SAT II History Episode 2 Part 9 potx

The informaCorpora-tion in choice E is correct, but it is the incorrect answer.. Choice C was an experimental space-based antiballistic Test-Taking Strategy The key words aremajor differ

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52 The correct answer is (A) Both Washington and Garvey

addressed their messages to ordinary African Americans None of the them believed in choice (B) Both Du Bois and Garvey cel-ebrated their African heritage, Garvey with his “back-to-Africa” movement and Du Bois with Pan-Africanism Choice (D) was Wash-ington’s focus Choice (E) was also true of WashWash-ington’s approach

53 The correct answer is (B) Choices (B), (C), and (D) are all true of

Harding’s administration, but choices (C) and (D) are specific actions that support choice (B) Choice (B), then, is the most inclu-sive answer Choice (A) is the opposite of what occurred under Harding, and choice (E) is incorrect for the time period

54 The correct answer is (D) Although the New Deal was to a

degree sympathetic to the economic problems of African Ameri-cans, it did nothing to ensure their civil rights The first effective civil rights act was passed during Lyndon Johnson’s administration

in 1964 President Eisenhower had pushed for the passage of civil rights acts in 1957 and 1960, but little came of the acts Choice (A) was guaranteed by the Social Security Act of 1935 Choice (B) was part of the National Labor Relation Act of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act Choice (C) refers to the Home Owners Loan Corpora-tion (HOLC) of 1933 The informaCorpora-tion in choice (E) is correct, but it

is the incorrect answer

55 The correct answer is (C) At Dumbarton Oaks in 1944,

represen-tatives of the Allies worked out permanent seats on the Security Council and veto power for the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, France, and China, so choice (C) is incorrectly stated

In 1943 at the Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers, Great Brit-ain, the Soviet Union, and the United States agreed to the invasion of Normandy, choice (A) Choice (B) was one outcome of the Potsdam conference in 1945, the only wartime conference that Truman attended Choices (D) and (E) were results of the Yalta Conference

in early 1945

56 The correct answer is (D) The Southern Democrats broke ranks

with the national Democratic Party over a civil rights plank in the party platform and formed their own States’ Rights Party, also known as the Dixiecrat Party Strom Thurmond, then governor of South Carolina, ran as their presidential candidate A new Progres-sive Party that formed in 1948 supported Henry Wallace for presi-dent Choice (A) ran a slate of candidates in the 1852 election on an anti-immigration, anti-Catholic platform The Communist Party, choice (B), is registered and may run candidates for election; how-ever, it did not enter the 1948 presidential election Choice (E) was the party of Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 election

57 The correct answer is (A) The “two China” policy was an

initiative of Richard Nixon and his Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger Truman’s Point Four Program, choice (B), provided technical, education, and health-care assistance to underdeveloped nations Choice (C) was an experimental space-based antiballistic

Test-Taking Strategy

The key words aremajor

difference.

Knowing the time frame

would help you eliminate

choice (E).

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missile system that was shelved in the Clinton administration Choice (D) was aimed at providing aid to Latin American nations and undermining the appeal of Fidel Castro Choice (E) was accomplished in 1999

58 The correct answer is (A) Nixon may have privately thought that

choice (B) was true, but his public response was choice (A)

Choices (C), (D), and (E) are incorrect Agnew had resigned earlier and pleaded no contest in a plea bargain to a single charge of having failed to report income from money received as a kickback while governor of Maryland

59 The correct answer is (B) The climate and terrain were similar to

those of the Virginia colony, where tobacco grew well Over time, Maryland adopted tobacco agriculture on large plantations that were worked by enslaved African Americans While you might have thought twice about selecting choices (A), (C), and even (D), you should have immediately rejected choice (E), Massachusetts, because of the difference in climate and terrain

60 The correct answer is (A) Considering that it took from 1776 to

1920—144 years—for women to gain the right to vote, choice (A)

would seem to be a good answer to select for this except question.

The truth of choice (B) was apparent in the separation of church and state built into the Constitution Choice (D) was apparent in the ending of slavery in the Middle Atlantic and New England states by early in the nineteenth century The principle behind choice (E) turned out to be the problem with the Articles of Confederation when the states tried to establish a new national government

61 The correct answer is (B) Choice (A) is the opposite of what the

Navigation Acts stated According to the Hat Act, choice (C), beaver hats could be sold only in the colonies The Woolen Act, choice (D), forbade the export of wool to other colonies or to England to pro-tect English manufacturing Choice (E) was a later provision under George Grenville

62 The correct answer is (C) The Constitution forbade the

importa-tion of slaves after 1808 but said nothing about the internal slave trade, which grew dramatically in the following decades with the spread of cotton agriculture

63 The correct answer is (E) The British repeal of the Orders in

Council, which had forbidden neutral ships to trade with European nations unless the ships stopped in British ports first, was meant to avoid hostilities with the United States However, the United States had already declared war on Great Britain

64 The correct answer is (C) The effects of Jackson’s release of

sev-eral million acres of Western land, the destruction of the Second Bank, and the issuing of credit by unstable state banks were felt for a number of years Choice (A) had been reduced after the bitter fight

in 1833 Choice (B) became an issue in the second half of the 1800s Choices (D) and (E) are incorrect

Try educated guessing if you

don’t immediately know the

answer Eliminate those

answers that you know are

incorrect or don’t make

sense.

Knowing the time frame can

help you eliminate choices.

Except for choices (A) and

(B), the answer choices relate

to later English policies.

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65 The correct answer is (B) Choices (A), (B), and (D) are correct,

but choice (B) best answers the question Choice (D) describes how the Amendment is used, not what its purpose, or provisions, are Choice (A) describes one specific provision, but choice (B) states a more significant and long-lasting effect of the law Choice (C) is incorrect, as is choice (E) Together, the Fourteenth, Nineteenth (women’s suffrage), and the Twenty-Sixth (the right to vote to 18-year-old citizens) Amendments have extended the franchise

66 The correct answer is (D) Hayes appointed people to positions

because of their qualifications rather than their party affiliation and insisted that government positions be filled by competitive examina-tion This alienated both the Halfbreeds and the Stalwarts in the Republican Party Arthur pushed for civil service reform and sup-ported passage of the Pendleton Act Arthur supsup-ported choice (A) Hayes opposed the issuance of greenbacks and vetoed the Bland-Allison Act, which became law over his veto, choice (B) Choice (C)

is incorrect Hayes set a precedent for choice (E)

67 The correct answer is (D) Harding did run a “front porch”

cam-paign, choice (A), but the significance of the 1920 election was that women could vote for the first time in a national election, choice (D) Incumbent presidents sometimes run what is known as the

“Rose Garden” campaign, because they do not venture far from the White House in order to remind voters that they have the experi-ence to run the country and are busy doing just that

68 The correct answer is (D) Ultimately, sixty-two nations signed

the Pact It had little practical effect since there were no provisions for enforcing it other than popular opinion Choice (A) was signed

as part of the Washington Conference; the signatories agreed to limit production of large warships Choice (B) included the charter for the League of Nations, which would peacefully settle interna-tional disputes and punish errant nations Choice (C) established a world organization to promote peace and cooperation and to work

to improve the welfare of poor countries Choice (E) was an agree-ment between the United States and Great Britain for mutual disar-mament of the Great Lakes

69 The correct answer is (A) Harry Truman sent troops into Korea

without asking for a declaration of war from Congress He claimed the power as commander in chief and the UN charter Both choices (B) and (D) asked Congress for formal declarations of war Choices (C) and (E) do not apply

70 The correct answer is (D) Reagan greatly increased defense

spending, cut domestic programs, and cut taxes, creating a huge deficit and high interest rates, which gave rise to choice (D)

Reagan’s policy was known as supply-side economics, so choice (C)

is illogical Choice (B) would only have added to the deficit, so it is also illogical Reagan cut taxes, so choice (A) is illogical Choice (E)

is what Reagan was doing, so it is incorrect

The key words arebest

describes.

Knowing the time frame will

help you eliminate choice

(E).

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71 The correct answer is (B) Although William Penn founded

Penn-sylvania as a haven for Quakers, choice (A), it was not a theocracy,

or government by those who claim to rule by divine authority The economy of the colony, choice (C), was based on agriculture and trade, with the largest port city in the colonies in 1750 One of the Middle Colonies, Pennsylvania’s population had come originally from England, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, and Ireland To have an outlet to the sea, the Duke of York gave Penn what was known as the Lower Counties, today the state of Delaware, choice (E)

72 The correct answer is (E) A Federalist would typically have

sup-ported chartering the First National Bank, so choices (C), (D), and

(E) might be the correct answer to this except question However, a

Federalist would also have supported the elastic clause and avoiding war with France, so only choice (E) is correct

73 The correct answer is (B) Transcendentalist thought and writing

exhibited choices (A), (C), (D), and (E) but not choice (B), the themes and symbols of nationalism Those were found in the works

of James Fenimore Cooper and Nathaniel Hawthorne, not Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

74 The correct answer is (A) Dorothea Dix worked to improve the

treatment of the mentally ill Frederick Douglass, choice (D), while better known for his abolitionist work, also championed women’s suffrage After the Civil War, he continued to work for better treat-ment of former slaves

75 The correct answer is (B) Andrew Mellon, Secretary of the

Trea-sury, believed that the wealthy should not be heavily taxed because they alone had the capital to invest in business and, thus, stimulate economic growth Choices (A), (C), (D), and (E) are incorrect Choice (D) was the method that was favored by Franklin Roosevelt

to get the economy moving again and to end the Depression It was

a theory that was advocated by economist John Maynard Keynes and one that underlay much of the economic policy of subsequent presidents until Ronald Reagan’s supply-side economics

76 The correct answer is (B) In an attempt to disguise his true

pur-pose, Roosevelt claimed that he wanted to make the federal judi-ciary more efficient by adding judges for those who chose not to retire at age 70 but no more than forty-four judges to the Circuit Court and six justices to the Supreme Court Choice (A) is partially incorrect because the scheme was never approved by Congress However, the Supreme Court began to hand down decisions that were more favorable to the New Deal, and as justices retired, Roosevelt was able to name several replacements, making it the

“Roosevelt Court.” Choice (C) is incorrect because the Court did strike down the AAA and the NIRA, centerpieces of Roosevelt’s early New Deal Choice (D) is incorrect because Roosevelt did not make the Court’s record a campaign issue in the election; this was

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one reason why he failed in his attempt to change the Court He did not gather public opinion to his cause Choice (E) is incorrect

77 The correct answer is (B) Although choices (A), (B), (C), and (D)

are all true about population movement, choice (B) is the most inclusive and is, therefore, the best answer The Rust Belt, choice (A), includes the Northeast and the Upper Midwest The Southeast, choice (C), is part of the Sunbelt Choice (E) is incorrect

78 The correct answer is (B) These words were written by César

Chavez, choice (A) Herbert Spencer, choice (B), was the champion

of Social Darwinism and would not have believed that people could help themselves Samuel Gompers, choice (C), led the American Federation of Labor (AFL) for thirty-two years Eugene V Debs, choice (D), was a labor organizer and socialist Martin Luther King, Jr., choice (E), was a civil rights activist

79 The correct answer is (A) The quota system had been established

by the immigration laws of 1921, 1924, and 1929 Choice (C) is incorrect because the 1965 act established the preference system for relatives The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 pro-vided an amnesty program, so choice (D) is incorrect The Illegal Immigration Restriction Act of 1996 made it easier for the Immigra-tion and NaturalizaImmigra-tion Service (INS) to deport illegal aliens, so choice (E) is incorrect Choice (B) is incorrect

80 The correct answer is (C) The 1992 campaign revolved, to a

large extent, around the lackluster performance of the economy under the Bush administration and Bush’s promise not to raise taxes—a promise he went back on Choice (A) was the social and economic program that the Republicans in the House attempted to push through after the 1994 midterm elections Choice (C) was an important issue in the 1992 election but not the central issue, nor were choices (D) and (E)

81 The correct answer is (D) By protesting the ill treatment of

Native Americans, de Las Casas unwittingly aided in the enslavement

of Africans A king need simply to decree that the system end, so choice (A) is illogical Choice (B) established a series of missions in California in the late 1700s Choice (C) conquered the Aztec empire

in Mexico Choice (E) explored the Spanish borderlands, establish-ing some twenty-five missions and mappestablish-ing the territory in the late 1600s and early 1700s

82 The correct answer is (D) Poor quality, rocky soil, and a cold

climate did not lend themselves to large-scale cotton, tobacco, rice,

or indigo agriculture Choices (A), (B), and (C) were true, but none was the major reason why slavery did not develop in New England Choice (E) is illogical

83 The correct answer is (D) The clues are the tone and the

refer-ence to the Second Continental Congress.Choice (A) was written in

1767 and 1768, so it was too early to be an influence on the del-egates More importantly, although a delegate to the Continental

The key word issignificance.

issue.

reason.

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Congress, Dickinson was against independence Choice (B) is

illogi-cal, given the nature of the Almanack Choice (C) was written in

1782 and is a description of the period, not a political tract

Although Abigail Adams was influential, she wrote private letters, so

it is doubtful that the delegates would have read these words, choice (E)

84 The correct answer is (D) The purpose of the Jacksonian

Demo-crats was to elect Jackson; there was no particular social, political,

or economic problem that they wished to solve Choice (A), the Populists, were interested in reforms that were aimed at helping farmers, such as coinage of silver Choice (B) advocated a number of reforms at all levels of society: government, business, social mores, and politics Choice (C) formed to limit immigration and keep Catholics and naturalized citizens out of government Choice (E) formed from the Whig and Free Soil Parties and abolitionists

85 The correct answer is (A) While choice (B) is correct, it is not

particularly important in the larger view of U.S history Choice (A)

is more significant because it shows that Lincoln, as he began his first term, did not have the support of the majority of the people Choices (C), (D), and (E) are incorrect

86 The correct answer is (E) Choices (A), (B), (C), and (D) were all

reforms at the local and state levels before they became national laws National regulation was needed to regulate railroads because they were interstate

87 The correct answer is (C) Choice (A) is the opposite of the Acts;

the United States could provide aid only to nonbelligerents Choices (B), (D), and (E) are incorrect Choice (D) is easy to eliminate because there were no nuclear weapons in this time period

88 The correct answer is (E) Johns was a painter of the 1950s.

Choices (A) and (D) were novelists, and choices (B) and (C) were poets

89 The correct answer is (D) This quotation reflects the philosophy

of nonviolence that Dr Martin Luther King brought to the SCLC and the civil rights movement It is the antithesis of the beliefs of Stokely Carmichael, choice (C), who believed in aggressive confrontation, and Malcolm X, choice (B), who advocated revolution Du Bois, choice (E), also believed in peaceful resistance, but the NAACP waged its campaigns more through lobbying legislators, its publica-tions, and court cases Washington, choice (A), proposed that Afri-can AmeriAfri-cans should seek progress through economic efforts and not political protest, so choice (A) would not apply

The key words arebest

describes and significance.

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90 The correct answer is (D) Although members of Congress and

presidents for several administrations had pressed for a line item veto, the Supreme Court held that it was unconstitutional Accord-ing to the rulAccord-ing, the line item veto, in effect, gave the president the power to rewrite legislation This contradicted the Constitution, which gives the president only two options in regard to legislation: either to sign a bill or to veto it Choice (A) was never ratified, but if

it had been, this could not be the correct answer, because once an amendment is added to the Constitution, it becomes the law of the land and cannot be held unconstitutional Choice (B) is incorrect Choice (C) was the Clinton policy in regard to gays’ and lesbians’ serving in the armed forces Choice (E) is a good distracter, because the Agricultural Adjustment Act was overturned—in 1936 as part of the New Deal

Red Alert!

Highlight in some way—by

underlining, circling, or

bracketing—the key words in

the question. Clinton

adminis-tration and unconstitutional

are key here By misreading

the question, you might

choose choice (E) and be

incorrect.

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Leave any unused

answer spaces blank.

Test Code

V Þ 1 Þ 2 Þ 3 Þ 4 Þ 5 Þ 6 Þ 7 Þ 8 Þ 9

W Þ 1 Þ 2 Þ 3 Þ4 Þ 5 Þ 6 Þ 7 Þ 8 Þ 9

X Þ 1 Þ 2 Þ 3 Þ 4 Þ 5 Y Þ A Þ B Þ C Þ D Þ E

Q Þ 1 Þ 2 Þ 3 Þ 4 Þ 5 Þ 6 Þ 7 Þ 8 Þ 9

Subject Test (print)

FOR ETS USE ONLY

R/C W/S1 FS/S2 CS/S3 WS

1 O A O B O C O D O E

7 OA O B O C O D O E

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answer spaces blank. W Þ1 Þ2 Þ3 Þ4 Þ5 Þ6 Þ7 Þ8 Þ9

Q Þ 1 Þ 2 Þ 3 Þ4 Þ 5 Þ 6 Þ 7 Þ 8 Þ 9