SAT II History Episode 1 Part 4 doc

market D the worsening economic depression in the United States E a federally regulated effort to help the auto industry The correct answer is choice D.. There are several clues in the r

The Compromise of 1850 affected which of the following? (A) California

(B) California and the Utah and New Mexico Territories (C) Kansas and Nebraska Territories

(D) Minnesota Territory (E) Oregon and Washington Territories

Test-Taking Strategy

Knowing at least the area of

the Louisiana Territory

would have helped you

elimi-nate at least two choices in

this question if you needed to

make an educated guess.

The correct answer is choice (B) The Compromise of 1850 affected all the territory received from Mexico at the end of the Mexican War Choice (A) is only partially correct Choice (C) and much of choice (D) were part of the Louisiana Territory Washington Territory was created from part of the Oregon Territory, choice (E), after the Treaty

of 1846 fixed the border with Canada

OREGON TERRITORY MINNESOTA

TERRITORY

IOWA

MO.

ILL

WIS.

INDIAN TERRITORY

WASHINGTON TERRITORY

CALIFORNIA

UTAH TERRITORY

NEW MEXICO TERRITORY

TEXAS

L.A.

ARK.

MISSOURI COMPROMISE LINE-1820

MISS.

NEBRASKA

KANSAS TERRITORY

STRATEGIES FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Visuals can also be the basis of questions that ask you to analyze and interpret data The visuals may be cartoons, maps, charts, graphs, or photographs The following question asks you to analyze data and then recall information in order to answer it

Sales of U.S Passenger Cars, 1915 and 1955

(in millions)

Based on the data in this table, one might conclude that the number of cars sold in 1930 was a consequence of

(A) the mobilization of the automobile industry to fight World War II

(B) a decrease in the price of steel (C) the dumping of Japanese cars in the U.S market (D) the worsening economic depression in the United States

(E) a federally regulated effort to help the auto industry The correct answer is choice (D) First, you need to read the data and decide what it shows—a downturn in car sales Then you need to look for an answer choice that gives a negative cause If you did not immediately connect 1930 with the depression, choice (D), you could try educated guessing and eliminate choices Choice (E) could be eliminated, because it never happened and because it would have, or should have, had a positive effect on car sales by lowering the cost The same two reasons eliminate choice (B) Choices (A) and (C) are negative causes, but the United States did not enter World War II until 1941 and dumping is a later twentieth century international market phenomenon Thinking about time period would have helped you eliminate both of these answer choices

Some questions may ask you not only to analyze information but also to make inferences about it Questions based on quotations are often used to test this kind of ability

CHAPTER 1

“The autumn of 1854 witnessed the erection of the first log-huts by a few families of New England settlers

During the year 1855 its population increased rapidly, chiefly by the arrival of emigrants from the Northern States Its log-hut existence gave way to a more advanced stage, and the growing prosperity early began to excite the jealousy of the abettors of slavery Viewed as the stronghold of the Free-state party, it was made the point of attack ”

The description above was most probably written about (A) the settling of Missouri

(B) the settling on the frontier of Irish laborers who had left New England mill towns

(C) the fight over the admission of Kansas as free or slave state

(D) a settlement of New Englanders in the South (E) a settlement of Republicans in the South

Test-Taking Strategy

Be sure to highlight the key

words in the questions in

some way—underline, circle,

bracket Be sure you

under-stand what the question is

asking you.

This question from the Diagnostic Test is a good example of how you

can use key words as guides in analyzing and interpreting material There are several clues in the reading to help you determine that the correct answer is (C) if you did not know the answer immediately:

the years 1854 and 1855, New England, emigrants from Northern States, abettors of slavery, and Free-state party.They all point to Kansas and the fight between the proslavery and antislavery forces who moved into Kansas to settle it before the territory was ready to request statehood

According to the College Board, these questions ask you to relate

“hypotheses, concepts, principles, or generalizations to given data.” You may be given a specific piece of information and asked for the concept or principle it describes or vice versa For example, you might be asked the following:

STRATEGIES FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Which of the following was Theodore Roosevelt’s most significant use of his “big stick” policy?

(A) The United States established a protectorate in Cuba after the Spanish-American War

(B) The United States sent marines to occupy Veracruz and prevent President Huerta from receiving weapons from Germany

(C) Roosevelt legitimized the “big stick” policy by issuing the Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America

(D) The United States supported Panamanian rebels in their revolt against Colombia

(E) The United States intervened in the internal affairs of the Dominican Republic when that nation could not repay its foreign debts

The question stem provides the concept, Roosevelt’s “big stick” policy, and the answer choices provide what may be examples for you to choose an answer from Choices (A), (D), and (E) state correct information about Roosevelt and his foreign policy, but choice (D) is the best answer Choice (A) refers to the Platt Amendment, choice (D) to the establishment of Panama, and choice (E) to a situation that caused Roosevelt to use the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine for the first time Of the three, the most significant effect in the long-term history of the United States and the world was the assigning to the United States of the right to build a canal across the isthmus of Panama, so choice (D) is the best answer Choice (B) is an action of the President Wilson Choice (C) is only partially correct Theodore Roosevelt legitimized the “big stick” policy through the Roosevelt Corollary, while it was Franklin Roosevelt who adopted the Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America

The question could be reversed so that the specific is presented

in the question stem and the answer choices provide concepts, principles, or generalizations

Theodore Roosevelt’s support of the Panamanian rebels in their revolt against Colombia is an example of his use of (A) the Good Neighbor Policy

(B) the Roosevelt Corollary (C) Alliance for Progress (D) his policy of the “big stick”

(E) Pan-Americanism You already know that the correct answer is choice (D) Choice (A)

is a policy of Franklin Roosevelt; choice (B) is the way Theodore

CHAPTER 1

Roosevelt legitimized his “big stick” foreign policy; choice (C) refers

to Latin American policy under John F Kennedy; and Pan-American-ism was a policy of Secretary of State James G Blaine under President Benjamin Henry Harrison that resulted in the first Inter-American Conference in 1889

There are not many of this type of question on the test The question presents data and asks you to evaluate their validity for a specific purpose The answer choices ask you to use either internal evidence, such as accuracy and logical consistency, to assess the information or external criteria, such as accepted historical scholarship

In doing research for a book about working conditions in the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts, which of the following would be most useful?

(A) A diary of a Lowell factory “girl”

(B) Newspaper accounts of the activities of the Lowell Female Labor Reform Movement

(C) U.S Census data from 1830 and 1840 for Lowell (D) Account books from the Lowell textile mills (E) A tour of one of the reconstructed mills This question asks you to think like a historian and decide what kinds

of primary and secondary resource material you would need for your research Primary research is always preferable to secondary sources,

so although a tour of the mill would be interesting, it would not tell you in the words of a Lowell “girl” what it was like to work there Choice (A) would give you the words of only one worker, while choice (B) would give you the response of many women to the poor working conditions Choice (B) is the best answer Choice (C) would not address working conditions nor would choice (D)

A question that requires you to consider the consistency of information might read like the following:

STRATEGIES FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Any discussion of the events that led to the Civil War would have to include the

(A) Wilmot Proviso, the Missouri Compromise, and the Tariff of Abominations

(B) Wilmot Proviso, the Compromise of 1850, and the National Road

(C) Compromise of 1850, the Missouri Compromise, and Fort Laramie Treaty

(D) Missouri Compromise, the Virginia Resolves, and the Ordinance of Nullification

(E) Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, the Tariff of Abominations, and the Ordinance of Nullification

Test-Taking Strategy

All parts of an answer must

be correct If part of an

an-swer is incorrect, the whole

answer is incorrect—and a

quarter-point deduction.

All the elements in choice (A) are events that added to the growing animosity between North and South and led to the Civil War In choice (B), while the controversy over the National Road was an example of sectional conflict, it was not a causal factor of the Civil War In choice (C), the Fort Laramie Treaty, which promised the Native Americans $50,000 a year for 50 years in exchange for safe passage for settlers, is incorrect In choice (D), the Virginia Resolves were passed before the Revolutionary War to protest Great Britain’s policy of taxation without representation In choice (E), the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions are incorrect; they were passed to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

In the end, knowing the type of question you are being asked is less important than paying attention to what the question is asking you Circle, underline, or bracket the key words in the question Use them to guide you to the correct answer

ATTACKING THE QUESTIONS: PRACTICAL ADVICE

When you take the SAT II: U.S History Test, you will want to have every advantage possible Of course, the ideal is to know the correct answer as soon as you read the question and the answer choices, but that does not always happen Here are some methods to help you score well

1 Read the question carefully Circle, underline, or bracket key

words and phrases You will find words in the question prompts

such as: significant; direct result of, consequence of; true, correct; most characteristic of, best known for, best describes; primarily, primary reason, primary purpose; most influential; most accurately characterizes. These are qualifiers or descriptors that clue you to what you should be looking for in the answer choices

A word like significant means you should be looking for why

something is important in the larger context of U.S history

Words like best describes or most characteristic of are asking

CHAPTER 1

you to analyze the information and come up with an opinion based on facts In both instances, one or more of the answer choices may be correct; you need to look for the one that is most inclusive, giving the broadest view of the subject

2 Knowing that the questions are in chronological order can help

you to eliminate answers that do not make sense for the period For example, identifying the Wilmot Proviso as having happened

in the first half of the nineteenth century can help you eliminate any answers that refer to any other period

3 Most of the questions are straightforward, but you may find some

that use qualifiers such as not/except, inconsistent, or incorrect.

For these questions, read each answer and ask yourself if it is true about the subject of the question If it is, cross it out, and

go to the next answer You are looking for the choice that is not

true

4 Be sure to use educated guessing if you know something about

the content of the question and can eliminate one or more answer choices

PRACTICING

Study Strategy

Check the Practice Plan for

Studying for the SAT II: U.S.

History Test, pp 8–10.

Study Strategy

Read all the explanations.

The reasoning involved and

the additional historical

information may help you

with questions on the real

test.

Read and answer Practice Set 1 on the next page Jot down your

answers to the questions in the margin or on a separate sheet of paper If you do not understand a question, you may check the explanation immediately You may refer to the answers question by question, or you may wish to score the entire set at one time Either

is acceptable

Follow the same procedure with Practice Sets 2 and 3 You might want to complete Practice Set 2 and correct the answers before you try Practice Set 3 That way, you will have another chance

to work on any specific areas of weakness

STRATEGIES FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Practice Set 1

1 The significance of the Massachusetts Bay

Company was its

(A) charter as a joint-stock company

(B) establishment of a flourishing colony

(C) transformation from a trading company

into a commonwealth

(D) limitation on the number of men who

could serve in the General Court

(E) merger with Plymouth Colony in 1691

2 The Virginia Resolves are significant because

(A) they were passed to protest the Stamp

Act

(B) they were based on the argument that

the colonies could not be taxed by

Parliament because they had no

repre-sentation in Parliament

(C) they laid the groundwork for Virginia’s

claim to western lands

(D) in passing them, the Virginia legislature

seceded from the Union

(E) in passing them, Virginia agreed to

Congressional Reconstruction

3 Elizabeth Cady Stanton is most closely

associated with which area of social reform

in the nineteenth century?

(A) abolition

(B) the temperance movement

(C) universal education

(D) women’s rights

(E) prison reform

4 The direct cause of Congress’s vote to

impeach Andrew Johnson was (A) his opposition to Congressional Recon-struction

(B) his opposition to the Fifteenth Amend-ment

(C) corruption during his administration (D) his violation of the Tenure of Office Act (E) his veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866

5 “I had opportunity to observe closely the

operation of two powerful forces that were

at work on the Negro’s status—the exodus and the war Negroes migrating to the North

in great numbers, and I observed the anomaly of a premium being put on this element of the population that had generally been regarded as a burden and a handicap to the South.”

The above was most probably written about (A) contraband going behind the Union lines

in the Civil War (B) movement of blacks to Northern cities during the Vietnam War

(C) exodusters (D) migration of African Americans in the 1890s

(E) Great Migration of 1915–1930

Explanation of Answers for

Practice Set 1

QUICK-SCORE ANSWERS

3 D

1 The correct answer is (C) The key word here is significance.

When you see this word, ask yourself what the significance is of this event or person to the development of U.S history Massachusetts is not particularly significant in terms of choices (A) and (B) because the Virginia Company was also a joint-stock company, and for the most part, all the English colonies flourished except for Plymouth, which did merge with Massachusetts Bay, choice (E) But keep look-ing because although important, choice (E) is not particularly signifi-cant in a larger sense That leaves choices (C) and (D) Considering the development of the colonies, would limiting participation in government be significant, or its opposite, insignificant? The trans-formation of Massachusetts Bay from a trading company into a com-monwealth made it the first self-governing political unit in what would be the United States

2 The correct answer is (B) The key word here is significant.

Choice (A) is true, but the meaning of the Virginia Resolves in the larger context of U.S history is choice (B) They established the argument of “no taxation without representation” that became a rallying cry for the Revolution Choices (C), (D), and (E) are incor-rect You could have eliminated choices (D) and (E) by checking for the time frame of the question It comes after a question about exploration and before one on the mid-nineteenth century

Test-Taking Strategy

Read the question stem

carefully Circle the key

words so you know clearly

what you are looking for.

3 The correct answer is (D) The key words here are most

closely.Stanton was involved in the abolition movement, choice (A), but she is best known for organizing the Seneca Falls women’s rights conference in 1848 and her work for women’s suffrage The woman most closely associated with temperance, choice (B), is Frances Willard, who served from 1879 to 1898 as the president of the Women’s Christian Temperance Association Horace Mann is considered a pioneer in the fight for universal education, choice (C) Dorothea Dix is known for her work on prison and asylum reform, choice (E)

4 The correct answer is (D) The key words are direct cause His

enemies in Congress hated Johnson for choices (A) and (E), but his impeachment hearings directly resulted from choice (D), his firing of Edwin Stanton, his secretary of state Choice (B) is incorrect because it was the Fourteenth Amendment that he opposed; the Fifteenth Amendment was not ratified until after his administration Choice (C) was not an issue in his administration, but in that of his successor, Ullysses S Grant

5 The correct answer is (E) The word war is one clue, as is the

phrase “the anomaly of a premium.” The word war will help you

eliminate choice (D) Although the United States did fight the Spanish-American War in the 1890s, the war lasted only three months, not long enough to create an economy that would need additional workers The time frame of the questions in this group will help you eliminate choice (A) Question 4 is about Andrew Johnson’s impeachment, so an answer about the Civil War for question 5 cannot be correct (Contraband was the name given

to slaves who escaped behind the Union lines.) You might think exodusters, choice (C), is correct, because the quotation uses the

word exodus, but the exodusters moved west, not north, shortly

after the Civil War The phrase about a premium on African Americans indicates that they were in demand; this would equate with the need for workers in the North as the nation geared up for World War I, choice (E) No similar movement occurred during the Vietnam War because so many African Americans already lived in the North, choice (B) Don’t be confused by the Great Migration that brought some 20,000 Puritans to Massachu-setts Bay

EXPLANATION OF ANSWERS FOR PRACTICE SET 1