tensa oun

D Notice also the following common expressions with put

mm a ae

176

Look at the examples of following phrasal verbs based on set

You should set aside some money for a rainy day _ [reserve]

He tried to set aside his dislike of his daughter’s fiancé [ignore (not think about)]

We should set off before dawn to get there on time [begin a journey]

The redundancies set off strikes throughout the area [cause]

The bank helps people wanting to set up business [establish]

He set out to climb Everest [begin work with a particular aim in mind]

Here are some of the many phrasal verbs with put

He put his own name forward to the committee [propose]

He’s good at putting his ideas across [communicate to others]

Please put away all your toys at once [tidy]

He is always putting her down [make someone look small]

We had central heating put in last year _ [install]

I’m going to put in an application for that job [submit]

Every now and then she would put in a remark _ [interject]

They’ve put off making their decision for another week [postpone]

Her sniffing really puts me off my dinner [discourage]

The school is putting Hamlet on next year [present]

He’s good at putting on all sorts of accents [pretend to have]

The fireman quickly put out the fire [extinguish]

Please don’t let me put you out [inconvenience]

You’re not allowed to put up posters here [fix]

I can put you up for the weekend [give accommodation to]

The government is sure to put up taxes soon _ [raise]

How do you put up with such rudeness? [tolerate]

Here are some more expressions with set

He has set his heart/sights on becoming a ballet dancer [longs to become (an important aim/goal)]

They sat up till the small hours setting the world to rights [discussing important

Did someone set fire to the house deliberately? [put a match to] Be7 Fees

The house was set on fire by a match thrown onto some old newspapers [ignited} ˆ

Di had never set foot in Italy before [been to]

Jill is very set in her ways [fixed in her habits]

Try to set a good example [be a good example for others]

to put your foot down: to be firm about something

to put all your eggs in one basket: to risk all you have on a single venture

to put your mind to: to direct all your thoughts towards

to put two and two together: to draw an obvious conclusion

to put something in a nutshell: to state something accurately and in a few words only

to put someone’s back up: to irritate someone

a put-up job: something arranged to give a false impression

English Vocabulary in Use

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1 They have recently set up a committee on teenage smoking

2 We try to set aside some money for our holiday every week

3 Set aside all your negative feelings and listen with an open mind

4 If we hadn’t set off so late, we would have arrived on time

5 The government’s unpopular proposals set off a wave of protests

Write down three nouns which could follow each of the verbs Remember that their

meanings might be different depending on the noun which follows

Example: put in money / a comment / a telephone system

1 put out 3 put off 5 put up 7 put away

2 put forward 4 put across 6 put on 8 put up with

Complete the responses to the following statements or questions using any appropriate phrasal verb from A or B opposite

Example: He’s always so rude | wouldn't put up with it if | were you

How should we publicise our play?

This room is in a terrible mess

What time do we have to leave for the airport tomorrow?

Any chance of a bed on your floor this weekend?

Why have you suddenly lost interest in the project?

What is Geoff planning to do when he gets his business degree?

He never wants to do anything in a new or different way

He’s bound to draw the obvious conclusion if you keep on behaving like that

Her aim is to become Prime Minister

I find her terribly irritating

It’s sound business advice not to risk everything at once

Please concentrate on the problem in hand

She is determined to get a seat in Parliament

She threw petrol on the rubbish and put a match to it

She’s very good at stating things succinctly

10 The building started burning because of terrorist action

11 This is the first time I’ve ever been to the southern hemisphere

12 We spent most of our evenings discussing the problems of the world rather than

studying

13 You really should be firm with him or there’ll be trouble later

14 If the teacher doesn’t behave properly, the children certainly won’t

Choose ten of the phrasal verbs and other expressions with set and put which you

particularly want to learn and write them down in example sentences of your own

English Vocabulary in Use 177

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89 Expressions with come and go

Here are some phrasal verbs based on come

Did the meeting you were planning ever come off? [take place]

I don’t think his jokes ever quite come off [succeed]

When do the exam results come out? [be published, made public]

The mark on the carpet won’t come out [be removed]

An important point came up at the meeting [was raised]

Please come round and see me sometime [pay an informal visit]

Nothing can come between him and football [separate; be a barrier between]

I came across a lovely old vase in that junk shop [found by chance]

How did you come by that bruise / that car? _[receive, obtain]

Notice the large number of expressions with come to (usually with an idea of arriving at) and come into (often with an idea of starting) Where the meaning isn’t obvious, help is given in brackets

come to: an agreement / a conclusion / a standstill [stop] / an end / a decision / blows [to start fighting] / to terms with [acknowledge and accept psychologically] / one’s senses [to become conscious after fainting or to become sensible after behaving foolishly]

come into: bloom / flower / contact / a fortune / money / a legacy / operation [start working] / sight / view / power [of a political party] / existence / fashion / use Here are some phrasal verbs based on go Some have a number of different meanings

Go on: What is going on next door? [happening]; They went on working despite the noise [continued]; As the weeks went on, things improved [passed]; You go on, we’ll catch you up later [go in advance]; The oven should go on at six [start operating]; He’s always going on at me about my hair [complaining]

Go through: I wouldn’t like to go through that again [experience, endure]; Let’s go through the plans once more [check]; Unfortunately, the business deal we were hoping for did not go through in the end [was not completed or approved]; He went through

a fortune in one weekend [spent, used]

Go for: He really went for her when she dared to criticise him [attack]; He goes for older women [is attracted by]; Which course Have you decided to go for? [choose]

Those shoes don’t go with that dress [suit, match]

The alarm went off when the burglars tried to open the door [rang]

He would never go back on his word [break a promise]

D_sHere are some expressions based on go

Let me havea go! [Let me have a turn or try!]

I hope they’ll make a go of the business [make a success of]

He’s been on the go all day and he’s exhausted [very busy, on the move]

It goes without saying that we’ll all support you [clear without being said]

Your work is good, as far as it goes [but is limited or insufficient]

The story goes that they were once very close friends _ [It is said that ]

I’m sure she'll go far [be very successful]

They went to great lengths to keep it a secret [took a lot of trouble]

The business has gone bankrupt [not got enough money to pay debts]

178 English Vocabulary in Use

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RK He went on composing music till his eighties continued

She was so suspicious that she used to go through his pockets every night

The dog went for the postman

The actor’s interpretation of Hamlet was interesting but it didn’t quite come off

He has a new book coming out in June

I wish you’d stop going on at ine!

I was sure he’d go for a sports car

I went through three pairs of tights this weekend

Choose one of the expressions in B to complete each of the sentences,

I love it in spring when my cherry tree COMES 2.000 cece eee teceeee eee e tees

Halfway up the h/ll, the bus came c,

They say that long skirts are cCOming co cà: again

The telephone Íirst Came€ 22222111 hà over a hundred years ago They disagreed so strongly that I was afraid they”d come

As we rounded the corner the house came ccc c2:

Replace the underlined expressions with one of the expressions in D

I don’t need to say that we wish you all the best in the future

They took great pains to avoid meeting each other

I’ve been moving around all day and I’m longing for a shower now

His school-teachers always said that he would be a success in life

I don’t think you’ll be able to push the car on your own Let me try

The film is quite good up to a point but it doesn’t tackle the problem deeply enough Which answer on the right fits each question on the left?

Why is she looking so miserable? Any time after eight

Did anything new come up at the meeting? The firm went bankrupt

When does your alarm clock usually go off? A bit of a fight, I think

What’s the worst pain you’ve ever gone through? _ From a doting aunt

How did he come by so much money? Seven thirty, normally

When should I come round to your place? Only Jack’s proposal

What’s going on over there? When I pulled a ligament Complete the following sentences in any appropriate way

A I’m sure they’ll make a go of their new clothes boutique because

The stain won’t come out unless you

Those shoes don’t go with

I never want to go through

As the party went on

It is not easy to come to terms with

The interview committee came to the conclusion that

I came across not only some old letters in the attic

English Vocabulary in Use 179

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90 Expressions with look |

This diagram illustrates some of the most useful phrasal verbs formed with look The meaning of the phrasal verb is given in brackets

up to He has always looked up to his elder brother [respect]

into The police are looking into the case _ [investigate]

for Could you help me look for my keys, please? [try to find]

back on I look back on my schooldays with great pleasure _ [recall]

look up Look her town up in the atlas [find information in a book]

after She is very good at looking after her sister [take care of]

forward to ‘I’m looking forward to starting work [expect with pleasure]

on Look on this day off as a reward for your hard work [consider] out If you don’t look out he’ll take your job from you [take care] Here are a few more useful phrasal verbs based on look All of them are illustrated below in

a business context but they can also, of course, be used in other situations

Please look through the proposal and let me know what you think [examine]

I’ve looked over your proposal but I still need to read the fine print [examined quickly] Business is looking up at last [starting to improve]

When you go to New York, be sure to look up our representative there _ [find and visit]

We are looking to the Far East for an increase in sales [depending on]

The company seems to be looking ahead to a bright future [planning for the future] Here are some other useful expressions based on look

Try to look on the bright side of things [be cheerful in spite of difficulties]

He’s beginning to look his age [appear as old as he really is]

They’re always on the lookout for new talent [searching for]

I don’t like the look of those black clouds [what I see suggests trouble ahead]

There’s going to be a heavy thunderstorm, by the look(s) of it [It appears probable

(This expression usually comes at the end of the sentence.)]

I know she’s hiding something when she won’t look me in the eye [look directly at someone without fear or guilt]

The officer looked the men up and down and then started to tell them what he thought of them in no uncertain terms [inspect closely in order to judge]

Everyone hates being made to look small [appear unimportant or silly]

She looks down her nose at anyone who is no good at sport [regards as unimportant or socially inferior]

It’s not much to look at but it’s comfortable [not attractive in appearance]

The office has been given a new look over the weekend [a fresh and more up-to-date

appearance]

Look before you leap [Think before you act boldly.]

180 English Vocabulary in Use

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What words do you need to complete the sentences below?

1 Ilook that summer with some regrets

2 He has a great respect for his colleagues but he doesn't really look his boss

3 You re going to London? Do look my sister when you’re there

4 A government inquiry is looking the cause of the accident

$ We are looking you to bring the company successfully out of the recession

6 I’m sorry to hear you lost your job I do hope that things will look for you soon

7 Six nurses look the patients in this ward

Match the statements or questions on the left with the responses to them on the right The first one has been done

1 Try to look on the bright side of things Why, what do you expect to happen?

2 Look out! I thought it was time I had a new look

3 Why don’t you think she’s honest? You’d never think she was a grandmother

4 She certainly doesn’t look her age Why, what’s the

5 I don’t like the look of the situation She'll be lucky at the moment

6 She’s on the lookout for a new job She never looks you in the eye

7 What have you done to your hair? It’s rather hard in the circumstances Complete the sentences below in any logical way

Example: 1 must look up their number in the phone book

I’m really looking forward to

It’s wrong to look down on

The book looks back on

When I look ahead

If you have time tonight, please look over

He appears to be in need of a good night’s sleep

The headteacher inspected the children and then nodded her approval

No-one likes being made to appear foolish

The garden isn’t very attractive now but it’s lovely in summer

The expression on his face seems rather ominous

Try to remain optimistic if you possibly can

Write three nouns that are likely to be found after each of the phrasal verbs below

1 look for 2 look after 3 look through 4 look to

English Vocabulary in Use 181

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©Ï Miscellaneous expressions

A The units which deal with phrasal verbs and other expressions present only a small number

R of the expressions that exist There are many others based on both the basic verbs focused on

in Units 84-90 and on a whole range of other verbs This unit looks at some other verbs, giving examples of a few of the phrasal verbs and expressions connected with them

See

I must see about/to arrangements for the conference [deal with]

They’ve gone to see Jim off at the airport [go with someone about to set off on a journey] It’s easy to see through his behaviour [not be deceived by]

It’s sometimes hard to see the wood for the trees [get a clear view of the whole of something because of distracting details]

Do you think you could see your way to lending me a fiver? _ [feel it was possible to]

I must be seeing things [having hallucinations]

Run

Iran into an old friend yesterday [met unexpectedly]

Her patience has run out [come to an end|

Let’s run over the plans again [review]

The children have run me off my feet today [kept me so busy that I’m exhausted]

She runs the business while he looks after the children [manages / has overall responsibility for]

How often do the trains run? [go]

D Turn "

ec There was a very large turnout at the concert [number of people who came]

She turned down their offer of promotion — [refused]

Who do you think turned up last night? [made an appearance, often unexpectedly] I’m going to turn over a new leaf this year [make a fresh start]

It’s your turn to do the washing-up [It’s your duty this time because I did it last time.]

— He did me a good turn [a favour]

He has been let down so many times in the past [disappointed]

He won’t let us into the secret [tell us}

I hope the rain lets up soon [becomes less strong]

Let go of the rope [stop holding] Please let me be [stop bothering me]

She let it slip that she had been given a pay rise [mentioned accidentally or casually]

The car broke down again this morning [stopped working]

There isn’t going to be a wedding — they have broken off their engagement [ended] Burglars broke into our house while we were on holiday [forcibly entered]

I'm dreading breaking the news to him _ [telling him the news]

He has broken her heart [made her deeply unhappy]

The athlete broke the record for the 1000 metres [created a new record|

182 English Vocabulary in Use

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L@US run (1) the plans for tomorrow’s disco just once more First, I

muSt §ee (2) the food arrangements while you make sure that none of the equipment is likely to break (3) I don’t imagine that many people

will turn (4) until later but Nick and Jill have promised to come early

to help us and I’m sure they wonit let us (5) even though Jill let it

¬— bebte tev ebeeeeees (6) the other day that they are thinking of breaking .(7) their engagement

Rewrite the following using the words in brackets

Why does she let herself be deceived by him? (see)

I met Jack by chance at the station yesterday (run)

I cooked the dinner yesterday It’s up to you to do it today (turn)

I thought I was hallucinating when I saw a monkey in the garden (see)

I wish you’d stop bothering me (let)

He told us in secret that they were planning to break into the house (let)

An enormous crowd came to hear the Prime Minister speak (turn)

Complete the sentences in an appropriate way

If the snow doesn’t let up soon

A person who cannot see the wood for the trees does not make a good

Halfway up the mountain he let go

Although the turnout for the meeting was not large

He felt terribly let down when

She didn’t turn up

I’m afraid we’ve run out

He asked if I could see my way

Answer the questions below

1 Have you ever turned down an offer or invitation that you later regretted?

2 Have you ever had problems because of something (a vehicle or a piece of equipment, perhaps) breaking down at an inconvenient time? What happened?

Who really runs the country, in your opinion?

Have you done anyone a good turn today? If so, what did you do?

Which record would you most like to break?

Do you think it is possible for someone’s heart to be broken?

Have you ever resolved to turn over a new leaf? In what way(s)?

Have you any particular jobs that you must see to today? If so, what?

Has your home ever been broken into? What happened?

English Vocabulary in Use 183

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* Grammar words like articles or auxiliary verbs are often left out, e.g EARLY CUT

FORECAST IN INTEREST RATES

® A simple form of the verb is used, e.g QUEEN OPENS HOSPITAL TODAY

¢ The infinitive is used to express the fact that something is going to happen in the future, e.g PRESIDENT TO VISIT MINE

Newspaper headlines use a lot of distinctive vocabulary They prefer words that are usually shorter and generally sound more dramatic than ordinary English words The words marked

* can be used either as nouns or verbs

bid * attempt oust push out blast * explosion plea request blaze * fire pledge * promise boost * incentive, encourage ploy clever activity boss * poll * election / public opinion survey head* manager, director pro robe * investigation g

clash * dispute quit leave, resign curb * restraint, limit riddle mystery cut * reduction strife conflict drama tense situation talks discussions drive * campaign, effort threat danger“

gems jewels vow * promise go-ahead approval wed marry

Newspaper headlines often use abbreviations, e.g PM for Prime Minister, MP for Member

of Parliament (See Unit 98 for more abbreviations.)

Some newspapers also enjoy making jokes in their headlines They do this by playing with words or punning, e.g a wet open air concert in London by the opera singer Luciano Pavarotti was described as:

TORRENTIAL RAIN IN MOST ARIAS | [‘most areas’]

An announcement that a woman working at the Mars chocolate company had got an interesting new job was:

WOMAN FROM MARS TO BE FIRST BRITON IN SPACE Ì (Note that the word ‘Briton’ is almost exclusively found in newspapers.)

English Vocabulary in Use `

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1 PM BACKS PEACE PLAN marriage of famous actress

2 MP SPY DRAMA royal jewels are stolen

3 SPACE PROBE FAILS person who saw crime in danger

4 QUEEN’S GEMS RIDDLE proposal to end war

5 STAR WEDS satellite is not launched

6 KEY WITNESS DEATH THREAT politician sells secrets to enemy

Explain what the following headlines mean in ordinary English

Example: SHOP BLAZE 5 DEAD Five people died in a fire in a shop

MOVE TO CREATE MORE JOBS

GO-AHEAD FOR WATER CURBS

WOMAN QUITS AFTER JOB ORDEAL

POLL PROBES SPENDING HABITS

Example: PM TO CURB SPENDING limit

1 BOOK LINKS MI5 WITH KGB

2 CHANCELLOR CUTS INTEREST RATES

3 BOMB BLASTS CENTRAL LONDON

4 PM PLEDGES BACKING FOR EUROPE

5 PRESIDENT HEADS PEACE MOVES

Would you be interested in the stories under the following headlines? Why (not)?

bank rates fall alt again | boost exports

fraud riddle | | Royal family quits |

Look through some English language newspapers and find some examples of headlines illustrating the points made on the opposite page Beside each headline make a note of what the accompanying story is about Try to find some examples of amusing headlines

English Vocabulary in Use 185

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American spelling is usually simpler For example, British English words ending in -our and

-re, end in -or and -er in American English, e.g colour/color, centre/center There are

differences in individual words too, e.g British ‘plough’ becomes ‘plow’ The American spelling usually tries to correspond more closely to pronunciation

Here are some common US words with their British equivalents

truck lorry elevator _ Lift baggage luggage eraser rubber blow-out puncture apartment flat sidewalk pavement closet wardrobe

trunk (of car) boot kerosene paraffin hood (of car) bonnet Scotch tape sellotape

round trip return candy sweets railway car railway carriage garbage rubbish

engineer (on train) engine driver diaper nappy

baby carriage pram panti-hose tights

when they say: an American means and a Brit means

what a Brit calls: what an American calls:

a bill a (bank) note a check (in a café) the first floor the ground floor the second floor pants trousers underpants potato chips potato crisps french fries purse a handbag a wallet subway an underground railway an underpass vest a waistcoat an undershirt ` wash up wash your hands wash the dishes

English Vocabulary in Use

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