Diversity of Life

Sponges invertebrate• Simplest of the animal groups • lives in salt water attached to the bottom • Hollow central cavity • Two layers of body cells with tiny pores... Coelenterates inver

Diversity of Modern Life

Kingdom Monera (“Monerans”)

• Smallest and simplest

• What are two characteristics of the organisms in Kingdom

Monera?

• What is meant by unicellular?

• What are the three shapes of

bacteria?

Kingdom Fungi

• Multicellular; complex

• cell walls, no chlorophyll

• Threadlike fungi (bread mold)

• club fungi (mushrooms)

• sac fungi (yeast and mildew)

Nonvascular Plants

• CANNOT conduct water

• Example: Moss

• Moist environment

Vascular Plants

• CAN conduct water

• Capable of living in drier areas

• Club mosses, Ferns, Horsetails, Gymnosperms, and

Angiosperms

• Seed plant

• name means “naked seed”

• Most are conifers

Angiosperms -Flowering Plants

• Seed plant

• name means “covered seed”

• Seeds are produced inside

ovaries

• A ripened ovary is a fruit

• largest/most diverse plants

• What is the major difference

between a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?

• What are three plant

characteristics?

• How are vascular and non

vascular plants different?

Sponges (invertebrate)

• Simplest of the animal groups

• lives in salt water attached to the bottom

• Hollow central cavity

• Two layers of body cells with

tiny pores

Coelenterates (invertebrate)

• Jellyfish, hydras, and corals

• two cell layers

• Live in water

• hollow body with a single

opening

Questions

• What are three similarities

between coelenterates and

sponges?

Flatworms (invertebrate)

• Flattened body; mostly

parasitic

• one body opening

• two eyespots (light detection)

• Turbellarians (free-living)

• Planarians (freshwater

Turbellarians)

Segmented Worms (invertebrate)

• Rounded, segmented bodies

• two body openings

• has five hearts and a brain

• Ex: leeches and marine tube

worms

Arthropods (invertebrate)

• Largest group of animals

• multiple body segments

• jointed appendages

(legs/arms)

• exoskeleton (hard outer

covering)

Arthropods (continued)

• Well-developed organs

• insects, lobsters, crabs, and

spiders

Echinoderms (invertebrate)

• Spiny skinned animals

• star fish (sea stars), sand

dollars, sea cucumbers

• flexible arms; tube feet

• known for regeneration (ability

to grow new body parts)

• What is the major similarity

between mollusks,

echinoderms, and arthropods?

• Which group of organisms are known for regeneration?

• What is regeneration?

• What is the largest group of

animals?

• Describe an invertebrate

• An octopus and a clam belong

to what group of invertebrates?

• How is an endoskelton different from an exoskeleton?

Vertebrates (continued)

• Endotherm (warm- blooded);

these organisms can control

their body temperature from

within despite changes in the environment

Vertebrates (continued)

• Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body temperature changes with the environment

Jawless fishes

• Ex: Sea lamprey

• mouth is used for sucking

fluids; no appendages (fins)

• flexible skeleton made of

cartilage

• ectotherms

Cartilaginous Fishes

• Two pairs of fins; gills

• ectotherms

• strong teeth (sharks)

• SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE

• stingrays, skates, sharks

Bony fishes

• Flounder, eels, trout, and others

• SKELETON MADE OF BONE

• How are the cartilaginous

fishes mainly different from the bony fishes?

• What do the other fishes have that the jawless fishes do not

have?

• Frogs, toads, salamanders

• part of their life is spent on

land and part of life is spent in the water; (ectotherms)

• smooth, moist skin

• gills when they are young and have lungs as adults

• Adapted to live on land

(terrestrial)

• breathe with lungs

• body covered with plates or

scales

• ectotherms

Reptiles

• Dinosaurs

• Turtles, snakes, lizards,

crocodiles, and alligators

• lay eggs in a leathery shell

• Bodies adapted for flight (light, bones, feathers, and wings)

• Scaly legs and feet

• lay eggs in a hard shell

• endotherms

• Advanced nervous system;

highly developed brain

• Endotherms

• Hairy bodies

• can occupy several habitats

• give birth to live young;

produce milk mammary glands

Questions

• Which animals spend part of

their life on and part of it in the water?

• What type of animals have

scales or or hard plates?