b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me.. Future wish: a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently.. I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him.. People don’t understand him b
Trang 1CONDITIONAL SENTENSES
I If Clauses : có 3 loại câu điều kiện :
TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
1 Future possible S + V0 / VS/ES
( Be -> am/ is/ are )
S + Will + VO
Shall Can May
2 Present unreal S + Ved/ V2
( Be -> were )
S + Would + Vo Should
Could Might
3 Past unreal S + Had + Ved /V3 S + Would + Have + Ved / V3
Should Could Might
If not = Unless ( nếu không, trừ phi )
EX: - If he takes my advice, everything can go well
- I wouldn’t do that if I were you
- If I had known your address, I would have written you a letter
- She will be late unless she starts at once
II Wish : có 3 loại điều ước :
TYPE S’ + ( WISH ) + ADVERBS
1 Điều ước ở hiện tại S + Ved / V2
( Be -> were )
Now, right now, today
2 Điều ước ở quá khứ S + Had + Ved / V3 Yesterday, ago, last
3 Điều ước ở tương lai S + Would + Vo
Could
Tomorrow, next, in the future
EX: - I wish today were Sunday
- Tom wished he had seen the football match on T.V last night
- I can’t speak English well I wish I could speak English well
Sentence Transformation :
1
+ Qui tắc:
- Không thay đổi thì
- Chỉ thay đổi ở mệnh đề IF / UNLESS: phủ định khẳng định
EX a- If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
Unless
b- Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another
If
c- He would cause an accident if he didn’t drive carefully
Unless
d- You would have lost all of your money unless you hadn’t invested it wisely
If
2
Vo + O or S + Will + Vo
If you + don’t Vo, S + Will + Vo
Unless you + Vo , S + Will + Vo
IF UNLESS
Trang 2+ Chú ý : Dạng này chỉ dùng ở câu điều kiện loại 1
EX: a- Ask him first or he won’t offer to help
Unless
b- Take an umbrella with you or you’ll be caught in the rain on the way back
If
c- Be calm or you make a wrong decision
Unless
If
3 Cho một sự thật ở hiện tại -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 viết lại câu trái với sự thật
ở hiện tại:
+ Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi thì ( hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn )
- Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trứơc ở cả hai mệnh đề:Phủ định Khẳng định
a
EX: - He is too old, so he can’t apply for the job
If
Ex:- I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up
If
b
EX: - Susan is overweight because she eats too much chocolate
If
- We get lost because we don’t have a map
If
4.Cho sự thật ở quá khứ -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 3 viết lại câu trái với sự thật ở quá khứ: + Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi thì ( quá khứ đơn -> quá khứ hoàn thành )
- Víêt lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trước ở cả hai mệnh đề : Phủ định Khẳng định
a
EX: a- I didn’t see it with my own eyes, so I didn’t believe it
If
b- I didn’t know his address, so I couldn’t contact him
If I
S + s.present + O , so S + future/ present +
O
->If + S + Ved/ V 2 + O , S + Would + Vo + O
( Were ) Could
S + future/ present + O because S + s.present +
O
If + S + Ved/ V2 + O , S + Would + Vo + O
( Were) Could
S + Simple past + O , so + S + Simple past + O
-> If + S + Had + Ved/ V 3 + O , S + Would + Have + Ved/ V 3 +
O
Trang 3b
EX : -The hens got into the house because she didn’t shut the door
If
5 Wish Sentences:
+ Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi thì: Hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn
Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành
Tương lai đơn -> Would / Could
- Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu ban đầu: Phủ định Khẳng định
- Bỏ “I’m sorry” hoặc “What a pity” ( nếu có)
EX:
Present wish:
a- I’m sorry I don’t get good marks
I wish
b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me
I wish
c- I’m bad at English
I wish
Past wish:
a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party
I wish
b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job
Nam now wishes that
Future wish:
a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently
I wish
b- My sister won’t come here
I wish
EXERCISE
I IF -> UNLESS:
1 If he doesn’t take more care, he’ll have an accident
-> Unless
………
2 The crops will be ruined if it doesn’t rain soon
-> Unless
………
3 Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home
-> If
………
4 I can’t go with you unless I get my work finished
-> If
………
5 If you don’t leave on the 15th , you’ll get home late for your mother’s party
-> Unless
………
6 Tom never does anything unless his father tells him what to do
-> If
………
S + Simple past + O because + S + simple past + O
-> If + S + Had + Ved/ V3 + O , S + Would + Have + Ved/ V3 +
O
Trang 47 Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it
-> Unless
………
8 If she does nothing to prepare for the test, she will get bad marks
-> Unless
………
9 You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa
-> If
………
10 Unless you remember our address, you can find it in the phone book
-> If
………
II Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo
-> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo
1 Do your exercises or you will fail the exam
If
Unless
2 Save some money or you won’t able to buy the house
If
3 Behave yourself or your parents will be very unhappy
Unless
4 Do it carefully or you’ll feel sorry afterwards
If
5 Ask him first or he won’t offer to help
If
6 Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision
Unless
7 Be careful or you’ll cut yourself with that knife
If
III FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2)
1 My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money
If………
………
2 We don’t go out because it rains
If………
………
3 I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him
If………
………
4 It’s too cold so we can’t go swimming
If………
………
5 The exercises are very difficult so I can’t finish in fifteen minutes
If………
………
6 She can’t go to the meeting because she is busy
If………
………
7 Because I don’t meet her, I don’t give her your letter
If………
………
8 They are too slow, they can’t win the mach
If………
………
Trang 59 She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise
If………
………
10 People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly
If………
………
IV FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3)
1 I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy
-> If
………
………
2 I didn’t see the signal,so I didn’t stop
-> If
………
………
3 We got lost because we didn’t have a map
-> If
………
………
4 We stayed up late last night and we were so tired
-> If
………
………
5 He wasn’t able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam
-> If
………
………
6 One of the reason I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy
-> If
………
………
7 Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain
-> If
………
………
8 Peter was very nervous and failed the driving test
-> If
………
………
9 I didn’t take a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me
-> If
………
………
10 Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country
-> If
………
………
1 I’m sorry I don’t have much money
I wish
2 What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night
I wish
3 What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me
I wish
Trang 64 I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently
I wish
5 My friends don’t take part in the game
I wish
6 I’m sorry I get bad marks
I wish
7 What a pity the weather isn’t find today
I wish
8 What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night
I wish
9 I haven’t enough money to buy this book
I wish
10 I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon
I wish
11 I live in a big city, but I don’t like it
I wish
12 I can’t take the trip to Hanoi with her next summer
I wish
13 Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week
I wish
14 I’m sorry I didn’t finish my homework
I wish
15 Tom bought the second- hand car
I wish
16 She won’t come with me
I wish
17 Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job
18 Nam wishes
19 I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth
20 I wish you had given
21 He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party
I wish
22 Daisy didn’t go swimming with me
I wish