cusromcrs prornotcs various consumc, intcrests bur ar ihc sarnc omc burdens ouwelsh rhc bencfits, at leas!. -_ 4 tlueshold problem wirh disctosure requiremcnrs js thar ol dcte.mininS wha
Trang 1u t ot -t' t oet
t a 4.nt
n, r I t.tt lof
sltrtr sruuat
,:,:i::.']ff:ii:r:".",:i:.'^';;g ;,',,**",'"uosr.d u,E!,:,.,,
.<.,Jr
ur )sr',ur s,.''q,,","p,pu"
qni ; riilii.::,:, ]:l ;lJ;ii,i';ll,^
tnoqrla tf,a,{oldu:s 1uJlnJ lnoqx
uorrxu lu)suol JFql
;::l'l::l' s::roldur:
.owpq uJ;;;i,:.T.I filX.:;,T
saadoldus r.oqy
.ron"*"ogoq
;;;-"*_d
",
0g 'oN rnssl
ssa))v
lill
#:n#t'lifi
*ii*':.i;-r,a',i,:j#{*f.;, I.d
lillig"jh'i;ffl."j;{.ilii#:i:T;fsfl:, i:Tf
t qf,ns pfnoqs rEJ
,roq jng .lqdosofrqd
;yn##ffi
l:'T:o,o
ro suolrrzr.'Earo rpno-l arnururoJ
eucru)snrr^pE,,.,.r"r,,:I :*:tt put f,i*rtu
:rdocd
:^Ttr""'.TiTJ?#FT#Tjii"l,
jiliff 'J"::::"#
ro fJuenrrn Drrp rso'
.*
;;-;,fil.,T;:":;,.ril:"*;:"*.
oJ glrctr c:rurrrsuo) r^nrJno
.sr5unoo nr
j nucLrD^lo^ul q5ns
: iltTT:i.':t#T-*'j;^;ff
aurt3) afrua^nf Brr.rp.rutay {lnq
fspos
69
stnsst lvr,,J9 tvlJljio oz
uoj S VSSI ftc,.,!vs
:iT; IIII
Trang 2, l l l l
Aicr aU, an 2pplicanr cnn casitr.conccal personat irifomurion Gai rugtrr advcrscl! affccr job performrnce, rhcrcbr dama8inA rbc ernptovcr in rcrms
o f t o R p r o d u c r i v i n x n ( t h i g b rumovcr Morcovcr, r n r p p t i c r n r mi8br pos( r
p o r c n t l : l t s c c u f i t \ , r h f c : l l i n L c n n s o f r h c con)pan\,,s r c r d ( sccrc(s o r c v c tllr physicll srJcn,of rtrc Ii.m s emptoyces A rhorou8h chcck of rhc aDDt,c:rnr s
p c r s o n r t b a c k A r o u n d m i F h r rcvc:rt a p o r c n rt rirear.
D u r i o g cmploym€nr, h o w c v c r lhc cmployec.s i o t c r c s r s a r c lar,norc compclina dran rhosc ofrtrc cmplover, for thrce rcisons Firsr, rhc cmproycr has cvcq, oppordnin, (o moniror ongoirg job pc.formancc and o rcplacc workcrs who fail ro n]ccr standxrds rcgardtcss o, rbc rca-son for rhxr Ixilurc Sccond, allowjng frcc:rcccss ro pcrsonat informrrion xbout employecs nxSur opcn |h€ ltoodgxres ro discriminrroD, promolions and sxlan; rdjusrmcnts Current fedeml laws protccring cmployccs from unfair rrcarment basc<l on gendcrt racc, and mari!.al
'Ihitd, acccss ro pclsonal inJormarion wirhou! conscnt niscs sirious pnvag,
irJormadon Hcighre[ing dxs coDccm js rhe casc of acccss ro inJoffnalon lnat our burgeorling clccrronjc Intrire6 ma_kc possiblc
ln sum, rcad), acccss ro ceft.1ln pcrsonal inlormrLion abour prospccrive cmployces 15 n€ccssaD, !o prorcc! brjinessg Hoeevcr, oncc hirco, rl1 cmployce s inrcrcsr i, cquiEble Ucauhcnr and prillacl ,ar ourweighs uc cmplo.vcr.s irrc.csr in cnsuring n producrivc znd smblc wo.kto.ce
At flrst glancc, ir would sccm thar increased burcauc.ig crcares-obsmclcs bcrwccn rhc citizcns 2nd thosc wno govem
Ine two groups Clos€r cxarojradon rcveals holecvcr, govcrnmcnt bucauc.rc], acnlally brid8es *rs gap, "nd gics now illow lor wx),s around rhc Frp
Mrny govcdmcnt burcaucracics arc csrablishcd a.s r rcsponsc to thc needs of thc cirizcnn., ln :r scns€, thcv_ manifcst a nexus bersccn cilizcns ano Fovemmcnt, providinS a means of communicarion and redrcss for ErjcEnccs rhat would not o*tefivise bc ivailable For cxampjc, docs rhc P1 o] ""* of irs cnsurinr thc sr{cry of our rood}and orugs scpa_tc us rfom tnc Sowmmcnri Or docs l}lr FH^ bI halping (o ma-kc homc oEnc.ship morc vjrbl€ ro brdinafy cjdzcns thcrEbl, inc.carc thc gap bcwccD citizcns lnd rhc govcmmcnr? No, tlcsc zgcncics scFc our intcrJsrj aJld crlancc the acccssibiliry of Sovcrrrrocnr rcsources ro cjLizens
Admjtlcd\,, agcrcics such as rhcsc are neccssrn, proxics ,or dirccr paflrctpauon n Fovcmmcnr, sincc ou, socieral probtcms alc roo targc and complcx for indjviduats ro solve Howcvcr, cchnototry is coming forward ro
thcrcb,v scparating that in man] wats tlar ncw rechnolo
vritids StJttk for )c CRUGIIAT Testt
utuPct6at am
Trang 3I t a tlr
u utLu,t.tn
L n,1 t a4r alsr!4s
8!tru,!l
- -
99 'oir1 lnssl
^,* "';llll,::il;l,liil']il'l;,1:HIl rr)irr:u!)r'l
q,,^,
"t
Prtoqrtrq l-qoF sqr tlf ;"''.'i"::ff:l.n^1
',:;Til;
ff ::;['J;:i.".J]:l_:L::.;1X""":f gil"i,ll:::J,:;
til r^.Ti:il["".,,TJT:
"
ffi? ffi
pr,''*.rs:ar r'c,'":
l'*:",n **
li.1##: ;"T#ffi -';T^":"[T:[f
:;
i:H':{,".:i:HJ?J.ffi
;:':t:,:jlil:Fi*T:',',T"rl
j:tll^liil,Ii'^:,ffi
"iiql "''T )" T:y':';t
: J.?, iT,xT#,,J.;*t# il.T T;:x;,;::ffi",H:11*
;'.'.'"'#i:H"3;;'ii:T#d;
1euopvu51Jn4
ary dII
!l^r,{.ou 5urt ,ojszrEsorms*,,;;;;;;;*,ff :i'"t*.tJ#u#.ff
""*
ru5Errr.^o3 cq: Jo tltd sGE|
rcJ pFoqs su)z'p ro -r" ";;;.;;'il.t;':Lm,::
l:1l , -'*, t*
'uoDtppr
ut sSunc'ur
rrErl uao) )r@qD
! ,9rsDl ro,-.,', ,ro *.r*erJj risr^ p" srr)rxruaq rno rlrr uo p''" 'q.dr
ET
f
SlnSSt lvt,lO .tVlC|JJO
@
:tlcr, Ys
Trang 4I t l lssur No 74
Rulc-Brcakcrs: Thc Mosl Memoiablc peoplc
I s r r o n t l r x s r c ( rbli rulebrc:rk<rs a r c r l ) ! n ) o s ( m c n r o r a b l c p ( o p l c Ur d€pxninS frofi dlc sLlrus quo iconoci;rsts ci)l arlcnlion ro rhemsclves somr providrn8 conspicuous nritrors for socicrl orbcrs scn,inS as our primnn qtxl),sts for prb8ics\
-ln polirics, for exnmple rulc,brcikcrs ^1a)lllrma Gandhi and trlanin Lu(hcr King sccurcd promineor pinccs in hisror_-\'by chaUcngin8 rhc smrus guo throuSb cii'il disobcdience RencS:rdcs such:rs Ghcngus Khan, S!a[n, and llussein broke rU thc human-d8h(s "rulcs." (hcrcby leavin8 indcliblc mffkl in thc hisrorical record Ard tulurc gen€ralions will probab!, rcmcmbcr Nixon and Kenncdy morc cle ly rhan Cancr or Rcigan, by wrt
oI their rulc-brcakinS activiries-spccitcxl\., Nixon's \Varcrsarc dcbaclc and Kcnncdr's cxua,rnariral rrysls,
Ln thc aftr, mavcricks such a5 Dati, Picasso, arld Warhol, who brcek cstablishcd mles of composirion, ulrirnarely cmcrgc a5 rhc gr€atcsr anis6, while thc names of anis6 s,ith supcrior tcchricat skilts arc rclegarcd ro tic fooinoies of 1't-hisro.J' lcxtbooks Our most hjlucntial popular muslciars are rhe fla8r'Jnr rule-break€rs-for cxamplc, bcbop musicians such as Charlc Parkcr xnd Thclonius Monli, wbo broke xll $c harmonic rules, and folk musician-pocr Bob Dylan, who brok tlc rutes for lvrics
Ir rhe scicnces, iinov:rrion and pro8.ess cnn ordy result from chrllen8ing convendon:rl ticories-i_c., b]' brcaking mles Ne.wron and Einstcin for cxamplc borh refuscd ro blindtv accepr whrr wcrc pcrceivcd al thcit time as c€rr:rin 'rules' of pbJ'sjcs A, a rcsulr, borh mcn rcdcfincd lhose rulcs and bo*r mcn cmergcd :rs two of rhe mosr mcmo.ible figurcs in drc
f i c l d of physrcs
ln conclusion, ir appears rhr! rhe dccpesr poshivc and De8arivc impressions appcar on eirher side of drc sam iconoclxstic coil1 Thosc who lcave.be mosr memonble irlprints in histor)' do so bl' challengirg nolms, ti:tdirions ctrerjsired v:rlncs, nncl $e Sencnl sutlr5 quo-d1ar is, by brcaldns
f,lt
This ffsr pan of rhis sr2icmc;i'ihcans thar inlc.pcrsonal, or socid, stllts can bc rDarkcrcd ar prrl lof a bundlc of asscrj that onc migh! rour m a prospcctive clicn!, customcr, or cspccialh' cmployer P.csumtb\', ihe cxrcnr aid ]?lue of rhese skills can be gau8ed by one s prcvious cxp.rieocc wio clienls 2nd cusromcrs or ar jobs requiring a sianfic:fi amount of tcamwork and coopcmtion among workers-ts measurcd bt facrors such as onc's tcnurc in such x job and l€ftcrs of refercnce from supc.v'sors 'vhilc this claim scems plausiblc b lhc absulcl, it ignorcs cri ci) \' uation problcms
-
ta.*-tuui@Jl.tcBoB-.on
Trang 5uto,suos4t.ld thnt
1'
-"t
nl
t1
t
tu
lt
ua
1
to s po uld p t xd rr Du l;
un ro s ar ru r&
eu r:
,""',iil"
#""" #':""J*liT::f,'i"::
?rqEU!)snr
s, ịrqor!o,nx
::: 1í:'
;;,"",",;;;o;;;;;J ::TJ,;:j:J:l::l;H:H;
Jji{}", i!1i-;f :;n l:t,:H';i
s, 3u,^,o,.,oq ;;' ;;;';;"
;"'::Y ;11'f^:"i
ill":i;:: :i:,::1'::::*:1^"'*'J;i;;'l:'i;:.,::fffi
ss.r:ii: ut clqrsuodsrsrcq lrx)
r:rr!, .ssrunsrurlJr)
.uros
;i"'#.i,T.i1:11'::::"ffí.1:i::j:::í;.,-;;il:il
08
5I{r sD 1ra
si rlun EuoDrzruxfuo
-ssor4snq eqr Jo 3rruxu
_ rscrtrrnd
o, ,orra
pr, -r-r-.1"arl+
uo spuedsP sn[r^ Tru
n! !'^otol{' ot:rfí"ilt:lJ}o".]*r;;J; p,r''rror,{luó0"""u"-0.,'.,oo -
-s))rt-rsrm'or r'.rrouor cqr
so surpuodep_ J;,;;.1"
;;;;,rrr,.
l:::i;,sl*T:JllljJ;:.:::: :'*'.ár
ilo ro surú.u sc
:m :rx';J#*;nfl#
xt#1H=ji
rrLI
Fi_qu;ilill;lr1.;*##j:#* r:.lfr # , rol qol rrlr
lo srlsu5uisorpl cqt,t]o ;;;,,;;1TX1';fS*:lf,:HX rrln.sortr{ i ,", .nÊ posrd rq uF n ro ^p3rjlrn-Errp : ,n i:_
I :r]:#;ro"
;#H: :i"9il.F.!:lis-:r
rour rrJ
q 1!
rrqr s!
rrrrEp sqn
*,^
_r*j
", ,;
.-s.nrÊ r^!r!Ter 5ru-rs uonrzrxr.uf,
&,-,tjY**'-t*'t
to ot.ụo
inỆLp sp rr-r.rdo,o
*^, -n ,Tlnol; ffffi
jifi,[j:
sJJqrII Su1,rd.o;:og prrc Errr,lca
:ng
loN lnssl
SlnSSl lvr.le tVl:)tJJC 0z
tn SAISS: ad
vs
Trang 6unemprormenl Borros,in8 crn xtso bc prudenr_if rhe loan is altordabtc and rpplicd ro$a.d a sound tong-rcrm investmcnr
V c r c si!ing :rncl b o r o N i n g Lmircd !o rhcs( r),pcs o f s c < n r j o s , I w o u t d : v c r th:rr p c o p l c rodi]'salc and borrow rcsponsjbh H o v c v c r rhc clidcncc slEgcsrs orJ)enaisc ,A-,ncrjcxns nos,purcharc on credit fa, morc cxpcnsivc auromobiles, rclarjvr ro incomc, rhrn ever before*vehictes rh?r a.c frr mor rhan shxl js Dcedcd Io safe kusporurion bicess'vc credir{ard dcbl nothcr q?e of unjusriliebte borro*,ir8, is a! record tcvcts, and rjsinB, among l".nericar houschold5 Does rhc babl,,ooomcrs curenr pcnchanr fol
r e r i r c m c n r mvcsLins c o m p c n s a t c l o r r h c s e excc55cs? p r o b r b h not Th$
l r c n d rs tuclcd b! uffcJisrrc erpecrrrions of fuLurc reruffs ir mrr
$ercfolc, csc2.l e Lo spccutarion r,id, aL rt5 hci8]1r, wjdesprerd tcvclzFing_ i-e., bolrowinS Such jpcculation is more suircd ro highly sophisricarcd rnveslors who can wetl afford !o lose rhcir cniirc irvcsrmcnr rhar ro avenrc ,^m.rjc?.rs rnd rncr nclt c55s
ln conclusion, whilc peopte sccm ro be savirg aSgr.ssiycl], roda]., rhcir jrvesrmenr choiccs nd concomir.ur high spendirs and borrowjnf, levch
c x l l in r o q ( s ( r ^ n drc rsscflion r h ; l r w c a,c mdccd a nirion of srvcrs
cusromcrs prornotcs various consumc, intcrests bur ar ihc sarnc omc
burdens ouwelsh rhc bencfits, at leas! in most cajcs
-_
4 tlueshold problem wirh disctosure requiremcnrs js thar ol dcte.mininS whar consrirures "comp)erc" irfomation Admittcdly, lcgstr rn8 disclosurc rcquiremcnls ctarfics rhc duties of business al)d rhc dchrs of consumers Ycr dererrrlirur6 whar lequremcnrs rre frr in aI ciscs is problcmalic Should n suflcc ro lisr ingrcdienrs, insrmctions :lld inrcndcd uscs, or shou.ld customcrs also be irfoDocd of prccise spccilicarions, porcntal riski, and rcsulrs of rcsrs measufirg a produc!,s cffecrivcness ''sa-vis compcling producLs?
, \ c l o s e r ) r c l r r c d problem is Lhar dcrcrru,Jn8.nd cnlorcmt dsclosurc srrndar4s ncccsrdily jrvolies governnent ,egutldon, thereby adding ro $c ulltn3rc cost ro rne consumcr by'iley of highcllD(cs finally, falure to compl) may rcsulr rn rcs rroD tnc! a cosl Lhar mzy crrhcr havc r chillinr c-ffccr on producr imor.rtion or be p3sscd on ro t})c cusromcrs rn thc Iorm oi ttglcr pnccs Eirhc! rcsull opentes to *rc dcrrimcnl of rhc consumer, tl]c vc4' parq,\vhom rhc rcgutilions irc designcd ro Drorccr
Thcsc burdens musr be vcighcd "g.irr".r, inlclcsl in prolcclilS consrrlncrs a8al15r Iraud and ulduc hcatrh and srjcr' hrzards To "ssumc thrt busiiesscs will vojunrari}J, disclos€ negadvc producr info.mation jgnores rhe facr rhzr busincsses arc ,Dorivared bt profi!, not bl, pubtjc
GR E/C,IUT T.su
tuu.percBoN.con
Trang 7$
I
i
xk)_) sth),hDd,,1,",,t
*s*$ft***m.s*[*
*ts***,.x*$ffi
@
nrt trt t,,rrs t,,,,ror""4
-llsPl o1 apsr{
eB sl)npor4 pJneq,
.06 oN lnssl
trnnhs' 1^
!'rPgrs olJldrlloJ
l"-'',l,ff tlJi":'1;1-1-1'-'"-'"i1"':"il'"ff
""il::l'l':,::l: #'#J":ff;'i,"T,":::'J;:-"T"Jllo*'il-'l'l'i:l':,i,ffi
*+*s$;**m$.**m*
SlnSSl 1V149 ]VIJIJJO Oe
UCJ 5A165:
f-€,,,:,S
Trang 8producls i.c mrnufictur€d ind asscnrbl€d bl rh€ lo\vcr_cosr Asian rnd
Ethical Starldards and Successfirl Busirless Leadersl.dp
ln asscning thxr thc most succcssful business lcaders arc thc oncs ihel
f o l l o w t ] l c h i t h c s t e l h j c r l s r r ' l d r r d s t h e s n c r k c r ti i s c s s o m c v e q comPlcr qucsuons-about a busiicss lcader's fidDcian' dutics to thc firrn s srikeholders viea_vis !hc lerder's socirl obljgations UltrJnatc\', howcvcr' thc answer rums on whethcr a busincss lead€r cin rcco8nizc whcn sclfittcresr alj8ns \vjt-h socixi vclJxre, xs discussed below.
One sa]' to def!fle lhe success of r busincss lcader is simP\' in icrms of thc pron6 (or losses) of thc lcrder's lmn Ptoponcn$ of this dcfrnidon also icnd ro b€lieve thit b]'ma-\imizin8 proliis, at lc'st wnhin lcSal and cgulxto'-r' bounda.ies, a business lcacler fullius hls or her hjSh€st crhical 'oblSation
tet 5e Howcv.r, it we accePt thesc simplc notions of bltsitcss
s u c c c s s l n d e t h i c s i s m : l n ) leople do thcn tllc spe'kcr's tsscruon amounts
to a mcanrnSlcss lxutolosl Bcsides, a cer!'!in coiltt?rl view suggcsls tjrxt
b o t } l n o t i o n s r e l l ' o n o 1 ' e r h n a r r o $ ' i d e a s , b o u t b u s i n e s s " s u c c e s s ' a n d h o q
ro actuevc it
According to this broadcr, contrio vie\\" business leaders' by virruc ot rbc power tbe,r enio,\' owc cenxin social obliEations to tbc commuturl'ano rhc socicrl !)ut Smnts th€m rhit Power in thc firsr phce Such obliSations oftcn go beyonil lcSal oncs lnd includc among othcr duties, a duty to' condud busitcss in t mrnncr that ?voids undue risk to the hcalth and seJety
of customcrs as well as rhe public at large lfl ordcr ro dischargc obligations such as t}csc, a fifln nijghr voluntirily providc ccft n Producl_s'Jetl fcarues or rlkc cen-]!n'pollution-conttol mcasr'Ircs-cvcn if it mcans forcgoing a ponion of its pronts- SbJnc advocalcs of this contr-rrJ'vicw 8o ".i-"in."=- t-o.sc on rusileli"leracrs en irrrm'tivc oblisarlon to protcct consumcrs, prcscrvc t}c nlrulzl cnvironmett' Promotc cducatror\ and odreiwisc t Jic stePs ro bclP rllcvialc socicqts problcms
Thc mosr succcssful business l€adcr is thc onc who flot only stril<cs thc
inpcmtivc bui also tecognizcs and cxploils areas whcrc rhc Fvo objcdieet
M.pet6otLt.con
Trang 9"rt rrtf"r,rt
"rrror"" !
ttillji
rut,*tu:i#tffiin$I 'Iffil$;'*,i[*1ru-'ffi:
l+_*W
$fi*$ff*ffi *H#d'f,',*',"#*,,tirn:ii
,., *,,1i
x#:il:T'j,,:;:l, YJ j'il; j*:,-^,fr ;*1*tjtt,
ut pwq
03 or r'{r c.rour
!n ssrdrurs Du! "ro,o
:,T ;fi:; i'J:T.{
*ilii}ilT:.tt-,i :ili1*:#""J
s:Isst 1vr,,,19 -tvrctijo
0z tiol sAVSS:
ltdl,,vvs
Trang 10dcvclopirS (bcn nunudnS rluoush continucd srud\ an acsrhclic apprccir tion of Lircrarurc, rhc finc aru and ihc pcdorming ans
T h u s c v c n rhc bro:rdcst a n d d c c p i s r cottcgc educirion is mcrct)., primcr for aduh lifc vocr(ionil xod otircnvise Wc should conrinrc ro tcrrn ncs jotrelitcd skills and irJomxdon, in the inrc.esr of xdvancirg rhc socieq' But wc should rlso complcmcnt *rose cffonj through course wofk
in tlre scicnccs, humxnirics, tnd ans Wc rhcrcbl gain rhc capacin ro succccd in carecr, ro fmd its purpose and mcaning, rnd ro understand rnd lpprccizte Mc- To Sain rhcse capaciries is ro become futjt human, vhich, nr
m t ' \ ' i e q , , s h o u l d b € o u r u h i m r t c end
wdting SktL\lor the GRE/GMAT Tests uuu.pcI6otu.con