walking doing speaking coming To choose the appropriate tense, look for clues in the sentence.. © The verb in the main clause of a sentence determines the appropriate INCORRECT [He signe
Trang 1MEM Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context
1 [thought by now we would have learned the lesson Œ3) ® © ®
that if we ignore overhead, we our expenses
(A) underestimating (C) would underestimate
(B) will underestimate (D) have underestimated
2 If the yield up from 9.8 percent, it would oO ®D © @®
have been the highest average yield since 1992
(A) would go (C) will go
(B) has gone (D) had gone
3 They will import 750,000 more automobiles a year if OD © ®
international quotas set by the ministry lifted,
4 If the government an import fee, as it has oOo ® © @®
threatened to do for years, prices of consumer goods
will increase by at least 10 percent
(A) will impose (C) has imposed
(B) imposes | (D) is imposing
5, Their monetary unit stronger if they did Oo ® © @®
something about their deficit
(A) will be (C) can be
(B) would be (D) should be
6 If there had been fringe benefits, such as acompanycar @D @®D © ®
or stock options, I applying for the position
(A) could consider (C) would have considered
(B) considering (D) will be considering
there might have been a strike
(A) was not (C) had not been
(B) is not (D) will not be
8 The boss will offer Gordon a substantial promotion ifhe © @©® © @®
to be more tactful during business mectings
(A) will learn (C) should learn
(B) had learned (D) were learning
Trang 3
VERBS: TENSE
The various verb tenses have four principal verb forms:
may be limited to certain tenses)
walking doing speaking coming
To choose the appropriate tense, look for clues in the sentence These clues can be adverbs (time markers), other verbs in the sentence, or the verbs themselves (which
tense in the dependent clause
CORRECT He signed the release before he read it
the continuous
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
@ Certain time markers (now, tomorrow, since, etc.) indicate the tense of a
verb
INCORRECT [1 deal with his firm s¿zce 1988 | CORRECT | have dealt with his firm since 1988
© The verb in the main clause of a sentence determines the appropriate
INCORRECT [He signed the release before he will read it.]
© Stative verbs (seem, become, know, understand, be, etc.) cannot be used in
INCORRECT [If I’m understanding what you mean, I have to agree.]
CORRECT If | understand what you mean, I have to agree
| Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context
1 The express train always on time, unlike the
local, which is always late
(A) is arriving (C) has been arriving
2 When the shipment , he will dispatch it
to the proper department
(A) will come in (C) comes in
(B) is coming in (D) is going to come in
oS ® © ®
READING PRACTICE 143
Trang 43 Go ahead with the proposal, as long as everyone
that the goal is to improve upon last year’s event
(A) is understanding (C) will understand (B) understand (D) understands
4 Even before our researcher analyzed the online
customer reviews and ratings, we to
take on the client
(A) has agreed (C) agrees
(B) agreed (D) was agreed
5, She five years ago today; therefore, her request for a raise is definitely worth reviewing
(A) is being promoted (C) was promoted
(B) promoted (D) has been promoted
6 Our newest franchise in two months, so we need to start hiring new employees
(A) would open (C) will open
(B) had opened (D) has opened
7 The board reported that, even though we didn’t consult
them first, it a good decision to find a new
director
8 The survey indicated that profits are up by 20 percent the first two quarters of this year; business
(A) is being good (C) good
(B) were good (D) has been good
9 AsIsit here wondeting how we will possibly get this
project done on time, I that you all have time
to take a two-hour lunch break
(A) cannot believe (C) am not believing (B) could not believe (D) cannot be believing
10 By this time next year, the appearance of our reception
area and front offices greatly improved (A) has been (C) is
(B) will be (D) is being
144 READING PRACTICE
Trang 5VERBS: TWO-WORD
|6 Select the one answer that is appropriate ín the context
1 lí during our lunch hour you cannot on the
phone, try sending us the referrals by e-mail or fax
(A) get to (C) come by
(B) get through (D) get by °
During tough negotiations, such as the ones we have
witnessed over the last week or so, neither side wants
to
(A) givein (C) take hold
(B) get by (D) come on
It is mandatory to all potential hazards
before marketing your product
(A) look to (C) look from
(B) look away (D) look into
If you an error in reviewing the proposal,
please bring it to my attention
(A) come on (C) come across
(B) look to (D) getin
It is understood that her closest advisor will —
as president should she resign early
(A) take up (C) get by
(B) take over (D) come about
This time around we need to send a representative we
can , rather than someone who simply looks
good
(A) stand for (C) count on
(B) catch on (D) find out
Two-word verbs are made up of words which are understandable by themselves but have a different meaning when combined For example, turn means to rotate, and down means from a higher to a lower position Together they mean fo reject (as to turn down a proposal) or fo lower (as to turn down the volume) Since the combinations are not always predictable, it is necessary to become familiar with and recognize these two- word verbs A few of the many two-word verbs are in the practice exercises below
READING PRACTICE 145
Trang 7WORD FAMILIES
There are base (or root) words in English from which other words are made These related words are called word families Words can be related in noun, verb, adjective, and adverb forms They are often identified by their suffixes (endings)
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
© Noun suffixes include: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ency, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment,
-ness, -ship, -or, -ion
INCORRECT = [We have profited from his employing.) CORRECT We have profited from his employment
® Adjective suffixes include: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive
INCORRECT [His business is unsuccessfully.]
CORRECT His business is unsuccessful ®
® Adverb suffixes include: -ly, -word, -wise
INCORRECT =e [ The presentation was given profession.|
CORRECT The presentation was given professionally
™ Verb suffixes include: -en, -ify, -ize
INCORRECT =e [This client will strength our credibility.) CORRECT This client will strengthen our credibility
bare Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context,
1 Like no other member we have everemployed,Maria CA @®© © ®
exercised a influence on the firm
2, The recommendation, which was faxed by the president © @© © @®W
herself, was to the success of the merger
(A) criticism (C) critic
(B) critique (D) critical
3 Fortunately, his response the board members, Oo ®D © ® and the meeting was finally adjourned
(A) satisfaction (C) satisfied
(B) satisfactory (D) satisfactorily
4 While it may have seemed like we were being overly © ® © ® critical in our evaluation, the client's was
rewarded in the end,
(A) persistence (C) persist
(B) persistently (D) persistent
Trang 9
PART 6: TEXT COMPLETION
These are the directions for Part 6 of the new TOEIC®# test Study them now lf you understand these directions now, you will not have to read them on the test
PART 6
Directions: Read the texts that follow A word or phrase is missing in some of the sentences Four answer choices are given below each of the sentences Select the best answer to
complete the text Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet
Both Part 5 and Part 6 test your knowledge of grammar and your ability to interpret correctly the meaning of a sentence The practice section for Part 6, however, is
different It includes examples of Patterns to Remember and TOEIC Test Practice for these two groups of grammar patterns:
® Adjective Comparisons and Superlatives, Gerunds and Infinitives, and Modals
® Participles, Verbal Adjectives, and Pronouns
In Part 6, you will read a letter, an e-mail, an article, or some other prose passage In the passage, four words or phrases will be deleted Each blank (a deleted word or phrase) will have four answer options written below You are to choose the one that best completes the passage Some of the blanks can be filled in by reading just one sentence You will have to read and understand the whole passage to fill in some of the other blanks
READING PRACTICE 149
Trang 10
STRATEGIES
Your preparation for Part 6 will be similar to your study of the strategies for Part 5 In
fact, many of the grammar topics in Part 5 are tested again in Part 6 in the new TOEIC®
test There are inference questions that will oblige you to read the entire passage These questions will focus on tense, pronouns, and contextual meaning Study the Patterns to Remember in the grammar review section and pay close attention to the following
common traps
In an adjective comparison in the superlative, make sure the is not omitted INCORRECT [It is biggest I have ever seen.]
correct it is the biggest I have ever seen
In an adjective comparison in the comparative, make sure than is not omitted INCORRECT [She is taller 1]
correct She is taller than 1
Note which verbs can be followed by a gerund, which by an infinitive, and which
by either
INCORRECT [We decided leaving early.]
conrect We decided to leave early
Make sure the modal matches the tense of the sentence
INCORRECT [Last year we hoped she will come.]
correct Last year we hoped she would come
Determine whether the verbal adjective is the cause (-ing) or the object (-ed) of the feeling or reaction
INCORREdT [To me, this subject is interested]
correct Tome, this subject is interesting
A pronoun must agree with its antecedent
INCORRECT [The company gave her employees raises |
connEdT The company gave its employees raises
A pronoun must be the correct form
INCORRECT [He gave it to Tom and !.]
CORRECT He gave it to Tom and me
150 READING PRACTICE
Trang 11ADJECTIVE COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES
Adjectives can be used to compare two things (comparatives) or more than two things (superlatives) The comparisons can be made by adding endings to the base form of the word (prettier, the prettiest) or by placing more or most before the word (more intelligent, the mast intelligent)
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
® The comparative form uses than
INCORRECT [They seem more experienced then they are.]
CORRECT They seem more experienced than they are
© The precedes the adjective in the superlative form
INCORRECT ~—=e [Biggest demand is from the Midwest } CORRECT The biggest demand is from the Midwest
™ When comparing three ar more things, use the superlative
INCORRECT [This is the more obvious problem we face.]
CORRECT This is the most obvious problem we face
© When comparing two things equally, use as + adjective + as
INCORRECT [Fred is not ambitious as Mark.]
CORRECT Fred is not as ambitious as Mark
®™ There are five irregular forms to be memorized
far farther, further — the farthest, furthest little less the least
many, much more the most
INCORRECT [This is the worse indicator we have seen yet.]
CORRECT This is the worst indicator we have seen yet
READING PRACTICE 15]
Trang 12GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
Gerunds (verb + -ing) and infinitives (to + verb) are verb forms that can be used as nouns They may be used in any position in a sentence where a noun may be used, When used as direct objects, the decision whether to use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb These verb patterns must be memorized; lists may be found
in most grammar reference books
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
® Certain verbs take gerunds (admit, consider, enjoy, stop, etc.)
INCORRECT [He regretted to retire so early.]
CORRECT He regretted retiring so early
®@ Certain verbs take infinitives (afford, ask, decide, expect, etc.)
INCORRECT = [We expect arriving late.]
CORRECT We expect to arrive late
152 READING PRACTICE
Trang 13MODALS
Modals are auxiliaries (helping words) that signal the tense of the verb and add to its meaning
PRESENT/FUTURE PAST PERFECT MODALS MODALS MODALS
has/have to had to hasfhave had to
+
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
® Amain verb in the present tense means a present modal in the subordinate clause
INCORRECT = [The final decision is that he could go ahead with his project.|
CORRECT _The final decision is that he can go ahead with his project
® Amain verb in the past tense means a past modal in the subordinate clause
INCORRECT ~— [Last month he thought he will retire.]
CORRECT Last month he thought he would retire
® Perfect modals are used when the action of a verb in the subordinate clause is
supposed to have occurred already
INCORRECT [I thought he should be promoted last month.]
CORRECT I thought he should have been promoted last month
INCORRECT [They agree that we might make a mistake yesterday.|
CORRECT They agree that we might have made a mistake yesterday
& Must has two distinct meanings When must means “necessity,” the past is had to; when
it means a logical conclusion, the perfect form must have is used
INCORRECT [She must have used her vacation days, or she would have lost them.] CORRECT She had to use her vacation days, or she would have lost them
INCORRECT [Here⁄“s Brad’s report He had to forget to take it.]
CORRECT Here's Brad's report He must have forgotten to take it
READING PRACTICE 153