tất tần tật về passive voice

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PASSIVE VOICE

I/Passive voice (P.V): is usually to emphasize the result, the fact or

the object of an action ,not the agent

*P.V is used only with Transitive Verb

*P.V is used more commonly in written language , especially in the impersonal style of textbooks or report ( to describe an industrial and scientific process, to describe historical and social process or in

official rules and procedures)

Ex :

The ore is usually dug out of the ground

Applications should be made in writing

II/Form

General form :

S+Vt+O ( Vt= transitive verb)

>PV:S(o) + be + P(2)+ (by O)

NOTE:

*to be in passive sentence is always in the same forms and tenses &

main verbs in the active sentence

In P.V:

*To verb is changed into to be P(2)

*Verb is changed into be P(2)

*V-ing is changed into Being P(2)

*Modal verbs work in the same way :

S+ modal verb + Vt+ O

->P.V : S(o)+modal verb + be+P(2) + (by S)

Ex :

The windows in being painted

The machine can be taken apart

BASIC USES of passive voice

I/Agent and instrument:

*Agent : A person who does the action in the Passive sentence is

called the agent

*Instrument : Things which cause something to happen in a passive sentence is called an instrument

Ex:

I was hit by a branch ( The branch itself hit me)

Iwas hit with a branch ( Some one use a branch to hit me )

II/Transitive and intrasitive verbs :

1/Transitive verbs are the verbs with object.

There are 3 kinds of Vt( verb transitive )

-[B]Memo-trasitive verbB] : verb with 1 object (read, write, )

-Di-transitive verb :verb with 2 objects(give,

bring,pay,hand,show )

-Complex transitive verb

Ex:

I read the newspapers yesterday

I gave her a present.

All Vt.s can be made passive except :become, have, get, suit, fit, resemble

2/Intrasitive verbs are verbs with no object :

Ex:

The baby is sleeping

The bird flies

3/Some verbs are both transitive and intransitive verbs "run" for

example :

Ex :

He ran a shop > A shop was run by him

He is running > (no passive)

* In this case, we focus on transitive verbs

III/Cases of omitting the agent.

1/When the agent is general : people, they, you , we

*When these sentences are made passive , these general agents can be omitted because they doesn't give more information

Ex:

All over the world, people respect the knowledge

>The knowledge are respected all over the world

2/ When the agent is obivious :

*In Passive sentences , when all people understand who do/does the action, then there is no need to mention the agent again

Ex : The criminal was arrested ( by the police)

3/When the agent is unimportant( we don't need to know about the

agent)

Ex:

I was advised to worked harder

4/When the agent is unknown ( we don't know anything about the

agent)

Ex:

She was killed yesterday

5/When both speakers and listeners know the agent

Ex:

I was tested thoroughly

6/When the speaker doesn't want to mention the agent Then the agent is omitted.

Ex :

It has been agreed to increased the salaries by 5%

7/When the speaker want to focus on the action rather than the agent

Ex:

Mails are delivered to whom addressed

Verbs with 2 objects

-This kind of verbs can also be called the Verbs of giving because thet

have the same pattern as "give"

-In this case, either of these objects can be the subject of a passive

-We will use the object which we want to emphasize to be the subject

of the passive sentence

Ex:

The nurse gives the patient a sleeping pill

> The patient is given a sleeping pill

->A sleeping pill is given to the patient

Other Verbs can be used in this pattern Cuối bài có file đính kèm

1 số động từ dùng như cách của động từ " give ")

Verbs with Object and Complement

-This kind of verbs is also called complex transitive verbs There are

some verbs such as: make , find.

Ex:

*It made me ill

> I was made ill

*People found he had died

> He was found dead

Passive with " want" and "need"

-If the sentence follows the first structure , we have to make it passive like the second

S+want/need+ O(1)+ to - infinitive+ O (2)

-> Passive : S+ want/ need+ O (2)+ to be Past participle + by

O(1)

Ex : He wants her to take a photo >He wants a photo to be taken