New words Contaminate Pollen Disposal Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Vapour Exaust photochemical Oxygen O Emission Emit Account for Carbon monoxide CO Sulphur S Release Stag Hydrogen fluo
Trang 1English Test 20
Clean air provides us with a healthy supply of oxygen When wastes are poured (1) the atmosphere, the air becomes contaminated and unpleasant to breathe This is air pollution
Water vapour and carbon dioxide occur in the air naturally Examples of air pollution are dust storms, volcanic eruptions, forest fires (2) by lightning, pollen, and marsh gases
A large (3) of air pollution in cities comes from sources other than industry, mainly automobiles, home heating, and garbage disposal
Vehicles also account (4) air pollution in the cities Automobiles exhaust and some industrial processes contain carbon monocide, an odourless gas which cannot be seen or tasted Nitric oxide is another tail – pipe emission that is highly poisonous and may sometimes (5) _ into the even more dangerous nitrogen dioxide Lead andsmoke are emitted in engine exhausts as tiny particles
Smog - originally a combination of smoke and fog – also (6) in the atmosphere when nitrogen oxides and organic gases combine under the influence of sunlight This is photochemical smog It may not sound familiar, but it is commonly found in most major cities (7) _ there are large concentrations of industry and automobiles Industrial smoke stacks throw out sulphur and nitrogen oxide
Burning coal and oil releases other gases harmful (8) _ humans The most serious of these gases is sulphur dioxide In the atmosphere it can (9) _ with water vapour and oxygen to turn into a sulphuric – acid mist Hydrogen fluoride is produced in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers and some metals
Burning garbage and paper wastes pollute the air with unpleasant odours Dangerous chemicals can be released (10) _ burning plastics or hairspray containers
New words
Contaminate Pollen Disposal Nitrogen dioxide ( NO2)
Vapour Exaust photochemical Oxygen ( O )
Emission ( Emit ) Account for Carbon monoxide ( CO) Sulphur ( S )
Release Stag Hydrogen fluoride ( HF ) Sulphur dioxide ( H2SO4 ) Marsh Organic Nitric oxide ( NO) Sulphuric acid ( HF )
Comprehension
1.Paragraph 1 gives you a way of understanding air pollution What is it ? _
2 What two gases occur naturally ? _
3 What are some sources of air pollution in cities ? _
4 How do vehicles pollute the air in cities ? _
6 What does sulphur dioxide combine with water vapour and oxygen turn into ? _
Unit 6: Left – handed traffic
The next topic was one which I have been investigating (1) _ some length – why the English drive on the left – hand side of the road There is only one place in the whole of England (2) _ it is legal to drive on the right ( barring one – way streets ) and that is the passage and court at the Strand entrance to the Savoy Hotel Before leaving New York I put the question to Mr C.S Forester He said the custom was grounded in good sense and (3) _ back to the period when many Londoners travelled to and from on the horseback A horse, said
Mr Forester, is always mounted ( 4) the left side It was a matter of convenience, then that a man coming out
of a shop or house or tavern would have his horse aimed toward the left, (5) _ he’d have to walk into the
mud and slop of the street to mount, and from this practice came the custom of bearing to the left in traffic
Sensible, Mr Forester added that my forefathers, the founders of the American nation, reversed the custom after the Revolution out of sheer perversity
On arriving in London I (6) _ another explanation in a guide book The author of this book said that the Pope and Napoleon were responsible Some years before the resign of Bonaparte, the Pope came to visit Paris
Up to then there had been no rule (7) _ the movement of traffic The authorities , however, decreed that the Parisians should ride or drive on the right – hand side of the street, leaving the left –hand side clear for the movement of the papal carriage Thus a custom was born and, when Bonaparte came along, he made it the law of the land Moreover, as he conquered country (8) _ country, the right – hand rule was put in force in those
Trang 2lands until it became the general thing throughout continental Europe The British, however hating Napoleon, reversed the custom out of sheer perversity
Now I had two conflicting theories and I told them to Nat Gubbins and he said they were both wrong He said that Mr Forester was correct in one detail – the custom really dated back to horseback riding It (9) into being because men on horseback had a practice of running each of other through with swords and since the right hand was usually the sword hand, Englishmen got into the (10) of riding on the left – hand side of the road, the better to slash and thrust Logical
New Word
In good sense Mount Tavern
Conflicting Come into being Slash and thrust
Comprehension
A – Read the following sentences and then choose the Same or Different.
1.In England people can drive on the right in the passage and court at the Strand entrance to the Savoy Hotel 2.The custom of driving on the left dates back to the days when English people went to and from on horseback
3 In a guide book, an English author mentioned that the left–hand rule was put in force by Napoleon Bonaparte 4.Men on horseback used to have a practice of running each other though with swords in their left hands
Unit 7: Being a welcome guest
When people in the US have company or when they are invited (1) a formal or informal get – together they usually make a point of trying to (2) others feel compfortable and relaxed On the whole, they tend to
be informal Man shake hands, but usually (3) _ when they are introduced Male friends and business associates who haven’t seen each other in a while may shake hands when they say hello Women usually don’t shake hands when being introduced (4) _each other When a woman and a man are introduced, shaking hands is
up to the woman Americans rarely shake hands to say goodbye, except on business occasion
American women are used (5) being independent They are used to going places by themselves, earning their own money, and often living alone Sometimes they will ask men for help, but they usually don’t want to be protected Since the women’s movement started, it’s not always clear whether except men to open doors or help them into their coats American women may start conversation (6) men or even ask them to dance
There are a lot of Americans who don’t smoke or drink, and many who don’t want people to do those things in their house It’s always best to ask before you (7) _ up a cigarette, if you are with people you don’t know very well Non – smokers have become more militant about smoking in public places Many restaurants, for instance, have established special sections (8) _ smokers
House guests may bring gifts when they come to visit, and they often offer to help in some ways As a guest , you may want to ask your host or hostess if there’s anything you can do to help in the kitchen In many (9) , the gesture is more important than actually helping You may also want to take your friend out to dinner (10) _ the end of your stay, but it’s not expected for you to do so
New words
3 make a point of doing 6 special section
Comprehension
Exercise 1 True or False
a Americans tend to be informal in get – togethers
b Americans men always shake hands when they meet
c An American woman always shake hands when she is introduced to a man
d Few American women live alone
e American may ask men to dance
f You should always bring alcohol to a dinner
g American men never cook meals in the kitchen
Exercise 5 Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences
1 Sam used to living in Oklahoma, but his company had him transfer to a better position in Georgia
2 We got used to cook our food when we had to live alone
Trang 33 The price of crude oil used to being a great deal lower than now, didn’t it ?
4 Mr Peter used to be thinking of him as the only president of the company
5 Janet finally used to cook on an electric stove after having a gas one for so long